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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The effect of haemorrhage and bone fracture on bone marrow circulation.

Blood flow was measured in the bone marrow and trabecular bone of the dog using 133Xe and hydrogen clearance technique. Estimated from hydrogen wash-out curves, flow in the marrow of the femoral diaphysis was 0.207 ml.min(-1).g(-1), in the marrow of the humerus 0.123ml.min(-1).g(-1) and in the trabecular bone of femoral metaphysis 0.173ml.min(-1).g(-1). Haemorrhagic hypotension and fracture reduced the medullary flow. After haemorrhage an exponential relationship was found between blood pressure and effective bone marrow and muscle blood flow. The correlation between systemic arterial and intramedullary pressures was found to be exponential and between intramedullary pressure and flow linear.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[An experimental study on the effects of the plating method for bone fractures--with reference to bone union and bone strength (author's transl)].

The plating method for bone fractures is in wide use. The author studied both new bone formation and bone atrophy of the cortex of fracture site after long periods of plating. This study is concerned with the bone strength of the fracture site as influenced by rigid plate fixation, and also with bone union after the removal of the plate. The experimental results, using mature rabbits as subjects, showed the following: X-rays of the bone union at the fracture site treated by the plating method confirmed evident union at 8 weeks after surgery. The bone strength at the region of this union, as tested by the bending method (an Instron Type Testing Machine was used), showed its highest values at 28 weeks after surgery. Yet, this was only 60% of the bone strength as measured at a non-fracture site; it then gradually declined in strength. On the other hand, in the case where the plate had been removed 8 weeks after surgery, bone strength was recovered to the same level as that of non-fracture sites 16 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, rigid plate fixation for a long period may result not only in progressive bone atrophy of the cortex but also in a delayed remodeling of the bone at the region of the bone union. It is, therefore, very important to remove the plate as early as possible once union has been achieved. Careful observation, however, is necessary during the short time between plate removal and the period when bone strength becomes again normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Changes in connective tissue metabolism due to bone fractures in children aged 10--14 years. III. Urinary hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan excretion following bone fractures treated in different ways.

Urinary hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan excretion was studied in the course of fracture healing in twenty 10--14-year-old children with fracture of the femur or of the tibia and fibula. In 11 children reduction and plaster cast were used, in 5 osteosynthesis, and in 4 extension of 6--21 days duration combined with immobilization by plaster cast. In the state of resorption, an increase was observed in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and total glycosaminoglycans and in the six glycosaminoglycan fractions studied. As a result of the soft tissue damage accompanying the fracture, the excretion of hyaluronic acid, heparan sulphate, and dermatan sulphate showed the most marked increase. No statistically significant relationship could be demonstrated between the mode of treatment and the amounts of urinary hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan, but the stage of resorption was prolonged in the case of treatment with traction. At the beginning of regeneration, a decrease in hydroxyproline excretion and then an increase corresponding to the intensive synthesis of collagen were demonstrated. Glycosaminoglycan excretion during the development of fibrous callus was considerably below the control value. Excretion of the metabolites decreased markedly in the five operated patients. in the case of extension, the stage of regeneration prolonged by 4 to 10 days. In the stage of calcification, urinary hydroxyproline excretion was increased while the excretion of glycosaminoglycan and its fractions was the same as in the controls except in the patients treated with traction. No statistically significant relationship was found between the urinary amounts of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan and the mode of treatment. In the case of traction, fracture repair and the formation of connective tissue callus were prolonged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Use of the dynamic compression plate for treatment of equine long-bone fractures.

Long-bone fractures of 6 foals admitted consecutively to the Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital were treated successfully with ASIF dynamic compression plating. The cases included 2 foals with closed fracture of the metacarpus, and 1 foal each with open nonunion of the metatarsus, closed fracture of the radius, open fracture of the tibia, and open fracture of the ulna. Five of these foals became sound, with no deformity, so they could be trained for racing or showing. The 6th foal, a filly with nonunion, became "pasture-sound" and was scheduled for breeding. It was concluded that the dynamic compression plates have many advantages over conventional ASIF plates. These advantages include: the plates can be put near the end of bones; screws can be put at an angle other than 90 degrees to the plate; cancellous screws can be used in any hole; plates can be shaped and the screw heads will still fit the holes; less exposure is required; and operating time is shorter.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bilateral longitudinal temporal bone fractures: a retrospective review of seventeen cases.

The types of temporal bone fractures, longitudinal and transverse, are reviewed. All cases of bilateral temporal bone fractures at Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas over a 10-year period from 1968 to 1978 are reivewed and discussed by the authors. One hundred sixty patients with the diagnosis of base of skull fractures were studied. Fifty-nine of these were temporal bone fractures and 17 of the 59 were bilateral. Of all the base of skull fractures, 10% were bilateral temporal bone fractures and 29% of all temporal bone fractures were bilateral. For each case the method of injury, the extent of damage to hearing and facial nerve function, presence of CSF otorrhea, X-ray findings, and additional complications are summarized and the results discussed. The operative findings of facial nerve decompressions are carefully reviewed. The authors' method of caring for temporal bone fractures is presented.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed1979

Clinical and experimental correlations in temporal bone fracture: the facial nerve.

In this review of 50 patients with fracture of the temporal bone, 11 patients had ipsilateral facial paralysis, three of immediate and eight of delayed onset. Eight patients with complete paralysis of the facial nerve had facial nerve decompression; six of these had incomplete return of function. Only one patient with a delayed complete facial paralysis had complete return of function. The poor functional results in patients with delayed complete facial paralysis due to temporal bone fracture encourage facial nerve decompression in all stable patients with the complete facial paralysis of temporal bone fracture.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Functional fracture-bracing of long-bone fractures of the lower extremity in children.

Fifty-six tibial fractures in fifty-five children, sixteen years old or younger, and seventeen femoral fractures in seventeen children in the same age group, seven of them with associated tibial fractures, were treated by fracture-bracing. The tibial fractures healed in an average of 13.2 weeks with no complications that could be attributed to failure of the method. The femoral fractures healed in an average of seventeen weeks. There was an angular femoral deformity of more than 5 degrees in seven of seventeen patients, all but one in fractures of the middle third of the femoral shaft. Of nine distal fractures, only one had angulation of more than 5 degrees. Therefore, the method should be restricted to fractures in the distal third of the femoral shaft. Fracture-bracing gave more freedom to the child and was eminently satisfactory to the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone fractures in children.

Fifty children with temporal bone fractures were treated during a 40-month period. The diagnosis and management of temporal bone fractures in children is reviewed. The author's cases are classified as to longitudinal and transverse fractures, and the figures are presented for age distribution, sex, cause, loss of consciousness, CSF otorrhea, hearing loss, permanent tympanic membrane perforations, and facial nerve involvement. The author has followed a conservative method of management. Permanent impairment was not frequent, although all the patients with transverse fractures suffered total loss of hearing in the involved ear.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Primary operative fixation of long bone fractures in patients with multiple injuries.

Early mobilization is essential for patients with multiple long bone fractures associated with other injuries in order to avoid complications. Therefore, in 1969 we adopted a policy of rigid internal fixation of long bone fractures in such cases. To assess the results of this active treatment a number of consecutive patients were followed. The following conditions were necessary for the case to be included in this series: multiple injuries; treatment at the intensive care unit; and at least two long-bone fractures treated with internal fixation. During the period from 1969 to 1974 47 patients met all requirements. With primary operative fixation of long bone fractures of patients with multiple injuries it was possible to mobilize on crutches 29 patients out of 47 within 2 1/2 months of the accident, and 32 were allowed to leave the hospital within 3 months. With the exception of the death of an 80-year-old woman, no severe complications attributed to the operative treatment of these fractures occurred and 32 out of 47 patients returned to work within 16 months. The results in these 47 cases show that in patients with multiple injuries associated with several long bone fractures, primary internal fixation is preferable to the more conventional conservative methods.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1975

The biomechanics of facial bone fracture.

Selected facial bone locations were impacted to simulate clinical trauma conditions. Locations selected included the nose, zygoma, mandible, maxilla, and frontal bone. The experiment clearly delineate tolerance bands for the facial bones for both sexes. These data should permit the improved design of injury producing structures.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗