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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Garbage, work, and health: a case study of garbage pickers at the metropolitan landfill in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil].

This article presents the results of a study on the lives, work, and health conditions of garbage pickers in the largest metropolitan landfill in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Using a semi-structured questionnaire with open-ended and closed questions, the study interviewed these individuals and developed a discussion of their daily lives, work, and health conditions. According to a quantitative-qualitative analysis, the garbage pickers identified garbage as a source of survival and defined health simply as the ability to work. They thus tended to neglect the relationship between work and health. However, the risks and reported morbidity highlighted the hazardous nature of this activity, aggravated by their living and housing conditions. Finally, the article emphasizes the importance of establishing public policies that integrate different dimensions of the problem, such as social inclusion, environmental preservation, public health, and the dignity of these workers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[From GIGO (garbage in, garbage out) to KABA (correct disease-relevant consultation, treatment-relevant response)--principles for effective diagnosis of infection].

In the era of cost containment in health care, medical microbiology also faces the challenge of cost-effective use of microbiological diagnostics. However, problems do not arise primarily within the laboratory during analysis of clinical specimens, but also during the pre-analytical stage, i.e. indication, sampling, storing and transporting of microbiological samples. This situation is emphasized drastically by the acronym GIGO, "Garbage In, Garbage Out". To overcome this unsatisfactory situation both clinicians and microbiologists have to improve communication and collaboration which is the basis for the rational diagnosis of infection and therapy. Examples of inadequate microbiological investigations together with the correct use of blood cultures are given.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Human errors in data transfer during the preparation and delivery of radiation treatment affecting the final result: "garbage in, garbage out".

Due to the large number of steps and the number of persons involved in the preparation of a radiation treatment, the transfer of information from one step to the next is a very critical point. Errors due to inadequate transfer of information will be reflected in every next step and can seriously affect the final result of the treatment. We studied the frequency and the sources of the transfer errors. A total number of 464 new treatments has been checked over a period of 9 months (January to October 1990). Erroneous data transfer has been detected in 139/24,128 (less than 1%) of the transferred parameters; they affected 26% (119/464) of the checked treatments. Twenty-five of these deviations could have led to large geographical miss or important over- or underdosage (much more than 5%) of the organs in the irradiated volume, thus increasing the complications or decreasing the tumour control probability, if not corrected. Such major deviations, only occurring in 0.1% of the transferred parameters, affected 5% (25/464) of the new treatments. The sources of these large deviations were nearly always human mistakes, whereas a considerable number of the smaller deviations were, in fact, consciously taken decisions to deviate from the intended treatment. Nearly half of the major deviations were introduced during input of the data in the check-and-confirm system, demonstrating that a system aimed to prevent accidental errors, can lead to a considerable number of systematic errors if used as an uncontrolled set-up system. The results of this study show that human mistakes can seriously affect the outcome of patient treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Garbage in-garbage out: influence of preanalytical variables on hematological analysis].

Preanalytical factors have a significant impact on the quality of hematological analyses and must not be disregarded during clinical interpretation of laboratory data. Besides unchangeable physiological variables such as age, sex, race, patient preparation, an expert phlebotomy, rapid transport to the laboratory as well as many other variable factors play a crucial role in obtaining correct laboratory results. More advanced tests (erythrocyte enzymes, evaluation of hemoglobinopathies, molecular biology, flowcytometric characterization of leucocytes etc.) performed by specialized centers require special preanalytical measures. The centers should be consulted about the preanalytical conditions before blood sampling is performed or--if possible--the patient should be sent to these centers for phlebotomy.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Urban garbage disposal and management in China.

This paper, probing into the present situation of urban domestic garbage by analyzing its growing trend, compositional change and regional difference, reveals the problems existing in its disposal and management in China. Meanwhile, a questionnaire was conducted in five big cities around China for surveying urban residents' attitudes towards garbage disposal and management policies and measures. Results showed the output of urban domestic garbage in Chinese cities is ever increasing, and the recoverable materials and energy in garbage composition are also increasing. The population growth, economic development, and increase of residents' expenditure level are the main factors influencing the growing output and changing composition of the garbage. Information acquired from the questionnaire showed that majority of the urban residents are in favor of the garbage reduction policies and managerial measures and are willing to collaborate with municipal government in battling against garbage. Based on the analysis and questionnaire, some policymaking-oriented suggestions such as operating the garbage disposal from a social welfare service to a sector of profit-gaining enterprises, transferring the garbage management from passive end control to active source control, promoting the classified garbage collection in cities around China, and charging garbage fees for its cleanup and disposal, have also been put forward in the paper.

China↗
PubMed2006

[Does living nearby a garbage dumping site degrade the quality of life? A case study based on Shin-dong Myeon residents, Chun-cheon Si].

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine if a garbage dumping site has real and negative influence on the quality of life (QOL) for the nearby residents. The net effects of the residential distance from the garbage dumping site and from the garbage truck route were investigated for five domains of the QOL. METHODS: Two hundred fifty seven Shin-dong Myeon residents, Chun-cheon Si, participated in a self-administrated survey. The Shin-dong Myeon garbage dumping site began operating in 1996. ANCOVA with generalized linear models and multiple regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: Descriptive analyses show that a residence nearby a garbage dumping site is negatively associated with the physical and environmental domains of the QOL. The residential distance from the garbage truck route does not exert any significant effect on various domains of QOL, except for the environmental domain. On the multivariate analysis, the residents living near the garbage dumping site tended to have a significantly negative QOL in the physical and environmental domains. However, the distance from the garbage truck route did not show a significant nor substantial effect on the QOL. The demographic and socioeconomic control variables are associated with a number of the QOL domains, and their patterns are consistent with the general expectations. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that a garbage dumping site is considered to be an environmental hazard among the nearby residents according to the lower scores on the physical and environmental domains of the QOL. The findings from this study provide comprehensive\ understanding on the residents' QOL, and they may help politicians and policy makers make decisions for appropriate interventions.

Environmental Exposure↗