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Results for “Freedom of Choice Act”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Direct reimbursement to nurse practitioners: the importance of the Federal Employees Health Care Freedom of Choice Act (H.R. 382).

This article discusses H.R. 382: The Federal Employees Health Care Freedom of Choice Act, first introduced to Congress in 1987. This act would directly reimburse nurses, nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, family and marriage therapists, and chiropractors under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Few third-party payers currently directly reimburse nurse practitioners. Passage of H.R. 382 is important because it would increase health care availability, make provisions for cost-effective care and increase provider choice. Direct reimbursement to nurse practitioners would not increase health insurance premiums, according to the Office of Personnel Management and the Congressional Budget Office. Suggested strategies for nurse practitioners to lobby for the bill are discussed.

Government Agencies↗
PubMed1998

Nurses' reactions to change.

Some nurses adjust well to change, others do not. This study compares age, education, experience, and specialty as they relate to change behaviors of awareness, choice, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in creating change. According to the study, nurses who are most influential in creating positive change are managers and educators.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Contraceptive implants: long acting and provider dependent contraception raises concerns about freedom of choice.

David Bromham's editorial on contraceptive implants ignores the wider issues to voice concern that trial by media could limit contraceptive choice by jeopardising research into new methods. However, it is more beneficial to the public for points of conflict to be debated openly. Furthermore, the impetus for research into new contraceptive technology is driven by profit and political motives and is only marginally affected by the media. Implanted contraceptives may increase the choice of contraceptive methods, but they put control of fertility increasingly into the hands of the medical profession. Herein lies their greatest problem: their potential to increase providers' control over clients' choice. There is the danger that certain groups of women may be targeted for their use: in the United States the coercive use of Norplant for mothers receiving welfare benefit has been suggested. Long acting contraceptives are a contraceptive of choice only when they are available without pressure, as part of a wider menu; when instant removal on request is guaranteed; and when there is an open and free flow of information and opinions between users, health professionals, and special interest groups.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1982

Readiness-potentials preceding unrestricted 'spontaneous' vs. pre-planned voluntary acts.

The nature of readiness-potentials (RPs) that may be associated with fully endogenous, 'freely' voluntary acts was investigated. Restriction on when to act were eliminated and instructions fostered 'spontaneity.' The 'self-initiated' RPs exhibited in these conditions were categorizable into two (possibly three) types, all of which could be exhibited by the same subject. Type I had an early onset at about -1050 +/- 175 msec and a long ramp-like form, resembling self-paced RPs. In type II the main negative shift began at about -575 +/- 150 msec, and at about -240 +/- 50 msec in type III. Type II partially resembled the similarly timed NS' component in self-paced RPs. For acts produced at known, preset times, in which freedom of choice was eliminated but planning to act was required, RPs resembled self-initiated type I RPs and self-paced RPs. All RPs were maximal at the vertex, especially type II even though it was also bilaterally asymmetrical. These distributions suggest that cortical areas other than area 4 and 6 contribute importantly, especially to type II. All RPs, whether in self-initiated or pre-planned acts, appear related specifically to preparation for a motor action. When task-related skin stimuli replaced self-initiated movements, under similar conditions of attentiveness (and expectancy), there were either no or relatively small event-preceding-slow potential shifts. All post-stimulus P300 waves were very large. Two volitional processes are postulated: process I is associated with development of pre-planning or preparation to act in the near future (seconds), whether voluntary choice is present (type I RPs) or absent (pre-set RPs); process II, with an onset at roughly 0.5 sec before the act, is associated more uniquely with voluntary choice and with the more specific as well as endogenous urge or intention to act; it can be present in the comparative absence of or in sequence and overlapping with process I.

Brain↗
PubMed2000

Ageing with long-standing hearing impairment and deafness.

Until recently, ageing with a long-standing disability had not been a major consideration for governments around the world. Policy and planning for this substantial subgroup had not kept abreast with developments in regard to the growing numbers of older people in general. Consultations held in Australia provided information and recommendations for use by governments and service agencies. The focus was on the viewpoints of consumers. This article reports results for people with long-standing deafness and hearing impairment. It is believed that disadvantages throughout life act to restrict freedom of choice and well-being in old age. Important factors perceived to underlie disadvantage include lifelong restricted access to the opportunities afforded by education and employment and their concomitant effects on the ability to develop the skills, attitudes and knowledge necessary for independence in old age; attitudes of others (including service providers); and the complexity and inflexibility of service systems. However, there are positive aspects. Comparison with published reports about people who acquired hearing loss as a result of the ageing process suggests that people with long-standing disability have learned to live with their situation. In contrast, people whose loss was associated with ageing often report emotional issues and isolation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

A new defense: the maternity waiver program.

The Maternity Waiver Program is a freedom of choice waiver granted by the Health Care Financing Administration. A freedom-of-choice waiver allows certain sections of the Social Security Act to be waived, specifically statewide effectiveness; duration, amount and scope of benefits; and freedom of choice. The waiver allows the state to direct women to whom they can receive prenatal care. By restricting statewideness, the state can set up the program on a county by county basis. By waiving amount, duration and scope, the state can provide additional services to women in waiver counties that are not offered in nonwaiver counties (e.g., home visits). And by waiving freedom-of-choice, the state can set up a primary provider network which ensures that women have access to quality and comprehensive maternity services which are coordinated from the initial encounter through the postpartum period. The end result is a healthier birth outcome.

Alabama↗