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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Radioimmunoassays of ethinyl-norgestrienone (R-2323) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and their clinical applicability.

Radioimmunoassays for 2 synthetic progestins (Ethinyl-norgestrienone, R 2323 and medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) are demonstrated. 10 patients aged 31 to 72 years were treated with ethinyl-norgestrienone with different schedules and 3 men suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy were treated with medroxygesterone acetate. Plasma levels of testosterone, LH, FSH were monitored before, during and after treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Recovery of preimplantation blastocysts in the squirrel monkey by a laparoscopic technique.

A laparoscopic uterine flushing technique has been developed for the recovery of preimplantation embryos from the squirrel monkey. Fourteen adult female squirrel monkeys were induced to ovulate with 4 or 5 days' treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone (1 mg) followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (500 IU). Natural mating with a fertile male or artificial insemination was performed near the time of ovulation. Thirty-six hours and eleven days after HCG administration, the females were laparoscoped to determine whether ovulation had occurred. Under laparoscopic control, 1.2 to 3 ml of warmed saline were flushed through the uterine lumen 4 to 7 and 15 to 17 days after HCG administration. Flushed fluid was recovered with a plyethylene catheter or a Pasteur pipette inserted into the cleaned vagina. Fifty-eight uterine flushings were performed, with an average of 65.4% fluid recovery. Six nonfertilized ova and two preimplantation blastocysts were recovered by this technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of aging on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis in female rats.

The failure of reproductive function in aged rats could be due to deficiencies at the level of the ovary, pituitary, hypothalamus, or higher brain centers. The classic explanation that the ovary is depleted of follicles does not receive adequate support on the basis of histologic studies of aged ovaries. Basal serum gonadotropin levels change with increasing age in female rats. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise while serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels fall. Likewise, the characteristic response to castration is markedly altered in aged female rats with a reduced secretion of FSH and a minimal elevation of LH. However, the pituitaires of these animals are still caapable of responding to exogenous LH-releasing hormone with a delayed LH response whose magnitude simulates that seen in younger female animals. With increasing age there is decreased pituitary and/or hypothalamic sensitivity to the feedback action of estradiol. These data are consistent with the postulation that there is an altered hypothalamic-hypophyseal function in aged rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Restoration of the gonadotrophin response to LH-RH and oestrogen administration in patients after molar abortion.

The relation of the hypothalamic-pituitary effect on gonadotrophin secretion and the concentration of serum hCG after molar abortion was investigated. Gonadotrophin release after a bolus injection of LH-RH or conjugated oestrogens was observed in 17 women until 5 months after molar abortion. Little if any response of gonadotrophin was observed at a hCG level of 100 mIU/ml or more, but the response of LH and FSH to LH-RH were restored to normal when the serum hCG level decreased to below 100 mIU/ml. A normal response of LH to conjugated oestrogens was observed at a serum hCG level of 20 mIU/ml or less. These findings suggest that a high level of hCG interferes with pituitary gonadotrophin secretion, that the threshold hCG levels for normal responses of gonadotrophins to LH-RH and oestrogen are 100 and 20 mIU/ml, respectively, and that secretion of gonadotrophins is restored even in the presence of a low hCG level.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Binding of LH and FSH to porcine granulosa cells during follicular maturation.

The uptake of 125I-labelled LH by equal numbers of granulosa cells from small, medium or large follicles was greater by cells from large follicles. In contrast, granulosa cells obtained from small follicles bound much more 125I-labelled FSH per cell than did cells obtained from medium and large follicles. Competition studies with unlabelled hormones indicated that porcine granulosa cells have specific receptors for LH and FSH. The addition of diethylstilboestrol enhanced the binding of 125I-labelled LH and inhibited the binding of 125I-labelled FSH to granulosa cells harvested from small and medium-sized follicles, but had no effect on those from large follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Steroid sex hormones and prolactin in postmenopausal women with generalized mammary carcinoma during prolonged dexamethasone treatment.

The endocrine response to prolonged dexamethasone treatment was investigated in six postmenopausal women with generalized mammary carcinoma. Plasma cortisol levels decreased rapidly and became undetectable whereas significant concentrations of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione persisted throughout the study, even in two ovariectomized patients, indicating a certain degree of autonomy or a greater resistance of adrenal 'androgens' to the inhibition of ACTH secretion. Except in the ovariectomized patients, plasma testosterone did not fall significantly whereas the plasma oestrogens tended progressively towards undetectable concentrations. A similar response was found in six normal postmenopausal women although the disappearance of their oestrogens was relatively rapid. This indicates that much of the testosterone present after the menopause could still be produced by the ovaries whereas the ovarian production of oestrogens becomes negligible. The delayed disappearance of oestrogens in the patients with mammary carcinoma indicates that the persisting adrenal 'androgens' remained efficient precursors of oestrogen synthesis within the peripheral tissues and presumably within the mammary tumour itself. Plasma dihydrotestosterone behaved like the plasma oestrogens. Despite the fall in plasma oestrogens, plasma gonadotrophins did not increase further but plasma prolactin rose progressively. The persistance of steroid sex hormones and the rise of plasma prolactin might explain the poor response to dexamethasone treatment in mammary carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Premature ovarian failure.

Twelve cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) are described. The clinical, hormonal, histopathologic and cytogenetic studies of each patient have been presented. The scope and the limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy are discussed, as is the importance of radioimmunoassay of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (FSH/LH) in comparison to ovarian biopsy for the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. A plea is made for the early diagnosis of POF so that these young women can be spared the expensive and time-consuming treatment for the associated problem of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pituitary and ovarian response to acute stimulation with LH-RH in normal and anovulatory women.

The LH FSH estradiol and progesterone responses to acute stimulation with LH-RH were studied in 12 normal women with ovulatory cycles (4 in the initial follicular phase, 4 in the mid-follicular phase and 4 in the late follicular phase) and in two castrated women, two under hormonal contraception, two with ovarian amenorrhea, twelve with central amenorrhea of no detectable origin (6 with normal and 6 with low basal gonadotrophins), eleven anovulatory patients with pseudomenstruation, two with anorexia nervosa, and two with pituitary amenorrhea. Each woman received a rapid i.v. injection of 100 microgram synthetic LH-RH at 9:00 a.m. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in samples collected before and 60, 120, 240 and 480 minutes after injection. The findings were : 1) A significant rise in estradiol and progesterone levels, in addition to LH and FSH elevation, in normal women; 2) A lack of ovarian steroid response in the castrated women and in ovarian amenorrheas, which suggests that the source of steroid response to stimulation is not extragonadal; 3) Significant differences in the responses of the four hormones to LH-RH in the women with central amenorrhea in comparison with the normal group with great variability of results; the steroid response in the presence of a positive LH response might correlate with the severity and/or prognosis of the disorder, a point deserving further study; 4) In anovulatory women with pseudomenstruation, LH responses for the most part normal, and particularly, progesterone responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pure crystalline estradiol pellet implantation for contraception.

The subcutaneous implantation of estradiol pellets was found to be a simple and effective contraceptive method with good patient acceptance and minimal untoward effects. The pellets (25 mg each) were implanted through a Kearn's trocar into the abdominal wall, 2.5 to 5 cm above and parallel to Poupart's ligament. The regimen began with four pellets, and the dose was maintained or decreased by one pellet every 6 months (four, three, two, one). A potent progestogen was utilized monthly for induction of withdrawal bleeding. Altogether, 236 patients were followed for a total of 1,060 courses in 6,360 cycles (489,02 woman-years). Two pregnancies occurred during therapy. Pearl's index was 0.37. No significant alterations occurred in body weight and blood pressure. Glucose tolerance test, standard blood profiles, and Papanicolaou smears were normal during therapy. No cases of thrombophlebitis, blurred vision, headaches, gastric symptoms, or amenorrhea-galactorrhea were observed. The suppression of ovulation was confirmed by endometrial biopsies, basal body temperature, and serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in a selected group of patients.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1975

Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism. Investigative procedures.

In patients with hypogonadism, the exact cause of the deficient androgenisation is not always clinically apparent. The data presented demonstrate that by means of hormone measurements, basally or after stimulation tests, the exact level of the lesion can usually be determined. This allows a decision with regard to appropriate therapy to be made on the basis of an accurate diagnosis. In many instances basal measurements of pituitary and gonadal hormones are all that is required to decide the level of the lesion. Care in interpreting basal levels is required, however, in view of methodological limitations and of known physiological variations with age, time of day and hour-to-hour fluctuations. If the basal hormone levels are borderline, or if the 'reserve function' of part or all of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis needs to be assessed, than the appropriate stimulation test should be performed. The indication for these stimulation procedures and results obtained in different conditions are described and problems of interpretation discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A syndrome of functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and sterility in a male with elevated serum estradiol.

A 36-year-old male complaining of impotence was examined. He was a genotypic male. Phenotypically, he exhibited signs of long-standing estrogen excess, such as feminine body build, gynecomastia, and varicose veins. His testes were soft and borderline small, and his prostate was small and soft. However, he had a normal-sized penis, normal male hair distribution, normal sense of smell, and normal intelligence. The laboratory data were compatible with mild hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Serum estradiol (E2) levels were consistently elevated. The patient had azoospermia and a decreased semen volume. Inappropriately low levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone responded normally to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and clomiphene citrate. Levels of both testosterone (T) and E2 increased dramatically after prolonged clomiphene medication and in response to human chorionic gonadotropin. There was no change in either T or E2 levels in response to manipulations of the pituitary-adrenal axis. It is concluded that the elevated E2 level was responsible for suppression of gonadotropins which, in turn, caused mild hypogonadism and sterility in this patient. According to the stimulation tests, the source of the elevated E2 levels was testicular.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Changes of serum testosterone and of LH-RH test after treatment of cryptorchidism by intranasal LH-RH.

The aim of the present investigation was to study, in a collaborative double-blind study, the treatment with intranasal LH-RH application of boys aged 1 1/2 to 12 years, who suffered from unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism. A total of 88 subjects were randomly and blindly allocated to LH-RH and placebo therapy. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment basal testosterone serum levels were estimated and LH-RH tests were performed. Intranasal treatment with LH-RH resulted in partial or complete descents of testes in 23 out of 88 patients, whereas the position of testes remained unchanged in 17 subjects. 42 boys did not respond to placebo therapy, but complete descents were observed in 6 boys of the placebo group. Hormone analysis data of 4 different laboratories were recorded and statistically evaluated. No changes of LH, FSH and testosterone were found in the placebo groups. Only patients of the Frankfurt group responded to LH-RH test with augmented LH release after therapy (P less than 0.05). All patients treated with intranasal LH-RH showed a significant decrease of FSH release after therapy (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01). Basal testosterone serum levels were found to be increased after therapy only in the patients treated at Zürich (P less than 0.05). Data of the present study combine to suggest that chronic application of LH-RH may result in an overstimulation phenomenon, and that LH-RH test as well as basal testosterone levels cannot be used as prognostic index of therapy efficacy.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1978

Detection of ovulation by a radioreceptor assay for human luteinizing hormone.

A specific, sensitive, and rapid radioreceptor assay (RRA), employing membranes from bovine testes as receptor and [125I]hLH as radioligand, has been developed for measurement of human LH in serum. This RRA was used to determine the time of ovulation in seven women. For comparison, four hourly values around midcycle were measured by RIA. The sensitivity of the RRA was 0.78 ng/ml serum and could be increased by prolonged incubation. The coefficient of within and between assay variation at the 50% inhibition level was 7% and 13%, respectively. The mean index of discrimination (RRA/RIA) was 1.02, expressed by the slope of the regression curve. The coefficient of correlation was 0.97. In all women, the LH surge was detected by RRA, and the subsequent ovulation was verified within 30 h by endoscopic examination of the ovaries, as well as serum progesterone concentrations of more than 5 ng/ml on the fifth day after ovulation. As shown, prospective ovulation timing can be done by this simple and accurate method. The RRA can be useful in infertility therapy such as artificial insemination.

Adult↗