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Results for “Frostbite”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1977

[Oxyproline excretion in the urine in frostbite].

Hyperoxyprolinuria associated with the processes occuring in frostbitten tissues is observed in frostbites of II--III degree. In frostbites of I--II and III--IV degree the level of urine oxyproline excretion does not differ from the normal one throughout the posttraumatic period. In frostbites of I--II degree this is due to a limited volume of tissue injury, in frostbites of III--IV degree-to the fixation of decay products in the pathological focus, resulting from blood circulation disorders in the frostbitten zone. Differences in oxyprolinuria level may serve as a useful tool for differential diagnosis of frostbites.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[A case of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma with frostbite in extremities].

We describe a patient who presented frostbite in extremities in addition to characteristic symptoms, such as severe hypertension, sweating attacks, palpitations and headache. The patient was eventually diagnosed as having single extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. The frostbite in extremities rapidly resolved after the removal of the tumor as well as other characteristic clinical symptoms. It is speculated that this frostbite might have been induced by severe continuous constriction of peripheral artery and loss of heat by frequent sweating attacks. Regarding cutaneous symptoms in this disease, pallor, acrocyanosis and cold extremities are commonly found. However, it seems that typical frostbite associated with pheochromocytoma has not been reported so far.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Studies on heat output from the hand of frostbite subjects.

We studied 12 subjects, who had suffered first- to third-degree frostbite at high altitude during winter, at Delhi, India. At normal sea level pressure there (PB 740 mm Hg) and in a decompression chamber at a simulated altitude of 4085 m, the studies were at both 26 degrees C and 6.8 degrees C. A group of control (non-frostbite) subjects of comparable age were also studied for their heat output at 26 degrees C, PB 740 mm Hg. Heat output from the hands of a group of mountaineers from the sea level was also studied at 2121 m at 25 degrees C and 4485 m at 7 degrees C. The results indicated that the frostbite subjects had a significantly higher heat ouput at PB 740 mm Hg and 26 degrees C than the non-frostbite subjects. When the former were tested at sea level (PB 740 mm Hg) at 6.8 degrees C, the hand heat output showed a marked and significant decrease. On testing them at a simulated altitude of 4085 m at 26 degrees C and at 6.8 degrees C, a very highly significant reduction in hand heat output was observed compared to their initial value at sea level (740 mm Hg) and 26 degrees C. Their hand heat output also showed a very highly significant decrease compared to mountaineers at 4485 m and 7 degrees C.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Assessment of tissue viability in frostbite by 99Tcm-HDP scintigraphy: an experimental study in New Zealand white rabbits.

Since the appearance of superficial tissue is often an unreliable indicator of deep tissue viability in cases of frostbite, radionuclide scintigraphy with 99Tcm-disodium oxidronate (HDP) was used to assess changes in tissue viability after experimental freezing and thawing of the rabbit ear. One shaved ear, left or right, of each of eight New Zealand white rabbits was frozen with a glass bottle (diameter of bottom 2 cm) filled with liquid nitrogen (-180 degrees C) for 5 min under Ketalar-Rompun anesthesia, the other ear serving as a control. Radionuclide scintigraphy was performed by giving a bolus intravenous injection of 130-170 MBq (3.5-4.5 mCi) 99Tcm-HDP. Radionuclide imaging was used to follow the development of the demarcation line. Scintigraphy was performed 2 h after frostbite and then after 24 h, 48 h, 1 week and 3 weeks. The frostbitten area seemed macroscopically to be warm and swollen immediately after the induction of frostbite. Scintigraphy showed the frostbitten area to be much warmer than the surrounding tissue for the first week and it was not until after that the first cold spots appeared in the middle of the frostbitten area. The necrotic and vital tissue could easily be distinguished after 3 weeks.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Creatine kinase test in frostbite].

The activity of blood serum creatine kinase was studied in 37 cases with various degree of frostbites and in healthy individuals. The dynamic study of blood serum creatine kinase in frostbites cases during the first week allows for the differentiation between deep and superficial frostbites.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Carcinoma on old frostbites.

Two cases of carcinoma developing on old frostbite scars of the heel are presented. A short review of the subject follows, stressing the rarity of these "secondary" tumors and their general context within the skin cancers and the tragic experience of Greece with frostbite in the campaign of 1940-1941.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Mountain frostbite. Current trends in prognosis and treatment (from results concerning 1261 cases).

From an experience of a large number (1261) of cases of mountain frostbite, an attempt is made to explain its pathophysiological mechanisms and describe the different modalities which to now allow early prognosis to be made. Laser-Doppler, microwave thermography, nuclear magnetic resonance (31P spectroscopy) and bone scintigraphy (technetium 99) are some of the investigations which deserve a special attention. Treatment is discussed, which still appears to be limited to saving viable tissue, especially for severe frostbite lesions, the only ones which pose problems. Rapid rewarming is a keystone of therapy. The role of haemodilution, vasodilators, sympathetic blockade and surgery is also discussed.

Cold Temperature↗

PubMed1976

Angiography in the diagnosis and therapy of frostbite.

Five patients with frostbite injury were studied by selective angiography and treated by selective intra-arterial application of reserpine with follow-up angiography two days later. Control angiograms showed various degrees of vascular spasm as well as organic stenosis and occlusion. Intra-arterial reserpine produced dramatic subsiding of vasospasm, as evidenced by angiography and relief of clinical symptoms. Complete healing without tissue loss occurred in 4 patients. Amputation was necessary in one case, due at least in part to pre-existing peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Selective angiography was found to contribute significantly to both the diagnosis and therapy of frostbite injury.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1975

Effects and prevention of frostbite in wound healing.

Observations on wounds sustained at subfreezing temperatures in husky dogs and in man suggested that exposed wet tissues readily become frozen. Frostbite of wounds caused tissue necrosis, wound sepsis and delayed healing, but immediate wound suture protected against this sequence. To explore the effect of wound closure on healing frostbitten tissue, healing of paired dorsal wounds was studied in 20 rats. In each animal one wound was sutured and the other was left open. In 10 animals both wounds were frozen with Dry Ice. All sutured wounds healed primarily. Most of the control open wounds had healed at 15 days, but in the frozen wounds healing was delayed and infection ensued. It is suggested that at temperatures much below freezing the immediate treatment of a wound should include prevention of frostbite by wound closure.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Treatment of experimental frostbite with intra-arterial sympathetic blocking drugs.

A number of experimental and clinical studies have shown that early regional surgical sympathectomy decreases tissue loss following frostbite, presumably by relieving vasospasm and increasing blood flow. This study was performed to determine if a decrease in tissue loss following a standard cold injury could be obtained following a regional "medical sympathectomy" achieved by the intra-arterial administration of sympathetic blocking drugs. A standard cold injury was produced in rabbits and the animals were divided into nine treatment groups. Various treatment modalities were evaluated, including rapid rewarming, intra-arterial reserpine and tolazoline, and intravenous low molecular weight dextran. In the slowly rewarmed animals, the usual clinic situation, the regional intra-arterial administration of reserpine and tolazoline significantly reduced tissue loss, equalling the results obtained in the rapidly rewarmed group. These results indicate that the early achievement of a regional "medical sympathectomy" may be of benefit in reducing tissue loss following frostbite in patients, especially in those in whom rapid rewarming cannot be performed.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Mountain frostbite. A new approach to early prognosis. A study of 1,267 cases].

Regarding an important series of mountain frostbite (1,267 cas), the authors try to explain the physiopathological mechanism. They expose the different methods that make possible nowadays an early prognosis. They set forth the treatment that seems still limited to save what can be spared; and this is valid for severe frostbite, the only ones to put problems. The quick warming up is the keystone of the treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Frostbite arthritis.

We report a case of unilateral frostbite arthritis in a 58-year-old male. Clinical and radiological changes mimicked those of erosive osteoarthritis. Patients with this presentation should be carefully questioned for a history of exposure to cold, and frostbite arthritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

Effect of rewarming at various water bath temperatures in experimental frostbite.

Studies have been conducted on 72 rats to determine the most suitable temperature at which rapid rewarming should be done as an immediate treatment for frostbite. Animals were put in a harness containing arrangements for warming the body. Their hind limbs were left out of the harness. They were then exposed to -15 degrees +/- 1 degrees C in a deep freeze for 60 min, during which paw temperature was recorded every 5 min. After this, the animals were taken out, the left hind limb was rapidly rewarmed in a water bath maintained at 35 degrees, 37 degrees, 39 degrees, 41 degrees, 43 degrees, or 45 degrees C for different batches and the right hind limb was left free for slow rewarming at room temperature (27 degrees -29 degrees C). The severity of cold injury in the two limbs was compared. The paw temperature showed a drop on cold exposure, followed by a rapid rise and then a second fall. The degree of injury was related to the duration of exposure after the rise in the paw temperature. The rapid rewarming was effective only at water bath temperature of 37 degrees-39 degrees C and was harmful at 45 degrees C. This shows that rewarming at about body temperature is most effective as immediate treatment for frostbite.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Intra-arterial sympathetic blockade in the treatment of clinical frostbite.

Regional medical sympathectomy achieved by the intra-arterial injection of reserpine appeared to be of benefit in the treatment of five patients with acute or chronic frostbite injuries. Clinical improvement was associated with a significant increase in arteriographically determined regional perfusion.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Assessment of bone viability by scintiscanning in frostbite injuries.

Radionuclide bone imaging with a radiotechnetium-labeled phosphate (99mTc-methylene diphosphonate) has been employed to study the extremities injured by frostbite. The degree of accretion of the radiopharmaceutical in bone is dependent on the integrity of the vascular supply. This property has been used successfully to distinguish viable and nonviable bone.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Doppler ultrasound and digital plethysmography to determine the need for sympathetic blockade after frostbite.

Thirty patients seen following frostbite injury during a 2-week period were treated with rapid rewarming in a saline bath. Vascular laboratory evaluations including digital plethysmograms and Doppler ultrasound mapping of digital vessels and distal palmar and pedal arches revealed three general degrees of vascular response to cold injury after rewarming. The most common, the hyperdynamic response, implying patent digital vessels, was often clinically apparent, with warm, red digits. Regional sympathectomy may be troublesome in these patients. Patients without a hyperdynamic response, including those whose Doppler and plethysmographic examinations were within normal limits for noncold exposed individuals, had evidence of vascular compromise at the digital level and benefited from regional sympathectomy with intra-arterial reserpine.

Doppler Effect↗

PubMed1979

Frostbite: its diagnosis and treatment.

The treatment, diagnosis, and outcome of frostbite victims is by no means an exact science. As this presentation shows, most authors agree that the key to control and treatment of cold injury comes from a reversal of the damage to the microvasculature (19). The methods of diagnosis of the extent of damage are all based on determination of vascular status whether it be tissue or bony structures. Treatment varies widely but rapid rewarming of the affected tissues is by far the most successful treatment to minimize tissue loss. As in the case study presented here, when surgical amputation is necessary, one must take mechanical function into account as well as the line of demarcation in order to give a functional limb for rehabilitation and to prevent the possibility of subjecting the patient to unnecessary repetitive surgical procedures.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMed1978

[Diagnosis and treatment of frostbite of the extremities].

The method of thermography is believed to be a valuable means of an early diagnosis of the depth of the injury in frosbites of the extremities. The use of immune preparations aimed at the lessening of the percentage of infectious complications, both with conservative and surgical treatment of the frostbites of the extremities, should be applied for prophylaxis of the above-mentioned complications.

Arm Injuries↗