PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Food Additives”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Hidden food ingredients, chemical food additives and incomplete food labels.

Many foods and medications containing hidden ingredients are described; labelling is usually incomplete and often misleading. Patients sensitive to foods and chemicals are advised to read and interpret labels. Consumers, manufacturers, government agencies and allergists should cooperate to ensure an adequate national food supply without unduly jeopardizing an increasingly sensitive population.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Food additives.

The use of additives to food fulfils many purposes, as shown by the index issued by the Codex Committee on Food Additives: Acids, bases and salts; Preservatives, Antioxidants and antioxidant synergists; Anticaking agents; Colours; Emulfifiers; Thickening agents; Flour-treatment agents; Extraction solvents; Carrier solvents; Flavours (synthetic); Flavour enhancers; Non-nutritive sweeteners; Processing aids; Enzyme preparations. Many additives occur naturally in foods, but this does not exclude toxicity at higher levels. Some food additives are nutrients, or even essential nutritents, e.g. NaCl. Examples are known of food additives causing toxicity in man even when used according to regulations, e.g. cobalt in beer. In other instances, poisoning has been due to carry-over, e.g. by nitrate in cheese whey - when used for artificial feed for infants. Poisonings also occur as the result of the permitted substance being added at too high levels, by accident or carelessness, e.g. nitrite in fish. Finally, there are examples of hypersensitivity to food additives, e.g. to tartrazine and other food colours. The toxicological evaluation, based on animal feeding studies, may be complicated by impurities, e.g. orthotoluene-sulfonamide in saccharin; by transformation or disappearance of the additive in food processing in storage, e.g. bisulfite in raisins; by reaction products with food constituents, e.g. formation of ethylurethane from diethyl pyrocarbonate; by metabolic transformation products, e.g. formation in the gut of cyclohexylamine from cyclamate. Metabolic end products may differ in experimental animals and in man: guanylic acid and inosinic acid are metabolized to allantoin in the rat but to uric acid in man. The magnitude of the safety margin in man of the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is not identical to the "safety factor" used when calculating the ADI. The symptoms of Chinese Restaurant Syndrome, although not hazardous, furthermore illustrate that the whole ADI cannot always be ingested as a single dose on an empty stomach with impunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Principles of the hygienic standardization of extraneous substances (food additives and admixtures) in food products].

At the root of hygienic standardization of extraneous substances on the ground toxicological experimentation there lies the notion of the noxious action threshold and of the maximum permissible concentration of the substance (MPC). The influence of diverse environmental factors of low intensity on man should not bring forth even temporary disturbances of the homeostasis, including the reproductive function, as well as the strain on defensive and adaptive compensatory mechanisms during the whole of the life span. There arises the need for elaborating indicators that might characterize the "viability" of the organism, or, in other words, the possibility of its performing all the functions that are inherent in a given species. In setting up a biological experiment the maximum attention should be concentrated on integral tests and behavioral reactions that reflect general processes proceeding in the organism, as well as on utilization of "functional loads" that reveal the physiological reliability, on a study of late after-effects at all stages marking the development of the species, but, especially, on bearing in mind the possibility of emerging teratogenic properties. Much study still requires the problem of "indirect" toxic effect of extraneous substances and also of a stringent recording of the food ration for the test animals, which plays an important part in the protection, or, conversely, the debiliation of the organism.

Animals↗