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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

The Kansas Family and Children's Trust Fund: funding prevention programs in the eighties.

The Kansas Family and Children's Trust Fund is an innovative approach to developing funding for community-based family violence prevention programs. Using a legislated trust fund which generates money from marriage license fees, the program has been developed based on three assumptions. First, funding at the federal level for programs to prevent family violence has probably reached its peak and has never been sufficiently secure as to allow for continuity in prevention programs from year to year. Second, there is a trend toward allowing local communities to assume a greater portion of the responsibility for developing social welfare programming. Third, in the long run more can be accomplished with a small amount of money given to a community-based organization which efficiently uses volunteer time than a larger amount of money given to an agency which has a large infrastructure to support. Information on the procedure utilized to enable passage of the Trust Fund legislation is included as well as a discussion of issues that arose in the legislation process. In addition, an explanation of the current funding procedures for accessing Trust Fund moneys is given along with examples of the types of programs that have received funding. Finally, examples are provided of similar approaches that have been used in other states as well as a call for additional innovative approaches to providing funding for child abuse prevention programs.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed2006

The provision and funding of contraceptive services at publicly funded family planning agencies: 1995-2003.

CONTEXT: Publicly funded family planning agencies face significant challenges in delivering quality services to low-income women because of the higher costs of newer contraceptive methods, changes in health care financing and a growing uninsured population. METHODS: In 2003, 627 of a nationally representative sample of 956 U.S. agencies receiving public funding for family planning services responded to an eight-page survey. Responses were compared with results from similar surveys in 1995 and 1999 to describe changes in the availability of contraceptive methods, policies on method provision and funding issues. Variation was examined by agency type and Title X funding status. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2003, the number of contraceptive methods available to women increased and agencies reduced barriers to oral and emergency contraceptives by liberalizing policies for their provision. By 2003, many agencies offered the newest contraceptive methods available-the progestin-only IUD (58%), the patch (76%) and the vaginal ring (39%). However, more than half of agencies did not stock certain methods because of their cost, and some key funding sources had declined. Between 1995 and 2003, the proportion of agencies receiving Medicaid funding fell from 91% to 80%, and the proportion of clients paying full fee for their contraceptive services fell from 19% to 14%. The share of agencies waiving fees for adolescents fell from 66% in 1999 to 44% in 2003. CONCLUSIONS: Continued funding challenges limit the ability of publicly funded providers to offer all available methods to all women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The development of funding policies for hospices: is casemix-based funding an option?

The 1993 health reforms, with their emphasis on the purchasing of defined amounts or units of service, have led to the implementation of casemix-based funding for the acute medical and surgical services of the public hospitals. Despite growing interest in New Zealand in casemix-based funding for non-acute services such as palliative care, the nature of this service and the characteristics of its patient population pose particular difficulties for the development and implementation of casemix. This paper examines the feasibility of implementing casemix-based funding for hospice/palliative care services and discusses the development of casemix classification systems for palliative care. Problems associated with implementing casemix-based funding are considered including: the dual funding of hospices, the multi-agency nature of palliative care service provision and the need for the Health Funding Authority to identify and specify the hospice services it is willing to fund. While it is concluded that these problems will impede the introduction of casemix-based funding of hospice care, they highlight important issues that the hospice movement must address if it is to ensure its future within the new health environment.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed2000

Lessons from the London Initiative Zone Educational Incentives funding: associations between practice characteristics, funding, and courses undertaken.

BACKGROUND: Following the Tomlinson report of 1992, London Initiative Zone Educational Incentives (LIZEI) funding was introduced for a three-year period to improve recruitment, retention, and educational opportunities for general practitioners working within inner London. AIM: To test the hypothesis that general practices that show evidence of good organisation achieved better access to LIZEI funding than less organised practices. METHOD: Observational practice-based study involving all 164 general practices in EAst London and the City Health Authority during the first two years of the scheme, April 1995 to March 1997. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that higher levels of LIZEI funding were associated with practices where there was evidence of good organisation, including higher targets for cervical cytology screening and immunisation rates for under two-year-olds, better asthma prescribing, and training status. Using ten practice and population explanatory variables, multiple regression models were developed for fundholding and non-fundholding practices. Among non-fundholding practices, the asthma prescribing ratio was the variable with the greatest predictive value, explaining 14.7% of the variation in LIZEI funding between practices. Strong positive associations existed between taking further degrees and diplomas, practice size, training, and non-fundholding status. CONCLUSION: Larger practices, training practices, and those that demonstrated aspects of good practice organisation gained more LIZEI funding: an example of the 'inverse funding law'. Practices within a multifund, based in the Newham locality, gained LIZEI funding regardless of practice organisation. Networks of practices, and, potentially, primary care groups, have a role in equalising the opportunities for education and development between practices in east London.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Rhodium-Mediated Asymmetric Hydroformylation with a Novel Bis(diazaphospholidine) Ligand We thank the EPSRC for generous funding of this project, and Prof. D. Games and Dr. B. Stein of the EPSRC Mass Spectrometry Service at Swansea for carrying out analyses of certain compounds. We are also very grateful to the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council for funding the Catalyst Evaluation and Optimisation Service (CATS).

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

"Cap-Tag"-Novel Methods for the Rapid Purification of Oligosaccharides Prepared by Automated Solid-Phase Synthesis Financial support from the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the ACS (ACS-PRF 34649-G1), Merck (Predoctoral Fellowship for E.R.P.), Boehringer-Ingelheim (Predoctoral Fellowship for E.R.P.), and the NIH (Biotechnology Training Grant for M.C.H.) is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for the MIT-DCIF Inova 501 was provided by the NSF (Award CHE-9808061). Funding for the MIT-DCIF Avance (DPX) 400 was provided by the NIH (Award 1S10RR13886-01). We thank Silicycle (Quebec City, Canada) for the generous gift of fluorous silica gel and isocyanate silica gel scavenger resin. We thank Dr. O. Plante for helpful discussions and help with the automated oligosaccharide synthesizer.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Estimated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of federally funded prevention efforts on gonorrhea rates in the United States, 1971-2003, under various assumptions about the impact of prevention funding.

BACKGROUND: Reported gonorrhea incidence rates in the United States declined by 75% from 1975 to 2003 after implementation of a federally funded gonorrhea control program in the mid-1970s. The purpose of this study was to (1) estimate national gonorrhea rates that might have occurred from 1971 to 2003 had there been no federally funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention activities and (2) calculate crude estimates of the cost-effectiveness of these prevention activities. METHODS: Hypothetical gonorrhea rates had there been no federally funded prevention efforts from 1971 to 2003 were estimated based on (1) the amount of federal funding allocated to state and local health departments for STD prevention and (2) a published estimate of the impact of funding on STD rates in the United States. Standard methods of cost-effectiveness analysis were used to calculate the cost per case of gonorrhea prevented. RESULTS: Under base case assumptions about the impact of prevention funding on gonorrhea rates drawn from a published study, prevention efforts were cost saving, meaning that the program costs were less than the averted costs of treating gonorrhea and its associated sequelae. Over the 33-year period, an estimated 32 million cases of gonorrhea were averted by prevention efforts. CONCLUSION: STD prevention efforts appeared to be cost saving when considering only the benefits of gonorrhea prevention. If other benefits were considered (such as the prevention of other STDs), the estimated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of STD prevention in the United States would be even greater.

Capital Financing↗
PubMed2006

The Global Fund Secretariat's suspension of funding to Uganda: how could this have been avoided?

In August 2005, the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund) Secretariat suspended its five grants to Uganda following a PricewaterhouseCoopers audit report that exposed gross mismanagement in the Project Management Unit. How could this have been avoided? How can other countries avoid a similar pitfall? We argue that if a legitimate and fair decision-making process were used, the suspension of funding to Uganda could have been avoided, and that this lesson should be applied to other countries. The "accountability for reasonableness" framework of relevance, publicity, revisions and enforcement would help in implementing legitimate and fair decision-making processes, which would improve effectiveness, accountability and transparency in the implementation of Global Fund programmes, preventing future suspension of funding to any Global Fund projects.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2005

Fund allocation within Australian dental care: an innovative approach to output based funding.

BACKGROUND: Over the last 15 years in Australia the process of funding government health care has changed significantly. The development of dental funding models that transparently meet both the service delivery needs for data at the treatment level and policy makers' need for health condition data is critical to the continued integration of dentistry into the wider health system. METHODS: This paper presents a model of fund allocation that provides a communication construct that addresses the needs of both policy makers and service providers. RESULTS: In this model, dental treatments (dental item numbers) have been grouped into eight broad dental health conditions. Within each dental health condition, a weighted average price is determined using the Department of Veterans Affairs' (DVA) fee schedule as the benchmark, adjusted for the mix of care. The model also adjusts for the efficiency differences between sectors providing government funded dental care. In summary, the price to be applied to a dental health condition category is determined by the weighted average DVA price adjusted by the sector efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: This model allows governments and dental service providers to develop funding agreements that both quantify and justify the treatment to be provided. Such a process facilitates the continued integration of dental care into the wider health system.

Australia↗
PubMed1998

A survey of county boards' views of funding for mental retardation versus funding for mental illness.

The state of Iowa mandates services for persons with mental retardation but not for those with mental illness, resulting in widely divergent spending for the two populations. Members of 98 of the 99 county boards of supervisors were interviewed to determine differences in attitudes about services and funding priorities. Respondents were more willing to provide supportive services to persons with mental retardation and acute treatment to persons with mental illness. Only 16 percent believed that persons with chronic mental illness should be a first priority for mental health funds. Respondents tended to disagree not about whether services should be funded but about who should fund them. Three-fourths believed that the state should fund such services.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2001

The work environment justice fund: five years of funding work environment justice in Massachusetts.

This article provides an assessment of the impact of five years of funding on work environment justice in Massachusetts. It first outlines the economic, historical, and political context in the 1990s in Massachusetts. Next, it describes the distribution of the Work Environment Justice Fund grants in detail by amounts presented, types of organizations and grants funded, and geographic representation of grantees. A discussion of the lessons learned from the work funded by the WEJF introduces a summary of major accomplishments of the grantees. The report concludes with recommendations for continuation and expansion of funding for grassroots work environment justice in Massachusetts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

The use of fund accounting and the need for single fund reporting by institutional healthcare providers. Principles and Practices Board Statement No. 8. Healthcare Financial Management Association.

For many years, hospitals and other institutional healthcare providers used fund accounting as a basis for presenting their financial statements. Recently, authoritative literature has placed less emphasis on separate fund reporting. This is evidenced by the reduction of fund classifications specified in the literature. This trend seems to follow the recognition that institutional healthcare activities should be reported in a manner comparable to other businesses. The Principles and Practices Board (P&P Board) of the Healthcare Financial management Association believes that general purpose financial statements of institutional healthcare providers should be comparable to reporting by other businesses. That is, all assets, liabilities, and equity are presented in a single aggregated balance sheet without differentiation by fund. This form of presentation, referred to in this statement as single fund reporting, should be used by all institutional healthcare providers including those that are part of HMOs, universities, municipalities, and other larger entities when separate reports of the provider are issued. The P&P Board is studying other significant issues concerning the reporting of revenues and components of equity and changes therein. The conclusion in this statement can be implemented even though conclusions on these related subjects are not yet complete. The P&P Board recognizes that certain circumstances may require detailed records and reports for special purposes. This statement deals only with those general purpose financial statements on which an independent accountant's opinion is expressed.

Accounting↗
PubMed1985

Federally funded CMHCs: the effects of period of initial funding and hospital affiliation.

Previous research on federally funded community mental health centers has largely failed to recognize fundamental differences among different types of centers. Here we show that such basic factors as the arrangement for providing inpatient services and the period of initial federal funding have large effects on the development and organization of a center. Although the centers joining the federal program from 1965-1970 are the largest, those facilities funded between 1971-1975 are generally smaller than those funded later. The arrangement for providing inpatient services has an important effect on staffing. This work suggests the national norms may not be the most useful data for evaluating past performance or planning the future of a specific center.

Budgets↗
PubMed2002

Risk-adjusted capitation funding models for chronic disease in Australia: alternatives to casemix funding.

Under Australian casemix funding arrangements that use Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) the average price is policy based, not benchmarked. Cost weights are too low for State-wide chronic disease services. Risk-adjusted Capitation Funding Models (RACFM) are feasible alternatives. A RACFM was developed for public patients with cystic fibrosis treated by an Australian Health Maintenance Organization (AHMO). Adverse selection is of limited concern since patients pay solidarity contributions via Medicare levy with no premium contributions to the AHMO. Sponsors paying premium subsidies are the State of Victoria and the Federal Government. Cost per patient is the dependent variable in the multiple regression. Data on DRG 173 (cystic fibrosis) patients were assessed for heteroskedasticity, multicollinearity, structural stability and functional form. Stepwise linear regression excluded non-significant variables. Significant variables were 'emergency' (1276.9), 'outlier' (6377.1), 'complexity' (3043.5), 'procedures' (317.4) and the constant (4492.7) (R(2)=0.21, SE=3598.3, F=14.39, Prob<0.0001. Regression coefficients represent the additional per patient costs summed to the base payment (constant). The model explained 21% of the variance in cost per patient. The payment rate is adjusted by a best practice annual admission rate per patient. The model is a blended RACFM for in-patient, out-patient, Hospital In The Home, Fee-For-Service Federal payments for drugs and medical services; lump sum lung transplant payments and risk sharing through cost (loss) outlier payments. State and Federally funded home and palliative services are 'carved out'. The model, which has national application via Coordinated Care Trials and by Australian States for RACFMs may be instructive for Germany, which plans to use Australian DRGs for casemix funding. The capitation alternative for chronic disease can improve equity, allocative efficiency and distributional justice. The use of Diagnostic Cost Groups (DCGs) is a promising alternative classification system for capitation arrangements.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

What influences recruitment to randomised controlled trials? A review of trials funded by two UK funding agencies.

BACKGROUND: A commonly reported problem with the conduct of multicentre randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is that recruitment is often slower or more difficult than expected, with many trials failing to reach their planned sample size within the timescale and funding originally envisaged. The aim of this study was to explore factors that may have been associated with good and poor recruitment in a cohort of multicentre trials funded by two public bodies: the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme. METHODS: The cohort of trials was identified from the administrative databases held by the two funding bodies. 114 trials that recruited participants between 1994 and 2002 met the inclusion criteria. The full scientific applications and subsequent trial reports submitted by the trial teams to the funders provided the principal data sources. Associations between trial characteristics and recruitment success were tested using the Chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test where appropriate. RESULTS: Less than a third (31%) of the trials achieved their original recruitment target and half (53%) were awarded an extension. The proportion achieving targets did not appear to improve over time. The overall start to recruitment was delayed in 47 (41%) trials and early recruitment problems were identified in 77 (63%) trials. The inter-relationship between trial features and recruitment success was complex. A variety of strategies were employed to try to increase recruitment, but their success could not be assessed. CONCLUSION: Recruitment problems are complex and challenging. Many of the trials in the cohort experienced recruitment difficulties. Trials often required extended recruitment periods (sometimes supported by additional funds). While this is of continuing concern, success in addressing the trial question may be more important than recruitment alone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Availability of funds to provide health services in the Pacific Basin--HHS. Notice of availability of funds.

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) announces that up to $331,000 is available under section 301 of the Public Health Service (PHS) ACT 42 U.S.C. 241, for funding public and non-profit private entities for projects to build capacity and improve health services and systems, particularly preventive health services, in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau and to provide technical assistance relative to such projects. In recognition of the extent of funding available, these funds will be available only to continue activities currently receiving funds under the section 301 Pacific Initiative grant authority. HRSA will entertain applications from current grantees for supplemental grants to modify project activities, and from eligible organizations for competing continuation grant awards to extend project activities.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed2004

The interface between publicly funded and industry-funded research in pediatric psychopharmacology: opportunities for integration and collaboration.

Pediatric psychopharmacology research is undergoing a major expansion consequent to increasing use of psychotropic medications in children and recent legislative incentives to industry. In this rapidly changing context, the interface between publicly and privately funded research needs to be reconsidered to integrate activities and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts. Once, by default, the almost exclusive domain of public research, child research is now increasingly funded by industry. There are, however, important issues unlikely to be addressed through private funding for which public support is needed, such as direct comparisons between active medications, between pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, or between combined and single treatment modalities; development of effective treatment strategies for patients unresponsive to first-line treatments; development of better research methods to assess efficacy and safety; identification of moderators and mechanisms of treatment response; and impact of treatment on illness course and prognosis. Industry-sponsored research is limited by the restricted access to proprietary databases, which impedes independent analyses and meta-analyses. Translation of basic neuroscience discoveries into treatment applications for children with mental illness is a critical area of inquiry that can benefit from integration of efforts and collaborations among academia, government, and industry.

Adolescent↗