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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Nuclear proteins and nucleic acids during differentiation of neurons in the spinal cord ganglia, spinal cord and tectum opticum in chickens. Cytophotometric study with computation programs].

By means of doublewave cytophotometry of the histological sections and smears performed with the device mtsfv-1 (lomo) it has been demonstrated that differentiation of some neurons of the spinal ganglia and the spinal cord is accompanied with hyperreplication of DNA amount exceeding the diploid contents, while the large neurons in layer III of the tectum opticum remain diploid. In the process of differentiation an increased amount of RNA and histones, and decreasing portion of histones sented for the microcalculator b3-21.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of nerve growth factor and amizil on the viability and metabolism of cultured spinal ganglia].

Spinal ganlia of a 9-day chick embryo were cultivated by the method of "floating rafts" in common medium (control) and in the medium containing amizyl (100 microgram/ml) or a neuregrowth factor (50 microgram/ml). With the action of amizyl there proved to be an increase in the number of surviving neurons; the majority of these neurons contained monoaminoxidase; there was a rise of NAD-diaphorase activity, and, to a lesser extent, of lactic dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase activities. The neurogrowth factor caused an increase in the number of nerve cells with acetylcholinesterase; there was an elevation of NAD-diaphorase and some rise of malic dehydrogenase activities; the activity of lactic dehydrogenase became maximal; as to succinic dehydrogenase--its activity was somewhat suppressed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of epidural morphine anesthesia on NO-ergic activity of nociceptive neurons of spinal ganglia and spinal cord].

The effect of epidural morphine anesthesia on NO-ergic mechanisms was studied during primary and secondary sensitization. Nitro-oxide synthase (NOS) activity was evaluated by the method of Home and Vincent (1989) (identification of NADPH diaphorase). NOS and NADPH diaphorase are two double enzymes in cells with synchronously changing activity. NOS activity corresponds to the level of NO secretion. The enzyme was measured on a microdensitometer. The findings evidence active involvement of NO-ergic mechanisms in the formation of primary and secondary hyperalgesia, and injection of morphine caused a significant decrease in the count of NO-expressing neurons in the total number of cells with high and average activities of the enzyme.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Substance P-like immunoreactivity in cultured spinal ganglia from chick embryos.

The localization of substance P (SP) or a SP-like peptide in cultured ganglia from chick embryos was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Ganglia from 8-16 days old chick embryos and from newly hatched chickens were cultured in a control medium or in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF). Addition of colchicine and exposure to different explanted peripheral tissues were also tried. Ganglia from the younger embryos (8-12 days) cultured for 24 h with added NGF showed a weak SP-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in some cell bodies and strong specific immunofluorescence in nerve fibres growing out from the ganglia. In spinal ganglia of the older embryos (14 and 16 days) and newly hatched chickens cultured with and without NGF the concentration of SPLI in the cell bodies was considerably higher. Addition of colchicine to spinal ganglia cultured 12 h in NGF-medium, resulted in retraction of nerve fibres and strongly fluorescent, expanded nerve fibres were observed in peripheral parts of the ganglia. Explants of skin placed near the spinal ganglia stimulated the outgrowth of fibres, some of them containing SPLI. A few fluorescent fibres were also seen within the skin explants. Also heart tissue explants stimulated outgrowth of nerve fibres, but innervation of these explants with SPLI-containing nerves could not be observed. Nerve fibre-extension from the spinal ganglia was not stimulated by spinal cord explants. The present results support the existence of SP-containing primary sensory neurons in chickens.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Connections between spinal ganglia in the pathogenesis of reflex-distant pain syndromes].

Using the complex of the neurohistological research methods the author studied spinal ganglia, spinal cord (37 dogs) following the removal of groups of the spinal ganglia in the cervical and thoracic sections. Widely spread distant receptor-reflex systems of the connections between spinal ganglia accompanied by dendrites and axones were revealed. The fibres of these systems pass in the Bechterew intermediate regions of the posterior columns of the spinal cord. The straight interneuronal connections between the cervical and lumbar spinal ganglia were found. On the basis of the obtained data the author conducted analysis of the mechanism of the occurrence of reflex-distant pain syndromes in patients with ganglio-radiculoneuralgia in degenerative diseases of the vertebral column. The reflex-distant syndrome occurs due to irritation of spinal ganglion neurons accomplishing distant ganglion connections.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Nuclear and mitochondrial changes of co-cultivated spinal cord, spinal ganglia and muscle fibers following treatment with various doses of zidovudine.

Long-term zidovudine (also termed azidothymidine, AZT) treatment of AIDS patients may cause severe myopathy characterized by conspicuous mitochondrial and nuclear changes. The mitochondrial changes are attributed to an inhibitory effect of AZT on the mitochondrial gamma-polymerase in a variety of cells. Inhibition of the nuclear alpha-polymerase is another well-known side effect of AZT, whereas the (nuclear) beta-polymerase appears to be rather insensitive. The nuclear changes seen in AIDS patients are usually considered secondary to the human immunodeficiency virus infection. To eliminate the influence of the virus on the nuclei, we studied the effect of AZT on non-infected, organotypic co-cultures of spinal ganglia, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle from fetal rats. We noted significant changes not only in the mitochondria but also in the nuclei of spinal ganglia, spinal cord, and muscle cells, which depended more on the duration of AZT application (1, 3, 5, and 8 days) than on the concentration (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 microM). The alterations of the mitochondria consisted mainly of swelling, loss of cristae and, finally, disappearance. The nuclei showed nucleolar segregation, marginal condensation of heterochromatin, formation of interchromatin and perichromatin granules, nuclear protrusions and pseudoinclusions and, finally, disintegration. The changes were not as pleomorphic as those seen in biopsy specimens from AIDS patients who had received long-term treatment with AZT. However, this difference can easily be attributed to the short duration of drug application in tissue culture compared to the long-term medication in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Routes of blood flow away from human spinal ganglia].

Blood outflow from the spinal ganglia is accomplished along the deferent veins of the lateral part of the ganglia into the intravertebral veins (for most of cervical ganglia--into the veins surrounding the spinal cord artery), from the medial part of the ganglia--along the deferent veins into the longitudinal veins of the interal spinal plexus. Analysing total cross section area of the deferent veins of the spinal ganglia, we were able to reveal a gradual increases in cross section area from the cervical towards the lumbar veins, and a decrease towards the sacral veins. A ratio of total cross section area of the deferent veins to the volume unit of the ganglia substance characterizes capacitance density of the deferent venous bed of the spinal ganglia and is 0.01--0.014 mm2 per 1 mm3.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Possible removal route of osmiophilic material (lipofuscin) from spinal ganglia of Torpedo marmorata.

The spinal ganglia of Torpedo marmorata have been studied in semithin and ultrathin sections with the view to study the formation and possible mode of removal of lipofuscin. This study suggests that osmiophilic bodies among them lipofuscin originate from degenerating mitochondria. These osmiophilic products concentrate at the neuronal cell border with the satellite cells. The satellite cells have long dense membranous processes which interdigitate, forming a compact myelin sheath but also loosely arranged membranes surrounded by vacuolated plasma. The perinuclear cytoplasmic portion of the satellite cell however contains a rich assemblage of cell organelles well provided for an active metabolism. In this active area which invaginates the neuronal cytoplasm, osmiophilic granules but smaller can be seen, similar to those in the neighbouring neuron. Similar granules are found in cells within the connective tissue space and in the capillary wall. Satellite cells appear not only to be ensheathing cells, providing a perineuronal myelin cover but also capable of removing intra-neuronal debris. It appears that these osmiophilic bodies are taken to the capillary wall by detached satellites or 'handed on' to phagocytes having penetrated between the ensheathing satellites. These cells could take the osmiophilic material to capillaries.

Animals↗