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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Association Analyses of Bitter Food Preferences Link Genetic Loci to Sensory and Metabolic Pathways.

BACKGROUND: Genetic variation is implicated in individual preferences for bitter-tasting foods. However, previous studies have focused on candidate genes and limited varieties of bitter-tasting foods and have treated food preference scale responses as continuous data. OBJECTIVES: The present investigation aimed to identify genetic variants associated with preferences for bitter-tasting foods using ordinal multinomial regression models in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In addition, post-GWAS functional annotation and mapping, genetic correlations, and associations with dietary intake were examined. METHODS: Food preference and genome-wide genotyping data were used from the UK Biobank (n = 125,578). Preference data from Likert scale rankings (from 1 to 9) for 12 individual foods were analyzed using ordinal multinomial regression GWAS. In addition, 1 composite continuous variable was created for preference for cruciferous vegetables as a group and analyzed using a linear mixed-model GWAS to enable the calculation of a polygenic score (PGS) for cruciferous vegetable preference. Convergent validity of GWAS results was assessed with dietary intake data for the same food items in the CARTaGENE cohort (n = 8176). Post-GWAS gene-level and pathway-level association analyses were conducted in MAGMA (Multimarker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation). RESULTS: Forty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for preferences for 11 bitter-tasting foods at a genome-wide significance level (P < 7.14 &#xd7; 10-9). Gene-set analysis for enrichment identified pathways related to caffeine metabolism and bitter taste perception for preference of coffee without sugar and grapefruit, respectively. Genes with higher expression in brain tissues showed stronger genetic associations with cruciferous vegetable preference. The PGS for cruciferous vegetable preference was weakly correlated with intake (r = 0.05, P < 0.0001), but individual SNPs were not associated with intake in a consistent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation contributes to preferences for bitter-tasting foods among adults, and some links with food intake are detectable. Nevertheless, effect sizes are small and inconsistent, reflecting the multifactorial complexity of food intake.

bitter taste↗
PubMed1979

Food preferences of some United Kingdom residents.

A food preference questionnaire was completed by 1304 people. There were considerable differences in food preferences related to age, sex, and area of residence of the respondents. In spite of these differences, five distinct clusters of foods showing similar preference patterns were indentified. These clusters were of sweet fruits, meats, vegetables, alcoholic beverages, and some high carbohydrate foods. The cause of the clustering was uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Food preferences of enlisted personnel in the Armed Forces.

A food preference survey, consisting of 378 food names, was administered to approximately 3,900 personnel of the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. The survey required the respondent to indicate how much he liked each food (hedonic scale) and how often he wanted it served (preferred frequency scale). Overall, food preferences showed relative popularity of beverages, breakfast foods, and entrées, unpopularity of soups and vegetables, and moderate popularity of the other food classes. Items of particularly high or low preference are statistically identified within each food class. The collection and presentation of these data are intended to assist menu planners of the Armed Forces, as well as others interested in this age group (young men under twenty-six years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of spiperone on feeding performance in a food preference test.

Spiperone reduced latency to feed and prolonged the total duration of feeding in a food-preference test in which novel and familiar foods were presented simultaneously to food-deprived rats. The increase in feeding duration could be accounted for in terms of an increase in time devoted to eating the novel foods, leaving the time devoted to eating the familiar food relatively unaltered. However, closer analysis of the data revealed that, at the level of mean duration of individual eating episodes, spiperone prolonged the eating-episode duration equally for both novel and familiar foods. This apparent paradox was resolved by noting that whilst spiperone did not alter the number of eating episodes in the test, it did alter the ratio of eating episodes in favour of novel foods. The data was incorporated into a control system model which depicts actions of spiperone in the food-preference situation with total eating duration as the final behavioural output.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Food-choice in a food-preference test: comparison of two mouse strains and the effects of chlordiazepoxide treatment.

In male mice of the C57 strain, chlordiazepoxide (CDP) (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) reduced the latency to begin eating and prolonged the total time devoted to eating in a food-preference test. The increase in feeding duration arose from an increase in the mean duration of individual eating episodes and not from a change in the number of episodes that were initiated. In contrast, in male mice of the A2G strain CDP (at the same dose levels) did not reduce the latency to begin eating and only prolonged the total time devoted to eating at a single dose level (5.0 mg/kg). The two strains differed in their choice between novel and familiar foods that were concurrently available in the test. The A2G mice virtually ignored the palatable novel foods and devoted all their feeding to the familiar food. The C57 strain, however, spent more time eating the novel foods than the familiar food. CDP at all doses increased the duration of feeding devoted to familiar food in the C57 animals, but did not increase feeding duration in the A2G mice. However, CDP (10.0 mg/kg) increased the time spent eating novel foods in both strains to the same degree. Possible mechanisms underlying the effect of CDP on food-preference behaviour in mice and accounting for the strain difference in response to CDP are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Protein deprivation in primates: XII. food preferences of juvenile rhesus monkeys.

21 male and 18 female juvenile rhesus monkeys whose mothers' prenatal diets varied according to protein content (either 1-, 2-, or 4-gm protein/kg body weight/day) were given a food-preference task. 20 monkeys were between 3 and 4 yr. old; 19 were between 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 yr. old. For each trial small pieces of the same type food were placed in 8 equally spaced wells about the circumference of a circular tray held outside each monkey's cage. Responsiveness to the 21 natural foods (assorted cheeses, meats, vegetables, nuts, cereals, fruits, and candies) offered 3 times on 3 different occasions was measured by recording number of pieces taken, number eaten, and elapsed time for taking all 8 pieces. All 3 measures were highly correlated. All diet groups exhibited the same general order of preference, males taking and eating more food pieces faster than females. Order of preference was significantly different for old versus young juveniles, with older juveniles' preferences more similar to those of adult female monkeys given the same task. The most notable differences in eating behavior were that younger juveniles played with their food and were less finicky about what they ate. Results suggest that food preferences of juvenile monkeys are not altered as a consequence of their mothers' prenatal protein deprivation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Effect of sex and reproductive status on sucrose preference, food intake, and body weight of dogs.

In a study of preferences for diets containing 1% to 20% sucrose over a bland diet, both female and male dogs preferred the diets containing sucrose over a bland diet, but female dogs had a significantly (P less than 0.05) greater preference for 1% sucrose than did males. Differences between sexes were not observed at the higher concentrations. Mean daily caloric intake was calculated for 12 bitches fed ad libitum during metestrus, estrus, and anestrus, as determined from metachrome-stained vaginal smears. Mean daily caloric intake was lowest during estrus (149 +/- 17 kcal/kg of body weight), was higher during metestrus (159 +/- 8 kcal/kg of body weight), and was highest (175 +/- 9 kcal/kg of body weight) during anestrus. Ovariohysterectomized bitches gained significantly (P less than 0.01) more weight (1.3 +/- 0.3 kg) in the first 10 days after surgery than did sham operated controls (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg). Food intake also was significantly greater ( less than 0.01) in the ovariohysterectomized bitches (1,708 kcal/day) than in the sham operated controls (1,423 kcal/day). Depth of subcutaneous fat in shoulder, rib, and rump areas of ovariohysterectomized bitches was not significantly different from that of intact bitches.

Anestrus↗
PubMed1978

Enhanced choice of familiar food in a food preference test after chlordiazepoxide administration.

Chlordiazepoxide (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) increased the time spent eating familiar laboratory chow, in a food-choice test in which both familiar and novel food objects were available. Chlordiazepoxide did not affect the feeding response to the novel food. Prior handling of the rats and repeat testing affected feeding responses in the test, although in ways which were different from and independent of the effect of chlordiazepoxide. Chlordiazepoxide may facilitate feeding responses by a direct enhancement of feeding motivation, and not necessarily secondarily by either a release of suppression of feeding or as attenuation of anxiety evoked by unfamiliarity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Foraging patterns of nonhuman primates and the nature of food preferences in man.

1) There are a variety of foraging and dietary patterns among primates; different species have generally obligate food habits. 2) There are a number of convergent dietary patterns among primates that are not taxonomically dependent; closely related species may have very different food habits, while the diets of unrelated forms may be quite similar. 3) At least at a general level, relationships exist between dietary patterns and alimentary tract adaptations. Further comparative studies of the histology of the gut tract of primates in conjunction with detailed and quantitative studies of the food habits of natural populations are needed to determine if more precise dietary/digestive tract relationships exist. Studies of this type should lead to a better understanding of digestive physiology. However, whether we can ever determine the "natural diet" of man by such comparisons, of course, still remains an unanswered question.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Intestinal bypass surgery for obesity decreases food intake and taste preferences.

Food intake was measured in 22 obese patients before and after jejunioleostomy for obesity. Most of the weight loss could be accounted for by the observed reduction of caloric intake. Malabsorption was also present as indicated by increased loss of fat in the stools, and decreased absorption of D-xylose and vitamin B12. A dislike for sweet tastes developed after surgery in most patients. Preferences for concentrated solutions of sucrose and glucose were reduced after patients showed a depression of food intake by a 440-calorie preload which had not been detected before surgery. These studies show a decrease in food intake after intestinal bypass surgery and suggest a role for taste or other gastrointestinal factors in regulating food intake.

Adult↗