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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Health care financing in China.

Today's China, still a developing country with per capita health expenditure of 50 cents to one dollar (U.S.), has established a complex network of health facilities and well-distributed health personnel through the efforts of the existing political structure. The curative health services are decentralized and provide care through a variety of plans which combine capitation prepayment and modified fee-for service. Each plan is striving for the goal of making health care accessible to all at low cost, and hence, efforts of cost containment for self-sufficiency are widely practiced. The responsibility of the preventive health services (such as health education, screening, family planning, food distribution, etc.) are assumed by the central government and they are provided without charge to encourage maximal utilization. Other features of the Chinese system discussed include self-reliance, self-sufficiency, mass orientation, regionalization and innovative utilization of existing facilities, and personnel.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Current issues in mental health continuing education.

Data from two studies are presented and related literature is reviewed in an effort to identify current issues of concern to mental health continuing educators. These issues include: (a) the need to increase the level of participation of mental health professionals in continuing education programs, (b) the lack of stable funding sources, (c) the need to evaluate the consequences of continuing education program participation (d) the role of continuing education in the emerging process of recertification and relicensure, (e) the need for continuing education program content to reflect contemplated changes in the organization and financing of human service delivery systems, (f) the growing interest in multidisciplinary continuing education, and (g) problems in meeting the continuing education demands of a more broadly defined constituency.

Certification↗
PubMed1976

Progress toward a National Blood System. The American Blood Commission.

The success of the American Blood Commission in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of blood service delivery in the United States depends on the Commission's interactions with its members, with HEW and with the Congress. Active involvement of over 36 national organizations as dues-paying members representing both consumer/donors and providers gives the Commission considerable influence. HEW underwrites specific programs of the Commission and HEW agencies display co-operation and re-enforcement of its moves. The Congress has refrained from actions that might undercut the effort. An all-voluntary blood-donor system is a key American Blood Commission objective. The argument for voluntarism is supported by the need to control hepatitis, but other means of controlling hepatitis may be developed. The Commission's plan for a national blood system is based on securing voluntary compliance with guidelines recommended by peer groups within the Commission, and should facilitate a more effective national blood-transfusion system.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1979

Financing health care.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

The role of federal waivers in the health policy process.

Federal waiver programs enable states to bypass the requirements of federal programs such as Medicare and Medicaid to experiment with different ways of financing, organizing, and delivering health care. In tracking waiver activity from 1980 to 1990, the authors found that federal involvement with waivers lost momentum during the latter part of the 1980s, while state involvement increased. Three key issues dominate the discussion of waivers: administrative control, the role of the states, and the ability to evaluate demonstration waivers. Examination of the chronology of waiver activity suggests the emergence of a new era, wherein federal control reemerges as a way to counter the increased fragmentation of health policies among states. If this is the case, four areas need to be addressed: (1) balance of political and research objectives; (2) administrative flexibility for states; (3) careful scrutiny of rules; and (4) increased accountability. These recommendations can guide the federal government, with the states as partners, in its attempt to regain momentum in the use of waivers to expand the knowledge base.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1977

A survey of local public health departments and their directors.

In 1974 a questionnaire was mailed to the nation's local health officers. Responses were received from 1,345, at least 68 per cent of all local health departments. The present paper presents selected summary data from respondents concerning the health departments, their jurisdictions, organization, finance, functions, staffing, and about the training, salaries, and other characteristics of local health officers. Health departments are extensively involved in rendering health services, including direct personal services (25 per cent of all departments). For many services the health department is the sole provider of essential services in the area of jurisdiction. These services include ambulatory care (8 per cent), maternal and child health (48.5 per cent), home care (44.8 per cent), and family planning (38 per cent). The major constraints to improvement and expansion of programs are perceived as limited financial support, insufficient staff, and inadequate facilities.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Features of oral health care across cultures.

This paper sets out to draw together the findings from the five individual studies and to draw tentative conclusions from them. It is pointed out that the comparisons made are between system factors and not between whole systems of oral health care. An attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of individual system features in the hope of being able to suggest ways in which those shown to be most beneficial might be incorporated into complete systems. In relation to caries experience, measured as DMF teeth, there is a wide variation, not only by each of the separate components to that total. In those studies where extensive school dental services exist, the F component accounts for almost all the score while in the other study groups it forms only about half the total, the proportion tending to be greater in the non-metropolitan than in metropolitan populations. In the same way treatment/need ratios and amounts of retreatment required show the benefits of the existence of the school dental service. The treatment/need ratio is then examined in relation to selected variables such as method of payment, utilization of auxiliaries, the existence of specified target groups etc. When the method of stepwise regression analysis is applied to the pooled samples utilization of services remains the most important predictor of treatment/need ratio. Others in order of importance are whether dental personnel decide on frequency of visits, whether the last visit was made for symptomatic reasons alone and whether lack of severity of symptoms had been a reason for avoiding oral health care. In relation to periodontal conditions no clear picture has emerged and this may demonstrate how systems of all types have failed to deal with this problem. Although much remains to be elaborated three main findings have already emerged from this study: (i) The need for reinforcement of preventive behaviour and services. (ii) The effectiveness of regulated contact between consumer and provider in meeting treatment needs. (iii) The need to concentrate on quality as well as volume of care in providing adequately for the needs of child and adolescent populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Human sexuality: an interdisciplinary program for health care professionals and the physically disabled.

The central feature of a program in human sexuality for health care professionals and persons with physical disabilities developed at the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research (TIRR) is a 2 1/2-day Sexual Attitude Reassessment (SAR) Workshop. Although the content of this Workshop has many features in common with ones used elsewhere, its organization, financing, and development are relatively unique. Based in a small, specialty hospital in the South, it is a low-budget, largely self-supporting program run by an extradepartmental, multidisciplinary staff. Evaluations of 12 workshops involving over 500 disabled and ablebodied participants are compared with similar data reported in the literature along with information (before and after the workshop) concerning the participants' attitudes, behavior, and satisfaction regarding various sexual activities. There were programmatic, institutional, and community problems unique to developing this program, but it has unusual potential for personal and staff development, intrainstitutional team building and broader community service.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗