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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Impact of Annual School Fitness Reports on Students' Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Parental Reporting.

BACKGROUND: School-based physical fitness testing is an important population health monitoring tool and has the potential to improve student fitness performance. However, few studies exist on the impact of reporting student fitness to parents. METHODS: Using data from the Fit Study (2014-2017) from 12 California public schools, we used mixed-effects models to compare changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (estimated peak oxygen consumption, calculated from the 1-mile run) and strength (curl-ups and push-ups) over 1 and 2 years between students randomized to having their parents receive an annual fitness report (intervention, n = 1638 students) and control (n = 2070) in grades 5 to 8 (ages 10-15 y). The student sample was 47.9% female, 55.9% Hispanic, and 24.1% Asian. RESULTS: After 1 year, intervention students did not demonstrate differential change compared with control students in estimated peak oxygen consumption (between-group change: -0.03 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, -.367 to 0.302), curl-ups (between-group change: 1.2 curl-ups; 95% CI, -0.306 to 2.660), or push-ups (between-group change: 0.1 push-ups; 95% CI, -0.672 to 0.787). Similarly, no differences were seen after 2 years. CONCLUSION: Sending a 2-page, once-a-year school-based fitness report home to parents-in the absence of environmental changes and/or behavioral coaching and support-does not impact student fitness performance after either 1 or 2 years of reporting.

fitness reporting↗
PubMed1991

Staying fit and staying well: physical fitness as a moderator of life stress.

Previous research suggests that physical fitness moderates the adverse effects of stressful life events. However, a reliance on self-reports of fitness and health may limit the validity of prior investigations. The present research tested the stress-buffering effect of fitness with subjective and objective indicators of exercise, fitness, and physical well-being. For self-reports of health, both self-reports of exercise and objective measures of fitness showed the buffering effect; however, only objective fitness levels buffered stress when visits to a health facility were considered. Additional evidence indicated that this effect was largely independent of measures of psychological distress. Implications for understanding the link between fitness, stress, and health status are discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1992

Effects of time of posttest after two durations of exercise on speed and accuracy of addition and subtraction by fit and less-fit women.

18 adult female volunteers, ages 27 to 49 years, were divided into two groups based on their cardiorespiratory fitness to investigate speed and accuracy of addition and subtraction immediately, 5 min., and 15 min. postexercise. A 2 (fitness level) x 3 (exercise duration) x 3 (postexercise performance trials) repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that, for the fit group, speed of problem solving was significantly faster after both 20-min. and 40-min. exercise sessions across all performance trials; for the less-fit group, speed of addition/subtraction was significantly faster only after the 20-min. exercise session across performance trials. No significant postexercise difference in accuracy was found for either fit or less-fit groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relation of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness to coronary heart disease, Part II: Cardiovascular fitness and the safety and efficacy of physical activity prescription.

BACKGROUND: This paper is the second of two reports that together review the scientific evidence regarding the inverse relation between physical activity and cardiovascular fitness and coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Using a MEDLINE search with the key words exercise, physical fitness, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease, more than 75 articles were reviewed, evaluating study design, measurement error, bias and confounding, the strength of associations, consistency of results, temporal and dose-response relation, and biologic plausibility. RESULTS: The relative risk in epidemiologic studies comparing the least to the most fit categories ranges from 1.2 to 4.8, which is greater than that for physical inactivity. The differences between cardiovascular fitness (an attribute) and physical activity (a behavior) are highlighted. The range of correlation (r = 0.02 to 0.44) between cardiovascular fitness and physical activity is discussed relative to measurement error and genetic and environmental factors. Studies reporting the safety of regular physical activity suggest an injury rate as high as 35 injuries per 100 persons per year. Efficacy studies limited to secondary prevention trials report a 66 percent compliance rate and 15 percent reduction in total mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The scientific evidence implying a causal relation between cardiovascular fitness and CHD is strongly positive, but the clinical and public health implications are unclear. Further research and clinical guidelines are suggested.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Fitness effects of EMS-induced mutations on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Viability effects and heterozygous fitness effects.

Drosophila melanogaster X chromosomes were mutagenized by feeding males sucrose solutions containing ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS); the concentrations of EMS in the food were 2.5 mM, 5.0 mM, and 10.0 mM. Chromosomes were exposed to the mutagen up to three times by treating males in succeeding generations. After treatment, the effective exposures were 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, and 30.0 mM EMS. X chromosomes treated in this manner were tested for effects on fitness in both hemizygous and heterozygous conditions, and for effects on viability in hemizygous and homozygous conditions. In addition, untreated X chromosomes were available for study. The viability and heterozygous fitness effects are presented in this paper, and the hemizygous fitness effects are discussed in the accompanying one (MITCHELL and SIMMONS 1977). Hemizygous and homozygous viability effects were measured by segregation tests in vial cultures. For hemizygous males, viability was reduced 0.5 percent per mM EMS treatment; for homozygous females, it was reduced 0.7% per mM treatment. The decline in viability appeared to be a linear function of EMS dose. The viabilities of males and females were strongly correlated. Heterozygous fitness effects were measured by monitoring changes in the frequencies of treated and untreated X chromosomes in discrete generation populations which, through the use of an X-Y translocation, maintained them only in heterozygous condition. Flies that were heterozygous for a treated chromosome were found to be 0.4% less fit per mM EMS than flies heterozygous for an untreated one.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fitness effects of EMS-induced mutations on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Hemizygous fitness effects.

X chromosomes mutagenized with EMS were tested for their effects on the fitness of hemizygous carriers. The tests were carried out in populations in which treated and untreated X chromosomes segregated from matings between males and attached-X females; the populations were maintained for several generations, during which time changes in the frequencies of the treated and untreated chromosomes were observed. From the rates at which the frequencies changed, the fitness effects of the treated chromosomes were determined. It was found that flies hemizygous for a mutagenized chromosome were 1.7% less fit per mM EMS treatment than those hemizygous for an untreated chromosome. Since the same flies were only 0.5% per mM less viable than their untreated counterparts, the total fitness effect of an X chromosome carrying EMS-induced mutants is three to four times greater than its viability effect. By comparing the heterozygous effect of a mutagenized X chromosome on fitness with the corresponding hemizygous effect, the dominance value for the chromosome is estimated to be about 0.25.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The effect of a four-month physical fitness program on a young and an old group matched for physical fitness.

A young (X = 36.8 years) and an old (X = 52.9 years) group (n = 12) matched for physical fitness performed a graded exercise test at the beginning and after a 4-month physical fitness program consisting of calisthenics, jogging, and recreational activities. The purpose of the study was to determine if there were any differences in response to physical training in the two age groups of similar fitness. Sixteen physiological and four biochemical variables were measured. There was no significant difference in VO2 max between the young and old groups. Also, there were no significant differences between groups for serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose levels. The effects of the training program were similar for both the young and old groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Overexertion injuries in keep-fit athletes. A study on overexertion injuries among non-competitive keep-fit athletes.

During three years, 274 exertion injuries in middle-aged keep-fit athletes were collected. A keep-fit athlete was a person, who regularly took part in noncompetitive sports activities. Exertion injury was a nontraumatic pain syndrome in the musculo-skeletal system. In the material, there were 35 women and 239 men. Most of them were 30--39 years old. Most exertion injuries took place in July, August, and September. About 80% of the patients were joggers. 80% of them had been training regularly for more than one year. At the moment of occurence of the symptoms, 68% of the patients trained 3--5 times a week. Joggers ran approx. 40 km/week. About 30% of the injuries took place in the knee, 24% in the ankle, heel and foot, 17% in the leg, and 9% in the achilles tendon. Almost one fifth of the pain syndromes were chronic in nature. The majority responded well to rest and to conservative treatment. Fifteen cases were treated surgically. Most of the exertion injuries were typical exertion syndromes seen also in competitive athletes. Others were degenerative changes, organic anomalies etc., which revealed their first symptoms during regular keep-fit activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Fitness to work: fitness to travel.

1. According to Edwards (1988), "Fitness to work means being able to do the tasks involved effectively and without risk to one's own, or to others' health and safety." 2. Travel hazards can be biological, chemical, physical, and psychological in nature. 3. Travel hazard management includes pre- and posttravel health assessments, immunization, use of antimalarials, travel kit preparation, health insurance coverage, compliance to country admission regulations, and country-specific health and cultural briefing. 4. Educational and preventive practices are needed to prepare employees for high risk international travel. Through counseling and advice, occupational health services can help employees and employers with health risk management. High risk travel can be lowered to a moderate-low risk situation.

Health Education↗
PubMed1990

ICSH recommendations for the analysis of red cell, white cell and platelet size distribution curves. Methods for fitting a single reference distribution and assessing its goodness of fit. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. ICSH Expert Panel on Cytometry.

The algorithm in Figure 7 summarizes the overall approach to fitting a single reference distribution. If no statistically significant difference is found, the investigation should assess whether the power of the chi-squared test was insufficient to detect differences of practical significance. If a statistical difference is found, Appendices B and C and Figure 6 may be used to determine whether the sample size and the power have led to the detection of an effect size too small to be of importance.

Algorithms↗