PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Fishes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

A new highly effective ovulating agent for fish reproduction. Practical application of LH-RH analogue for the induction of spawning of farm fishes.

The synthetic analogue of the nonapeptide LH-RH has been found to be highly effective in the induction of spawning of farm fishes (the grass carp, the silver carp, the spotted silver carp, and the black carp.) Its biological activity is many times higher than that of the synthetic decapeptide or natural releasing hormone. Out of a total number of 500 mature fishes treated with the nonapeptide alone and/or combined with a minimum amount of fish pituitary, 396 of them spawned--with an over-all spawning rate of 78%. As far as we know, this is probably the most effective ovulating agent or hormone now available for fishes. This finding is of paramount importance in pisciculture for large-scale production of fry. The recommended dosages for the following farm fishes are: the grass carp--1-10 microgram/kg b.w.; the silver carp--3 microgram or more/kg b.w. in divided doses; the spotted silver carp--1.4 microgram or more/kg b.w.; and the black carp--10 microgram/kg b.w. For the latter species, the efficacy of the peptide could be improved by a concurrent administration of 0.5-2 mg of the pituitary gland. The significance of this work in piscicultural practice and the mechanism of hormonal action are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Determination of the vitamin E in fish and fish products].

To measure the tocopherols content in fish and fishery products conditions of analysis permitting the utilization of the Emmiry-Engel method were selected. Subsequent to a comparative investigation, a system of solvents was sorted out with which in column chromatography using aluminium oxide the most complete separation of tocopherols from compounds hindering colourimetric determination could be achieved. The procedures used in determinations and data on the tocopherols content in 27 species of fish, fishery products and others are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Development of an enzymatic method to differentiate fresh and sea-frozen and thawed fish fillets. I. Comparison of the applicability of some enzymes of fish muscle.

The activities of mitochrondrial and lysosomal enzymes in press juices of fresh and frozen and thawed fillets were compared. It was demonstrated that several lysosomal enzymes are suitable for the detection of thawed fillets, because their activities in press juice increased considerably in consequence of freezing and thawing fish fillets.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Activities of oxidative enzymes in thyroid follicles of Xiphophorin fishes.

The activity of some intracellular oxidative enzymes was studied histochemically in the cells of the thyroid follicles of teleost fishes of the genus Xiphophorus. The experimental material consisted of animals of the red swordtail and Mexican swordtail breeds of Xiphophorus helleri and of melanotic Xiphophorus maculatus fishes. Observations were carried out on adult specimens of both sexes, including pregnant femals of Mexican swordtail. Moreover, immature Mexican swordtails of both sexes were examined. Thyroid follicles were found to be present in the subpharyngeal region of all fishes studied. The distribution of these follicles as well as their number and form depended on sex, age and on the analysed stage of prenancy. A smaller number and size of thyroid follicles were characteristic of immature specimens, whereas they were most numerous in the thyroids of pregnant fishes. The follicles were arranged in characteristic dense aggregations, especially in the melanotic platyfish. The follicular eipthelium in the fishes under study was usually cubical, but pregnant and non-pregnant adult females also contained a considerable number of larger follicles with flattened epithelium. Besides, thyroid follicles of multilayer epithelium were rather frequently encountered, especially in male fishes, irrespective of their age. The thyroid follicle cells of these fishes demonstrated invariably high activities of reduced NAD and NADP dehydrogenases and of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and a low activity of succinat dehydrogenase. The intensities of alpha-glycerophosphate and lactate dehydrogenases and of cytochrome oxidase varied with sex, age and breed of the studied fishes. The immature and pregnant fishes showed the most clearly pronounced differences in the intensity of enzymic activity, the thyroid follicles of immature specimens revealing a high activity of lactate dehydrogenase and low activity of cytochrome oxidase, an inverse picture being seen in pregnant fishes. The adult forms of both sexes exhibited an enhanced activity of cytochrome oxidase and a decline in that of lactate dehydrogenase. The observed differences in the intensities of enzymic acitivities in the thyroids of the studied fishes are related with functions of this gland which in the period of growth are different from those in the period of sexual maturity, and certainly also with individual metabolic characteristics of the studied fishes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Clostridium botulinum in fish.

1407 fish caught in Scandinavian waters, the North Sea and the North Atlantic have been examined for the presence of Cl. botulinum. The incidence in gut samples expressed as percentage of fish tested was generally highest in fish from Scandinavian coastal waters and the Baltic Sea (4--43%), decreasing in fish from the North Sea (0--8%), and the organism was practically absent in fish from the North Atlantic. When gut samples were examined, the incidence was highest in demersal fish (cod and flatfish) as compared with pelagic fish (herring). The latter fish species were mainly contaminated on outer surfaces and gills. Only type E was detected in this survey, and Cl. botulinum was not detected in any wild fresh water fish. It is suggested that type E spores may originate in the sea bed and that they be spread by fish and water currents.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Proteobacteria with chemosynthetic potential are highly prevalent in the gills of Hypoplectrus reef fishes.

Fishes host a diverse microbiome in their gills, but a broad characterization of this microbiome at the metagenomic level is lacking. Here, we apply genome-resolved metagenomics to the gills of the hamlets (Hypoplectrus spp), a group of reef fishes from the Greater Caribbean. The analysis of 353 gill samples from 15 hamlet species collected at eight locations over 13 years revealed a stark contrast between the gill microbiota and reef water microbial communities, indicating a distinct and specific gill microbiome. A total of 70 gill-associated metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered. These MAGs belong to 17 lineages, most of which are novel. They relate to known fish gill pathogens, fish gut microbes, free-living and biofilm-associated taxa, indicating that the gill microbiome was assembled from a collection of distinct eco-evolutionary trajectories. The MAGs harbor diverse metabolic modules, involved notably in nitrogen cycling, antibiotic production and biofilm formation, revealing a highly dynamic microbial ecosystem. One lineage in the Burkholderiaceae family was outstandingly prevalent across fish host species, sampling locations and years. Its genome encoded complete metabolic modules for carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation, indicating chemosynthetic potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first line of evidence that fishes may host sulfur-oxidizing chemosynthetic bacteria in their gills. The functional significance of this chemosynthetic potential for the fish host or other members of the gill microbiome remains to be established. The high prevalence of this lineage allowed to build a pangenome. It revealed large-scale geographic structure (western Caribbean, eastern Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico), which parallels the phylogenomic pattern observed in the hamlets. Overall, our findings point to complex fish host-microbe and microbe-microbe eco-evolutionary interactions in the gills that may influence fish physiology, homeostasis and immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Response from menhaden fish meal in diets of young turkeys.

Diets involving three or five fish meal treatments and two zinc bacitracin treatments were fed to 5410 poults. The poults were divided into 552 pens and raised to two, three or four weeks of age in five series of 3 X 2 or 5 X 2 factorial experiments. Body weights increased 9.0 to 31.3% from the addition of 5% menhaden fish meal and 5.4 to 11.9% from the addition of 44 ppm bacitracin. No interaction existed between fish meal and bacitracin. Residues derived from either water or petroleum ether extraction of fish meal, when added to diets at levels equivalent to those in 5% fish meal, produced body weight gains nearly equal to those obtained from 5% fish meal. Body weights were not increased by the addition of either water or petroleum soluble extracts or by charred or ashed fish meal. The addition of a mixture of crystalline amino acids, defluorinated phosphate, and fat equivalent to 5% fish meal produced only a 4.4% increase in body weight. An unidentified growth factor which is non-lipid, non-mineral, and non-water soluble appears to be present in menhaden fish meal when added to well foritified po

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2025

TRIM63 Overexpression in FISH-Negative MiTF Family Altered Renal Cell Carcinoma (MiTF RCC).

TFE3 and TFEB break-apart fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays are the "gold standard" for diagnostic confirmation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF) family-altered renal cell carcinoma (MiTF RCC), which includes TFE3-rearranged RCC and TFEB-altered RCC. However, FISH assays, for multiple reasons, may lead to equivocal or false-negative results, especially in cryptic fusions resulting from intrachromosomal inversions involving 5' partner genes, such as non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO); GRIPI-associated protein 1 (GRIPAP1); RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome (RBMX); and RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10). When FISH results are negative in cases with strong morphological suspicion of the listed tumor entities, pathologists may recommend targeted RT-PCR or panel-based RNA fusion sequencing for diagnostic confirmation. Our recent RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH)-based study demonstrated RNA expression of the tripartite motif containing 63 (TRIM63) to be highly enriched in TFE3-rearranged RCC and TFEB-altered RCC, including 2 FISH false-negative RCC cases harboring RBM10::TFE3 fusion. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that TRIM63 positivity could aid in diagnosing cases that are negative by conventional FISH assay but remain morphologically suspicious, representing an unmet clinical need in this area. We collected 20 RCC cases with morphological suspicion (with equivocal/indeterminate immunohistochemistry panel) of MiTF RCC, which were TRIM63 positive, negative/equivocal for TFE3/TFEB gene rearrangement by FISH, and underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS). On NGS correlation, 14 of 20 (70%) FISH-negative TRIM63-positive tumors harbored an MiTF gene rearrangement. In the remaining 6 cases, we were unable to fully ascertain the MiTF rearrangement status due to the inherent limitation of the NGS panel utilized. The cases with MiTF gene rearrangement include TFE3 rearrangement in 60% (12/20) and TFEB low-level copy gains (with an additional missense mutation in 1 case) in 10% (2/20) of samples. RBM10:TFE3 fusion was seen in 67% (8/12) of TFE3-rearranged RCC in this cohort. TRIM63 RNA ISH assay could aid in identifying cases that harbor TFE3 or TFEB rearrangement associated with false-negative or equivocal TFE3/TFEB FISH results, especially those involving gene fusions with a paracentric Xp11 inversion. Overall, employment of TRIM63 RNA ISH coupled with TFE3/TFEB FISH assays and follow-up genomic interrogation enhanced diagnostic accuracy for patients with MiTF RCC.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1975

Fish health--some concepts, constraints, and comparisons.

This has been an overview of fish health, a comparison of some aspects of fish husbandry with other animal husbandry, and comments concerning fish health research--especially where it is going. The 1972 disease survey identified current problems; it ranked the problems according to priority. More important, research effort has been redirected. Problems of highest priority are receiving the greatest attention; those of lesser priority are receiving the appropriately lesser attention. Just as veterinary and human medical research have become more mission-oriented, fish health research has also become much more of a problem-solving activity. There are fewer dollars; they must be used wisely and they must produce. Research in fish health is expected to yield usable information that will be of significant help in producing better fishes. If destined for the table, such fishes should convert feeds rapidly and efficiently, and they should not suffer losses from diseases. If intended for stocking, such fishes should be capable of thriving in the environment and of surviving to fulfill their destiny.

Animal Husbandry↗