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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Early-stage trajectories of social-occupational functioning and long-term functional outcome prediction in early psychosis: A 12-year follow-up of the randomized controlled trial on extended early intervention.

BACKGROUND: Functional impairment in psychosis often persists despite symptomatic remission. There is a paucity of research examining early-course psychosocial functioning trajectories, and none has been conducted to examine relationship between the trajectories and prospective long-term functional outcomes in early psychosis sample. METHODS: We conducted 12-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial on extended early intervention for first-episode psychosis to identify early-course social-occupational functioning trajectories and their baseline predictors and associations with 12-year outcomes. Participants who completed Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS) scores at three or more timepoints between baseline and 3-year follow-up were included in the study. Premorbid adjustment, illness characteristics, symptom severity, functioning, and treatment profiles were assessed. Latent growth mixture modeling was employed to derive early-course social-occupational functioning trajectories based on SOFAS scores over 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 148 participants were included in this study, with 106 patients having completed the 12-year follow-up. Our results identified four distinct trajectories, including persistently-good class, gradually-improved class, suboptimal-stable class, and persistently-poor class. Patients in persistently-poor class had more severe negative symptoms at baseline compared to patients in persistently-good class. Patients with persistently-poor trajectory had worse long-term outcomes than those with other classes in the majority of functional measures at 12-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients were classified in early-stage suboptimal or poor functional trajectories. Above one-fourth of the participants exhibited persistently-poor social-occupational functioning trajectory, which predicted worse functional outcomes at 12-year follow-up. These findings highlighted the importance of tracking functional changes during the initial years of illness.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Effects of colchicine and cycloheximide on the functional and non-functional lipoprotein lipase fractions of rat heart.

In response to food deprivation, total myocardial lipoprotein lipase activity increased gradually over a period of 9 h. Although lipoprotein lipase exists in a functional and non-functional form in the myocardium, most of the increas in activity occurred in the functional (heparin-releasable) lipoprotein lipase fraction. The administration of colchicine, while having no effect on the increase seen in total lipoprotein lipase activity, did inhibit the increase in the functional fraction, while at the same time, caused a marked rise in the activity of the non-functional (non-releasable) fraction. In rats injected with colchicine after a 24-h fast, total lipoprotein lipase activity was not affected, but activity levels in the functional fraction declined while that in the non-functional fraction increased. These results suggest that the functional lipoprotein lipase is constantly being formed in sites not readily accessible to heparin (presumably the myocardial cells) and transported to its site of action, the surface of the endothelial cells of the capillaries. Cycloheximide administration to rats starved for 24 h caused a decline in activity in both the functional (half-life of about 2 h) and the non-functional (half-life of about 4 h) lipoprotein lipase fractions. These results suggest that the functional and non-functional lipoprotein lipase fractions may correspond to two distinct enzyme species.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cosmetic and functional outcomes of breast conserving treatment for early stage breast cancer. 2. Relationship with psychosocial functioning.

The relationship between cosmetic and functional results of breast conserving therapy and psychosocial functioning was examined in a sample of 76 patients with early stage breast cancer, who received treatment between 1975 and 1985. The patients were interviewed at their homes regarding breast cosmesis, arm functioning and psychosocial health, and subsequently attended the hospital for independent assessment of cosmetic and functional outcomes by clinical observers. High levels of psychological distress, disturbance of body image, and decreased sexual functioning were noted in approximately one-quarter of the study sample. About half of the patients expressed heightened concern with disease recurrence and their future health. Psychosocial problems were only modestly associated with treatment-related cosmetic and functional outcomes, as determined by clinical ratings and objective assessments. The patients' own ratings of breast cosmesis and arm functioning exhibited somewhat higher correlations with self-reported psychosocial functioning. In particular, a significant association was noted between the patients' ratings of overall cosmesis and arm edema and their body image (r = 0.48 and r = 0.43, respectively). The association between cosmetic and functional results and self-reported psychosocial health was strongest among those patients younger in age and treated longer ago. These findings suggest that, in order to evaluate the impact of breast conserving therapy on the patients' quality of life, the patients' own assessments of cosmetic and functional outcomes should be used as a primary source of information.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A reliable method for evaluating the masticatory function in complete denture wearers, concerning a masticatory function evaluation chart based on food hardness].

The purpose of this study was to construct an evaluation chart to objectively and simply determine the extent of the masticatory function of complete denture wearers in daily clinical practice, and to describe the chart's clinical application. 58 different types of food were selected according to two criteria: their frequency of ingestion by complete denture wearers, and their convenience for determining the masticatory function. Then an anatomical artificial porcelain set of dentures was used to bite each food item, using only bicuspids and molars. Dentures were installed on an Instron Universal Testing Instrument to compression-cut the food. Food requiring the highest pressure was considered the hardest food. Then the masticatory function evaluation chart was constructed by using the hardness of the food as an index of relative masticatory difficulty. Using this chart, 95 complete denture wearers were tested to determine the masticatory function of their dentures. The following results were obtained: 1. The mean hardness of the 58 food items tested was 7.85 +/- 11.29 kg. The mean hardness of the 38 food items frequently ingested by complete denture wearers was 5.24 +/- 5.41 kg. 2. The differences in hardness of the foods tested were statistically processed, and the 58 food items were classified into 5 groups (I-V). This five-fold classification was used as a range for determining masticatory function. 3. A correlation coefficient of -0.697 (p less than 0.01) was found between the hardness of the food and the ease of eating the food. 4. A correlation coefficient of 0.548 (p less than 0.01) was found between the hardness of the food and the frequency of ingestion. 5. The masticatory function was determined on a 5-point scale from A to E according to the total number of food types that the subjects said that they could eat easily. The masticatory function increased progressively from A to E. The results of determining the masticatory function of the 95 complete denture wearers were as follows: Rank A 1.1%, B 10.5%, C 34.7%, D 29.5% and E 24.2%. 6. Persons who evaluated their own dentures positively comprised 86.0% of ranks D and E. On the other hand, persons who evaluated their own denture negatively were widely distributed from rank A through E, indicating that there were considerable individual differences. 7. It was concluded that the masticatory function evaluation chart was a reliable means of objectively and simply determining the masticatory function of complete denture wearers.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1992

Catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in 70 cases of functioning and non-functioning phaeochromocytoma and extra-adrenal paraganglioma.

Immunohistochemical localization of the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), was investigated in 70 cases of functioning and non-functioning phaeochromocytomas comprising 52 of adrenal and 18 of extra-adrenal origin. Of 59 functioning tumours, 30 were mixed epinephrine and norepinephrine-producing (mixed type) and 29 were norepinephrine-producing tumours. TH, AADC and DBH were detected in all functioning phaeochromocytomas, but PNMT was limited to the mixed-type phaeochromocytomas. Non-functioning phaeochromocytomas were divided into two groups, comprising a complete type, which induced neither elevated plasma catecholamines nor their metabolites in urine, and an incomplete type which exhibited no elevated plasma catecholamines, but showed a slightly high urinary vanillylmandelic acid level. In the non-functioning complete-type tumours, immunoreactive TH was negative, but the incomplete tumours of the adrenal medulla had all four enzymes, and corresponded to a mixed-type phaeochromocytoma. AADC and DBH were present universally in all functioning and non-functioning tumours, including TH-negative tumours. TH is a rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis and deficiency of TH is an important feature of extra-adrenal non-functioning phaeochromocytomas.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2026

The metastatic spectrum in functional and non-functional NENs: mechanistic insights from multi-omics.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are biologically heterogeneous tumors in which differentiation/grade and hormonal functionality are intersecting but non-equivalent axes. This review focuses on functional and non-functional well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), principally gastroenteropancreatic and pancreatic NETs, and critically evaluates how site, lineage, stage, tumor burden, genomic and epigenetic alterations, immune-stromal remodeling, metabolic adaptation, microbiome-associated signals, and treatment pressure converge on metastasis and recurrence. Apparent outcome differences by functionality are inconsistent after clinicopathological adjustment: non-functional presentation is often enriched for delayed diagnosis and adverse features, whereas functional subtypes range from typically indolent insulinomas to clinically aggressive hormone-producing tumors. We reconcile these observations through a layered model in which lineage-defining alterations and chromatin/telomere programs establish cellular state; signaling and metabolic plasticity enable stress adaptation; and hypoxia, angiogenesis, immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and therapy create selective niches for dissemination and relapse. We also define computational strategies for heterogeneous multi-omics integration and a staged biomarker-validation pathway. Evidence remains dominated by pancreatic NETs, and causal support is weakest for microbiome-functionality relationships and several proposed cross-omic links. A spectrum-based framework is therefore most useful when it generates testable, site- and grade-specific hypotheses rather than treating functionality as an isolated prognostic variable.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Conversion of non-functional to functional iron following reconstitution of hemerythrin.

A recent report from this laboratory (Zhang, J.-H., Kurtz, D.M., Jr., Xia, Y.-M. and Debrunner, P.G. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 583-589) described a procedure for reconstitution of a functional di-iron site in the octameric, non-heme iron O2-carrying protein, hemerythrin by addition of ferrous salts to apoprotein, followed by slow dilution of the denaturant. Although the resulting protein contained its full complement of iron, i.e., 2 Fe per subunit, about 30% of the iron was found to remain ferrous under ambient O2, i.e., this iron was incapable of forming an O2 adduct. In this report a method is described for obtaining essentially fully functional hemerythrin by passage of the freshly reconstituted protein through an [oxy/30% non-functional----met----deoxy----oxy redox cycle. UV/vis absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies show that little or no non-functional iron remains in the reconstituted oxyhemerythrin after the redox cycle. Quantitations of protein and diiron sites show that, during the first step of the redox cycle, the non-functional iron is converted to a form that is spectroscopically indistinguishable from that of native methemerythrin. Far-UV circular dichroism shows that the secondary structure of this reconstituted methemerythrin is essentially identical to that of native protein. Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the size and charge of the native and reconstituted proteins before and after redox cycling are essentially identical. These results indicate that the non-functional iron is converted to a functional form by the redox cycling, and that the key step in this conversion is the [oxy/30% non-functional]----met transformation.

Hemerythrin↗
PubMed1992

Functional ability of community dwelling elderly. Criterion-related validity of a new measure of functional ability.

Criterion-related validity of a new measure of functional ability was conducted according to a causal model based on conceptual models employed in the area of rehabilitative and geriatric medicine. The criteria variables included concurrent diagnosed diseases, global self-rated health, drug consumption and general practitioner (GP) consultations. The measure of functional ability was developed with the intention of achieving a high degree of discrimination among a group of community dwelling elderly. Data were derived from a sample survey of 70-year-old men and women conducted in 1984 in the county of Copenhagen (Denmark). Altogether 366 men and 368 women participated in each of the two phases of the study--a comprehensive medical examination at the county hospital at Glostrup followed by a home visit conducted by an occupational therapist 1-2 weeks later. The analysis included four different unidimensional index scales of functional ability divided into two types, with reduced speed and tiredness as subdimensions. The two scale types were mobility function and lower limb function. Early losses of ability together with global self-rated health were treated as outcome measures of diagnosed chronic diseases. At the same time these outcome measures together with diagnosed diseases were considered to predict drug consumption and GP consultations. It was shown that functional ability as measured by the new index scales were strongly influenced by diagnosed diseases: arteriostenosis and osteoarthrosis in lower extremities, obesity, shoulder impairments and bronchitis among women, and glucose intolerance, arteriostenosis in lower extremities and shoulder impairments among men. Global self-rated health was strongly associated with the new functional ability rating system. Early losses of ability but not self-rated health was a strong predictor for drug consumption and frequent contacts with GP. It is concluded that the new measure of functional ability is suitable for health studies of community dwelling elderly, in particular as a summary statement of the individual's health status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Impaired left ventricular function in chronic aortic valve disease: survival and function after replacement by Björk-Shiley prosthesis.

Postoperative survival and left ventricular function were studied in 128 patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement by the Björk-Shiley valve between 1973 and 1977. The average follow-up was 2.1 years. Patients with associated coronary artery disease or mitral valve disease were excluded. Preoperative ejection fraction ranged from 15-84%. Forty-two patients were restudied by cardiac catheterization 9.1 +/- 1.1 months (mean +/- SEM) after valve replacement. The hospital mortality was 11%. Preoperative type of valve lesion, functional class, cardiothoracic ratio, and ejection fraction (EF) had no significant effect on postoperative survival up to 4 years. After operation, left ventricular mass (LVMI) and peak systolic wall stress (PSWS) fell significantly, while EF and mean normalized systolic ejection rate (MNSER) increased in aortic stenosis and in aortic insufficiency. Neither in aortic stenosis nor in aortic insufficiency was there a significant relation between preoperative ejection fraction and postoperative LVMI, EF, MNSER and PSWS. We attributed this to a marked improvement of left ventricular function in patients with preoperative impaired ventricular function. Six patients with paravalvular leak to restudy has a significantly lower EF and MNSER, and a higher PSWS than patients without leak. Patients without leak had normal EF, MNSER and PSWS when compared with 10 normal persons, but LVMI remained moderately elevated. Postoperative transprosthetic gradient was 11.9 mm Hg (range 0-64 mm Hg). We conclude that impaired cardiac function is completely restored after aortic valve replacement by Björk-Shiley valve, if valve function is good. Patients with impaired cardiac function preoperatively did not have a poorer prognosis after operation than patients with normal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Changes in left ventricular volume, mass, and function during the development and regression of supraventricular tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Disparity between recovery of systolic versus diastolic function.

Chronic supraventricular tachycardia causes a dilated cardiomyopathy in man. Terminating this tachycardia appears to result in symptomatic improvement; however, its effects on left ventricular (LV) volume, mass, and function have not been fully examined. Accordingly, hemodynamic studies using simultaneous echocardiography and catheterization were performed in three groups of pigs: 1) those subjected to rapid left atrial pacing (240 beats/min) for 3 weeks (SVT, n = 8), 2) those subjected to supraventricular tachycardia for 3 weeks followed by termination of pacing and a 4-week recovery period (PSVT, n = 9), and 3) sham-operated controls (CTR, n = 10). Systolic pump function was assessed using fractional shortening (FS), peak ejection rate [peak (-)dD/dt], and maximum rate of pressure development [peak (+)dP/dt]. Diastolic function was assessed using the time constant of isovolumic pressure decline (tau), peak early diastolic filling rate [peak (+)dD/dt], the chamber stiffness constant (Kc), and the myocardial stiffness constant (Km). Supraventricular tachycardia caused LV dilation (end-diastolic dimension [EDD] increased from 3.5 +/- 0.4 cm in CTR to 4.9 +/- 0.5 cm in SVT, p less than 0.05) but no change in LV mass (LV weight-to-body weight ratio [LV/BW]) was 2.58 +/- 0.3 g/kg in CTR and 2.66 +/- 0.4 g/kg in SVT), all indexes of systolic function became abnormal (FS fell from 30 +/- 4% in CTR to 13 +/- 5% in SVT, p less than 0.05), and the indexes of relaxation and filling were slowed (tau increased from 36 +/- 3 msec in CTR to 51 +/- 13 msec in SVT, p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in Kc or Km. After terminating the supraventricular tachycardia, LV volume fell but remained greater than that in CTR (EDD was 4.2 +/- 0.4 cm in PSVT, p less than 0.05 versus CTR) and substantial LV hypertrophy developed (LV/BW was 3.48 +/- 0.5 g/kg in PSVT, p less than 0.05 versus CTR). Systolic function returned to normal (FS was 31 +/- 5% in PSVT) but diastolic function remained abnormal. In PSVT, tau remained prolonged (49 +/- 12 msec, p less than 0.05 versus CTR), Kc increased from 3.7 +/- 1.0 in CTR to 7.4 +/- 1.2 (p less than 0.05), and Km increased from 4.4 +/- 1.5 in CTR to 13.9 +/- 9.7 (p less than 0.05). Thus, the improvement in systolic function that occurs after the termination of supraventricular tachycardia is associated with the development of LV hypertrophy and persistent diastolic dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cloning and molecular characterization of a metabolic gene with development functions in Drosophila. I. Analysis of the head function of Punch.

In an effort to understand the functions of pterins throughout development we have been studying Punch (Pu), the structural gene for the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase in Drosophila melanogaster. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the pterin biosynthetic pathway. The Pu gene product is required for vital functions at two distinct stages in embryogenesis, and a pigmentation function in the eye of the young adult. We have localized the Pu region to 29 kb of DNA through the analysis of lesions present in Pu mutants. Since all of the mutations that were mapped affect the eye pigmentation function of Pu, and since this function is the best defined biochemically, we have concentrated on identifying and characterizing Pu products required for eye pigmentation in our initial examination of the cloned region. Four different transcripts from this region are expressed in the adult head. We show that one of these transcripts, the 1.7-kb species, is responsible for the pigmentation function through the analysis of mutant transcripts and the use of an in vitro translation assay. A 2-kb region lying within the locus is specifically required for this eye pigmentation function.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changes in hand function in the aging adult as determined by the Jebsen Test of Hand Function.

The Jebsen Test of Hand Function is used to assess a broad range of hand functions required for activities of daily living. The time needed to complete a variety of subtests is measured, with high scores indicative of abnormality. Normative values have been established for men and women in two age groups: 20 to 59 years and 60 to 94 years. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hand function, as measured by the Jebsen test, declines with age in subjects over the age of 60 years. A total of 121 men and women were given the test and grouped into the following age categories: (1) 60 to 69 years, (2) 70 to 79 years, and (3) 80 to 89 years. Hand function decreased with age in both men and women. There were significant positive correlations between age and time needed to complete the various subtests, and analyses of variance revealed significant differences between subjects in their 80s and those in their 60s and 70s. In only a few tasks were there significant differences between men and women within any age group. Because of the decrease in normal function with age, measurements obtained with the Jebsen test in the elderly should be compared with normative values that are obtained from similarly aged subjects. [Hackel ME, Wolfe GA, Bang SM, Canfield JS. Changes in hand function in the aging adult as determined by the Jebsen Test of Hand Function.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The effect of graft function on FK506 plasma levels, dosages, and renal function, with particular reference to the liver.

Plasma FK506 was studied in 49 liver, 13 heart, 3 double-lung or heart-lung, and 21 kidney recipients. The levels were correlated with the drug doses used, kidney function, and liver function. In all varieties of recipients, there was an early rise in the FK506 plasma levels that occurred at the time of intravenous administration of the drug. At the same time or shortly after, there were increases in serum creatinine that were transitory except in liver recipients with continuing suboptimal graft function. The quality of hepatic function dominated all aspects of FK506 management in the liver recipients. Those who received well-functioning grafts could be given about the same drug doses as recipients of kidneys and the thoracic organs. Liver recipients with defective grafts had astronomical rises in plasma FK506, a high incidence of renal failure, and probably increased neurotoxicity. In kidney transplant recipients, the FK506 plasma levels and doses were essentially the same in patients with prompt versus delayed renal function. These studies have highlighted the necessity, first, of close pharmacologic monitoring of patients who are given FK506 in the presence of abnormal liver function, and second, of using smaller intravenous induction doses than in past practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Differentiation of functionally active mouse T-lymphocytes from functionally inactive bone marrow precursors.

An investigation has been made of the development of various T cell functions in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with anti-0 treated spleen or bone marrow cells. Evidence is presented to show that both organs contain a post-thymic precursor pool able to regenerate by 15 days limited T cell responses in thymectomized recipients. A prethymic pool also exists in each organ able to regenerate, at a later date, first a suppressor T cell population and probably later, mature functional T cells involved in helper functions and cell mediated lympholysis. The spleen is apparently a better source of precursors of the suppressor cells than bone marrow, while a poorer source of precursors of the other T cell functions. All T cell functions investigated apparently first appear in large cells which undergo a reversion to small cells without necessarily maturing to their full potential reactivity. By following the kinetics of appearance of T cell functions, and the physical parameters of the cells with which these functions are associated, it is shown that PHA responding and Con A responding cells, cytotoxic T cell progenitors, helper T cells for antibody production and helper T cells for cytotoxicity induction can all at some stage of differentiation be separated from one another.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. III. Glomerular and tubular functions in relation to renal pelvic volume.

Studies of renal function comprising determination of exogenous creatinine clearance, urinary osmolality and TmG were performed on 23 dogs, for each kidney separately, after hydronephrosis with partial ureteric obstruction had been produced by ligation of one ureter over an indwelling catheter. A method for determining the volume of the hydronephrotic renal pelvis was developed and the degree of functional reduction was correlated to the degree of pelvic dilatation. In 11 cases the renal blood flow was determined by direct measurement. Statistically significant reductions of the glomerular and tubular functions were noted on the hydronephrotic side. TmG and the urinary osmolality showed the greatest percentual decreases and the TmG/GFR ratio the smallest. The decrease in this ratio was due to greater deterioration of tubular than of glomerular function. The renal blood flow was reduced on the hydronephrotic side in comparison with the intact side, but seemed relatively less affected than the glomerular and tubular functions. Compensation by the intact kidney resulted in masking of the deterioration on the hydronephrotic side; thus for the whole material the mean GFR and urinary osmolality for the two kidneys together remained essentially unchanged. No statistically significant correlation between the degree of functional reduction and the degree of pelvic dilatation was found. Such a correlation could therefore not be used in the individual case as an indication of the functional capacity of a kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of functionally active mouse T lymphocytes from functionally inactive bone marrow precursors. IV. Recovery of T-cell function from bone marrow precursors in a histo-incompatible environment.

Regeneration of T-cell activities in vivo or in vitro from mouse bone marrow precursors differentiating in the presence of an allogeneic thymus was investigated. The data indicated that T-depleted bone marrow cells fail to affect long-term reconstitution of allogeneic recipients unless a pool of rapidly maturing T-precursor cells is also removed (post-thymic pool). Animals reconstituted with pre-thymic bone marrow stem cells become stable chimaeras in which cells capable of generating an in vitro CML response to host antigens, as well as cells capable of suppressing that response, could be demonstrated. Similar data (CML directed against the H-2 antigens of the 'host' thymus feeder layer and cells capable of inhibiting that response) were obtained when pre-thymic bone marrow cells were grown in vitro on allogeneic thymus feeder cells. When cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) and helper (CTLh) cells were separately investigated, a restriction in their co-operation for an anti-host response was observed when precursor cells differentiated in an allogeneic environment. Only CTLp and CTLh differentiating in the presence of the same allogeneic thymus source (whether in vivo or in vitro) could co-operate to generate CTL directed to H-2 antigens of that thymus source.

Animals↗