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Results for “Fluoride tolerance”

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14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of fluoride tolerance-related pathways and differentially expressed genes in silkworm strain XSKD.

XueSong KD (XSKD) silkworm strain exhibits prominent fluoride tolerance, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of fluoride tolerance remains unclear. In the present study, fourth-instar pre-molting XSKD silkworms were used as experimental materials for integrated transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses. In total, 572 differentially expressed genes and 90 differential metabolites were screened. GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment based on the hypergeometric distribution model revealed that 13-Hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-(S)-HODE) acts as the core differential metabolite, which is significantly enriched in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway. Within this pathway, LOC101737302 and CYP338A1 display opposite expression trends and show correlations with pathway metabolites. Based on multi-omics data, this study preliminarily characterizes the lipid metabolic response under fluoride stress, providing omics dataset support for further in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanism of fluoride tolerance in silkworms.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of fluoride on livestock.

Animals normally ingest small amounts of fluorides in their diet with no adverse effect. An increased ingestion of fluoride can be harmful to animals, and grazing animals can be damaged by the consumption of high-fluoride vegetation. Cattle have been the species most commonly affected, and the symptoms of excessive fluoride ingestion in that species include; lesions in the developing dentition, skeletal lesions, lameness, chemical evidence of tissue fluoride ingestion in that species include: lesions in the developing take and decrease in production. The level of fluoride which can be tolerated by various species with no adverse effect has been determined, and this data can be used to set a standard to protect animals from the deleterious effect of fluoride ingestion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Ten years domestic salt fluoridation in Hungary.

Results are presented regarding the caries reduction achieved over a 10 yr period using 250 mg F per kg of domestic salt, and compared with data from a fluoridated water area and a control group. The frequency of caries-free children in the 4 to 6, 7 to 11 and 12 to 14 age range in the experimental group rose from 8.06%, 4.74% and 1.43% to 46.75%, 43.98% and 7.92% respectively, and dmft and DMFT indices dropped from 5.35, 3.62 and 6.60 to 2.80, 1.45 and 3.65. There was no significant change in the percentage of caries-free children or in the indices of the control group. The ratio of dmft and DMFT to teeth and the differences in the extent of caries among specified teeth are also presented. The data support the assumption that fluoridated salt prevents dental caries both in deciduous and permanent dentitions. The results were similar as those obtained in a water fluoride area. The optimum and tolerated F intake water and salt ingestion, F intake from foods and the urinary F levels are also discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Non-hormonal drug treatment in Paget's disease].

The activity of a therapeutic drug against Paget's disease is judged by a reduction in the level of hydroxyprolinuria and of alkaline phosphatasaemia, these being the metabolic signs of the bone changes, and by a decrease in bone pain which may accompany the bone changes in Paget's disease. The effect of aspirin is only moderate and is produced only with large doses that are often not well tolerated. The cortisone drugs are also active only at high doses that should be avoided. The action of sodium fluoride is uncertain. Mithramycin is always effective; it leads to a decrease in the levels of hydroxyprolinuria and of alkaline phosphatosaemia and to disappearance of the pain. At the dose levels used by the authors, mithramycin induces only certain metabolic anomalies (rise in transaminases, decrease in the prothrombin level...) which return to normal at the end of treatment. However, the long-term tolerance of mithramycin is unknown and the authors think that its use in cases of Paget's disease should be severely restricted. Sodium etidronate, a diphosphonate that inhibits both bone resorption and osteoformation also decreases regularly the levels of hydroxyprolinuria and of alkaline phosphatasemia and often decreases the pain. It is usually well tolerated. However at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg/day it may lead to the development of osteomalacia.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Biological availability of Ossin, a sodium-fluoride dragee for osteoporosis therapy].

The bioavailability of Ossin, a drug for the treatment of osteoporosis, containing 40 mg of NaF, was investigated. Because of the enteric coating of the tablet, intestinal absorption occurs when the tablet leaves the stomach. The sustained release of the F--in the intestine results in a slow F-- -absorption. Maximal F-- -serum concentrations are reached more than 4 hours after absorption has begun. In contrast to non-sustained release NaF tablets the slow absorption of Ossin leads to lower, and less variable F-- -serum concentrations. Following administration of 1 tablet Ossii b.i.d., the steady state concentrations were between 130 and 220 ng/ml. The absorption was at least 86%. As calculated by the renal F-- -elimination, the therapeutically important F-- -retention in bone amounted to more than 50%. The enteric coating of the Ossin tablets, the low and relatively steady F-- -serum concentrations and the high F-- -retention in bone, are expected to contribute to an improvement in tolerance and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1975

Metabolic arrest of the ischemic heart.

Procaine, hypocalcemia, magnesium, fluoride, adrenochrome, and tetrodotoxin have been used to induce metabolic arrest of the heart and increase its tolerance to ischemia. Prolonged periods of ischemic cardiac arrest without measurable deterioration of cardiac function are possible. The application of these techniques in the repair of intracardiac lesions deserves further study.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Urinary fluoride levels of population groups consuming salts different in fluoride concentration.

The effect of urinary level of a prolonged consumption of table salts containing 200, 250 or 350 mg/kg of fluoride has been studied. Urinary F concentration was increasing with all the three kinds of salt. In the group of consumers using 200 and 250 mg F/kg salt the equilibrium has been reached, but the urinary F level was still below that observed in populations who are drinking water of 1 mg/l F concentration. The equilibrium in the 2--14-year age groups consuming 350 mg F/kg salt could not yet set in. It is concluded that even a mixture of 350 mg F/kg is not in excess of the optimum and is far from the tolerated limit. Thus, this latter mixture may be used for caries prevention in areas with F-deficient drinking water, although it may be still less than the optimum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Alleviation of fluorine toxicity in starting turkeys and chicks with aluminum.

Aluminum (Al) compounds were evaluated as fluorine (F) toxicity alleviators in starting broiler chicks and turkeys. Added F levels from NaF ranged from 0 to 1000 ppm, whereas Al levels varied from 0 to 800 ppm. Al was fed either as Al2O3 or Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O. When fed as the sulphate salt, 800 ppm of Al completely prevented the toxic effect of at least 1000 ppm of F. Al2O3 was not effective as an alleviator of fluorine toxicity. When the mode of action of Al2(SO4)3.18H2O against F toxicity was studied in colostomized turkeys it was apparent that F absorption occurred but was probably less efficient than previously reported in ruminants. Al significantly (P less than .05) reduced F absorption in turkeys. Urinary F levels were: 2.4 ppm in birds fed a control diet (26 ppm F), 17.8 ppm in birds fed a diet with 1000 ppm F, and 6.7 ppm in birds fed the high F diet with 800 ppm Al as the sulphate salt. In addition, data from this study indicated that starting broiler chicks were more tolerant (800 ppm F) than starting turkeys (600 ppm F) to fluorine toxicosis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1975

Biotransformation in man and clinical toxicity of volatile anesthetics.

Delayed toxic reactions following general anesthesia are dependent on biotransformation of ansethetic drugs. Up to ten grams of metabolites of the more extensively metabolized volatile anesthetics may undergo irreversible intracellular binding. This could contribute importantly to the incidence of hepatic necrosis. A second important cause of toxic reactions is production of toxic metabolites. Nephrotoxicity with impairment of urine concentrating ability following methhoxyflurane anesthesia correlates best with blood fluoride levels and total urinary oxalate. A possible role of enzyme induction in hepatic and hepatorenal failure following, fluroxene anesthesia is suggested by recent studies in the monkey, which demonstrate that pretreatment with phenobarbital results in increased production of a toxic metabolite and conversion of a well tolerated anesthesia to a rapidly lethal one. Improvement in the safety to general anesthesia can be expected from either of two developments: production of anesthetics which are resistant to biotransformation, or development of drugs which will inhibit biotrasnformation during and immediately following anesthesia when maximum rates of biotransformation tend to occur. An important additional safeguard will have been achieved when a successful method is found to identify before exposure patients who may susceptible to delayed toxic reactions.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

Nitrate reductase of Dunaliella parva: electron donor specificity and heat activation.

Nitrate reductase of the salt tolerant alga Dunaliella parva, in contrast to that of most green algae, can use NADPH as well as NADH as electron donor. Extracts of cells contained various amounts of latent nitrate reductase. The latent enzyme could be activated at 45 degrees C but only in the presence of flavine adenine dinucleotide. The heat activated enzyme did not require flavine adenine dinucleotide for activity and was fully active with NADH, NADPH or reduced flavine mononucleotide as electron donors.

Chlorophyta↗
PubMed1979

Development of functional dependence on ethanol in dopaminergic systems.

Withdrawal of mice from chronic ethanol treatment results in a decreased responsiveness of striatal (but not mesolimbic) dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity to stimulation by dopamine. This subsensitivity is not apparent at the time of withdrawal from chronic feeding of ethanol, when animals are still intoxicated, but becomes evident as ethanol is eliminated from the animals. Addition of ethanol in vitro to tissue homogenates from ethanol-withdrawn animals, at concentrations similar to those found in brain at the time of withdrawal, normalizes the response of the adenylate cyclase to dopamine. No difference is evident between control and ethanol-withdrawn animals in stimulation of adenylate cyclase by sodium fluoride. The specificity of the response of striatal adenylate cyclase to stimulation by dopamine, as compared to other transmitters, is unaltered by chronic ethanol feeding. Chronic treatment with ethanol and withdrawal also does not affect the specific binding of spiroperidol in either striatal or mesolimbic regions. It is suggested that the decreased response of adenylate cyclase to dopamine in ethanol-withdrawn animals results from decreased efficiency of coupling between dopamine "receptor" sites and catalytic units of adenylate cyclase.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1976

Lowering of innate resistance of the lungs to the growth of blood-borne cancer cells in states of topical and systemic stress.

The survival and clonogenic growth (measured in terms of colony forming efficiency (CFE) of intravenously injected (i.v.) Walker (W256) tumour cells in the lungs of rats was greatly enhanced by states of topical and systemic stress induced by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of rats with a single dose of 10(-5)-10(-3) mmol g-1 body weight of adrenaline and other beta-adrenergic agonists, inflammatory agents (including local x-irradiation), convulsive seizures, "tumbling" or physical restraint. Lowering of innate resistance of the host to growth of seeded tumour cells induced by states of topical and systemic stress, and by the addition of an excess of lethally irradiated (LI) tumour cells to i.v. injected intact tumour cells, were all potentiated by treatment of rats with aminophylline, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Enhancement of tumour growth by systemic stress was inhibited by bilateral total or medullary adrenalectomy and is attributed to the release and actions of endogenous adreno-medullary hormones. Alpha-adrenergic and most non-adrenergic agents administered in maximum tolerated doses did not significantly affect host resistance to tumour growth in the lungs. These findings, correlated with measurements of cyclic AMP in the lungs of normal and stressed rats, suggest that changes in the resistance of the host to tumour growth involve changes in cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the target tissues (tumour bed); possible mechanisms of action of cyclic nucleotides in this respect are discussed.

Adrenalectomy↗