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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of complete Freund--adjuvant on chronic proliferating inflammation in an experimental granuloma model.

Histometric, biochemical, radiochemical and autoradiographic studies were undertaken to investigate the influence of complete Freund-adjuvant (CFA) on a defined chronic proliferating inflammation of a granuloma model in two different experimental situations. Where as the percentage fraction of the fibroblasts, 3H-thymidine marking index of the fibroblasts and the impulse rate of the fibroblasts and endothelial cells do not differ from the values found for the control animals, both the protein and DNA content of the implanted sponges, as well as the DNA content of the individual fibroblasts in the implants increased, independent of the stage of the chronic proliferating inflammation at which the CFA was administered. Surprisingly the quantity of the fibroblast specific synthetic product, collagen, did not increase in proportion to the absolute number of fibroblasts, but remained either constant or even significantly decreased. A possible inhibition of collagen synthesis after CFA administration during chronic proliferating inflammation is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Relationship between the response to complete freund adjuvant, phytohemagglutinin, and subsequent tumor growth in mice.

Groups of inbred C3H mice selected on the basis of strong or weak PPD reactions after sensitization with complete Freund adjuvant had significantly different reactions to PHA. The growth rate of a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor, previously shown to elicit a cell-mediated immune response, was significantly different in these two groups of mice. The basis for the marked variation observed between members of an inbred mouse strain in response to CFA is not understood but may bear an important potential relationship to tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunity to experimental renal candidiasis in rats.

Germfree rats were found to be more susceptible to intravenous challenge with Candida albicans than were conventional rats. The resistance of conventional rats could be overcome by increasing the challenge dose. The resistance of the germfree rat was enhanced by vaccination with Formalin-killed C. albicans in complete Freund adjuvant, complete Freund adjuvant, or incomplete Freund adjuvant. These results, and histological evidence obtained from infected gnotobiotic rats, provided further information on the mechanism of resistance to the disseminated form of candidiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Immunoglobulin E antibody formation in response to homologous rabbit albumin heavily substituted with dinitrophenol: effect of adjuvant.

Although much progess has been made in the detection and characterization of homocytotropic antibodies, identification of the factors which control their synthesis remains to be determined. To assess the influence of different adjuvants on anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses, rabbits were immunized with adjuvant plus homologous albumin (HRA) heavily substituted with DNP (DNP30-HRA). This antigen in rabbits has a B cell-reactive determinant (DNP) and weak non-B cell-reactive determinants (new antigenic determinants) which sensitize rabbits for delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to DNP30-HRA. It was postulated that the anti-DNP IgE response to DNP30-HRA could be regulated if the immunogenicity of the weak non-B cell-reactive determinants (new antigenic determinants) in DNP30-HRA could be manipulated by adjuvants and dosage. Complete Freund adjuvant and incomplete Freund adjuvant increased the immunogenicity of the new antigenic determinants in DNP30-HRA (10 mg) much more than did alum. However, equivalent primary anti-DNP IgE responses were made by all rabbits sensitized with this dose, regardless of the adjuvant used. Larger doses of DNP30-HRA (25 mg) in alum sensitized rabbits for strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to DNP30-HRA and also elicited enhanced and persistent primary anti-DNP IgE responses. Enhanced but transient primary anti-DNP IgE responses were elicited by 25 mg of DNP30-HRA in incomplete Freund adjuvant. In contrast, no primary anti-DNP IgE responses were made to 25 mg of DNP30-HRA in complete Freund adjuvant. Regardless of the adjuvant or dosage used for primary immunization, no secondary anti-DNP IgE responses to DNP30-HRA were detected.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1978

Kinetics of the humoral and cellular immune response of guinea pigs after injection of the synthetic adjuvant N-acetylmuramyl L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine: comparison with Freund complete adjuvant.

We studied the time course of humoral and cellular immunity of guinea pigs injected with the synthetic adjuvant N-acetylmuramyl L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP Pasteur, 10 microgram) in Freund incomplete adjuvant; the kinetics were compared with those obtained with Freund complete adjuvant (50 microgram of whole Mycobacterium butyricum). The antibody response to ovalbumin was faster and higher with MDP, but dropped sooner to a low level; the secondary response was, however, again higher for MDP than for Freund complete adjuvant. Cellular immunity, as measured by delayed hypersensitivity, and migration inhibition factor production werepositive for both adjuvants. The same response was followed in animals injected with MDPA, the nonamidated analog of MDP; the same kinetics as for Freund incomplete adjuvant were obtained for the primary response, but the secondary response was stronger and gave a positive delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

Conformational integrity of myoglobin after immunization with Freund's adjuvant.

The use of Freund's complete adjuvant for immunizing goats with myoglobin produces mainly antibodies directed against antigenic determinants present in the native protein. Only about 9% of the total antibodies produced are directed toward determinants not expressed in tha native molecule. This shows that neither emulsification nor the subsequent in vivo events leading up to the immune response appreciably perturb the conformation of the protein surface.

Epitopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune features in complete Freund adjuvant-treated CBA/J mouse model.

Immunostimulation with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) reverses the tendency to fetal loss in the CBA/J x DBA/2J mouse. First attempts to understand the mechanisms underlying this effect were to evaluate phenotypic and functional changes in the lymphocytic cell population after immunopotentiation. We demonstrated that treatment with CFA leads to diminished responses of maternal splenocytes towards paternal alloantigens and this low response cannot be improved with exogenous interleukin-2. Lymphocytes derived from spleen, para-aortic draining lymph nodes and placenta significantly suppress maternal response to paternal antigens. The effect of low fetal resorption rate is followed by marked elevation of asialo GM-1 and HNK-1-positive cells but not followed by any change of the L3T4 or Lyt-2-positive lymphocyte population in either the spleen or in draining lymph nodes. L3T4 and Lyt-2-positive cells have not been found in the placenta. An important feature was marked elevation of Mac-1-positive cells in the placentas of CFA-treated animals. The relevance of these findings to CFA-induced fetal protection is still under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Experimental granulomatous inflammation: II. Effect of injection of intact and disrupted killed tubercle bacilli into Freund adjuvant-sensitized Cavies.

The reaction of Freund adjuvant-immunized cavies to subsequent injection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra is confirmed as an immunologically mediated phenomenon. Ultrasonic disruption of mycobacteria to be injected as "challenge" markedly increases the intensity of the consequent 24-48 h reaction and subsequent fibrosis in Freund adjuvant-sensitized cavies and has an apparently inhibiting effect on the extent of subsequent granuloma formation with marked reduction of the density of epithelioid cells. From this study, the 24-48 h reaction to injection of M. tuberculosis into sensitized animals appears clearly to be separable from subsequent granuloma formation depending upon the integrity or otherwise of the injected myocobacteria used as the challenge injection material.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructure of pulmonary granulomatosis induced in rats by intravenous complete Freund's adjuvant.

Following the intravenous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, changes in the rat lung were studied with the electron microscope. Interstitial granulomas were produced and whereas on light microscopy these appeared to consist mainly of epitheloid cells, electron microscopy showed that the granulomas were largely made up of macrophages. Epithelioid cells were in fact few in number, atypical in appearance and limited to the periphery of some granulomas. Fenestrated capillaries were also found at the edge of the granulomas. The alveolar macrophages were increased in number and size but marked cytoplasmic vacuolation and a paucity of lysosomes are consistent with our previous suggestion that the phagocytic and migratory properties of these cells are weakened or inhibited. Alterations were found in both types of alveolar epithelial cell with the appearance of intermediate cell forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

In vitro studies on the enhancement of Rauscher virus-induced erythroblastosis by complete Freund's adjuvant in BALB/c mice.

Inoculation of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into BALB/c mice either before or after infection with Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV-R) led to an acceleration of the disease as determined by spleen weight. Treatment with CFA also induced a higher number of spleen erythroblast foci and, in the bone marrow, erythropoietin-independent cells that produced erythroid colonies in vitro. CFA induced in the bone marrow not only an increase in myeloid progenitor cells that can produce colonies in agar, but an ever larger increase in the number of erythroid colony-forming cells. Virus-induced erythroblastosis was probably enhanced by CFA due to the production of many target cells. The more primitive burst-forming cell, which produced large colonies of erythroid cells after 10 days in culture, was also physiologically transformed in MuLV-R-infected mice; bursts could be formed by cells of such animals in the absence of erythropoietin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Experimental granulomatous inflammation: I. Gross and light microscopical observations in freund adjuvant-sensitized Cavies following the injection of killed tubercle bacilli.

The tuberculous granuloma, induced by injection of microgram doses of killed mycobacteria into guinea pigs sensitized by injection of Freund adjuvant is immunologically mediated. Formation of the granuloma is preceded by development within 24 h of a lymphocyte-dominated mononuclear cell response typical of a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV immune response) reaction. About the sixth day, following a marked decrease in intensity of the cellular reaction, a nodule containing monocytes and macrophages develops at the injection site. With increasing numbers of monocytes and macrophages the nodule forms a non-caseating granuloma with giant cells but dominated by epithelioid cells and reaching a maximum size about 3 wk after injection. Thereafter the granuloma undergoes gradual demolition being replaced and surrounded by fibroblasts and collagen deposition. The very delayed nature of this immune response as well as its histological character appear clearly to separate it from classical cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. These facts justify the hypothesis of a third type of (usually protective) immune response characterized histologically by the development of an epithelioid cell granuloma and determined by the nature of the antigenic material and the reactivity of the host. The initial polymorphonuclear leucocyte reaction to injection of mycobacteria, being similar in sensitized and control animals, does not appear to be under immunological control.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Autoimmune insulitis. Pathological findings in experimental animal models and juvenile diabetes mellitus.

Organ-specific, species non-specific anti-pancreatic cellular immunity has been reported as a feature associated with juvenile diabetes of short duration. In order to further elucidate a possible causal relation between autoimmunity and juvenile diabetes morphological studies were made on an autopsy material from 12 juvenile onset diabetics, dying within 1 year after the onset of the disease. Each patient was compared with 2 age and sex matched controls. In the group of patients the islets of Langerhans showed the following characteristics: 1. The B cells were degranulated and present in reduced number, 2. The A cells appeared normal, 3. A lymphocytic, non-cicatricial insulitis was detected in 50% of the patients. Those findings were correlated with animal experiments, in which rats and mice were immunized with A: heterologous and homologous preparations of endocrine pancreas, in complete Freunds' adjuvant, B: heterologous and homologous insulin in complete Freunds' adjuvant, and C: complete Freunds' adjuvant. Only animals of group A developed spleen cell migration tests positive to the pancreatic preparations, lymphocytic infiltrations of the islets and degranulation of the B cells. In addition, the B cells showed ultrastructural signs of degeneration. The morphological changes were reversible and were accompanied by a transient reduction in glucose tolerance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Absence of cutaneous phenomena of delayed hypersensitivity in the use of zymosan as adjuvant in comparison with Freund's complete adjuvant in autoimmune experimental orchitis].

In previous researches some of the Authors proved that Zymosan acts as adjuvant in determining the experimental autoimmune aspermatogenesis, in absence of skin reactivity of delayed type. The aim of the present investigations was to ascertain if Zymosan possess some components analogous to those of mycobacteria, which can be considered responsible in determining hypersensitivity reactions of delayed type. The results, obtained also in cross experiments, don't confirm this hypothesis.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗