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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on ascorbic acid concentrations in plasma, gastric mucosa, gastric juice and urine--a double-blind study in healthy subjects.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated concentrations of ascorbic acid (ASC) in gastric mucosa, gastric juice, urine and plasma in healthy subjects under steady state and fasted conditions with and without concomitant administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in healthy subjects. It has assessed the effects of a 6-day administration of 0.8 g ASA or 0.48 g ASC, 3 times daily and the combination of both on concentrations of ASC in gastric mucosa, gastric juice, urine and plasma. Treatments were switched after 6 days without any washout for assessment of compartment sensitivity to changes in study medication resulting in an overall 14-day study period. Each of the 3 treatment groups consisted of 15 subjects. RESULTS: ASC concentrations were highest in the gastric mucosa (251+/-11 microg/g), followed by gastric juice (29+/-6 microg/ml), plasma (10+/-0.2 microg/ml), and urine (5+/-1 microg/ml). On day 7, ASC concentrations in gastric mucosa, plasma and urine had increased in those groups receiving ASC and decreased in the group receiving ASA only. All differences were statistically significant and indicate an interaction with ASA. In gastric juice, differences in ASC concentrations between the treatment groups were not statistically significant between baseline and day 7. ASC concentrations in plasma were strongly correlated with corresponding ASC concentrations in gastric mucosa (r = 0.34) and urine (r = 0.83), as were ASC concentrations in gastric mucosa with ASC in urine (r = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: The gastric mucosa is the largest depot of ASC in the human body with ASC concentrations 25 times higher than in plasma. In healthy subjects, clinically relevant doses of ASA reduced ASC concentrations in gastric mucosa by about 10% within 6 days resulting from antioxidative defense mechanisms. In patients with long-term ASA treatment or conditions with additional risks such as elderly subjects with unfavorable dietary conditions and impaired antioxidative protection, a protective adjunct administration of ASC appears to be beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of three kinds of decoction on histopathology of gastric mucosa, gastric pH and the content of bile acid in experimental chronic gastritis in rats].

Experimental chronic gastritis (ECG) models were established in rats by inserting a spring into pyloric canal as well as feeding sodium deoxycholate. An experiment was undertaken to observe the therapeutic effects of three formulas of traditional Chinese medicine "Shipitong", "Ganpingyangwei" and "Weile". The experimental results show that all of the three decoctions can reduce gastric pH and bile acid of the ECG rats and make gastric mucosal histomorphology of these rats change markedly.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Morphology of the gastric mucosa, gastric secretion and serum gastrin concentration following a test meal.

In 32 subjects, the HCl secretion, the histological state of the antral and fundic mucosa and the gastrin response to a liquid meal extract were studied. Atrophy of the antrum was associated with normal gastrin concentration in the fasting state and after the test meal, in the presence of normal fundic mucosa and HCl secretion. In achlorhydria and atrophic gastritis, fasting gastrinemia was significantly elevated in subjects with a normal antrum, and only moderately increased in subjects with an atrophic antrum. The gastrin response to feeding was correlated to the fasting gastrin concentration in achlorhydric subjects with normal antral mucosa, in contrast to a uniformly reduced output in achlorhydric subjects with atrophic lesions of the antral mucosa.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1997

Expression of differential nitric oxide synthase isoforms in human normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer tissue.

The present study investigated the expression and distribution of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in different anatomical regions of the human stomach and in gastric neoplastic tissues by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies. Intracellular localization of individual isoenzymes of NOS was detected in normal gastric mucosa. Gastric cancer tissues had a marked reduction of all three NOS isoforms expression. The expression of the endothelial NOS, neuronal NOS and inducible NOS in the tumor tissue was significantly lower than in normal gastric mucosa (P = 0.01, P = 0.02, P < 0.01, respectively). In the tumor tissue the expression of inducible NOS was significantly lower than the expression of both constitutive forms of NOS (P < 0.01). There was a tendency to higher expression of both constitutive forms of NOS in earlier stages T2 of the tumor compared to advanced T4 tumor. In contrast, the expression of inducible NOS was higher than in the advanced T4 tumor than in the earlier stages T2 of the tumor. The mapping of the expression of endothelial NOS, neuronal NOS and inducible NOS in human stomach showed higher expression of NOS isoforms in the distal third than in the proximal third of the stomach (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, P = 0.01, respectively). We conclude that there is greater expression of NOS in the stomach corpus and in antrum than in the proximal third of the normal human stomach mirroring the anatomical predilection of common pathological changes in this part of the human stomach. Furthermore, there was loss of the expression of individual isoenzymes in gastric neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory effect of sulindac sulfoxide and sulfide on gastric mucosa.

Gastric injury resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is thought to require direct contact of the drug with the gastric mucosa. An inactive form of a drug (as a prodrug) should protect against mucosal damage. Because sulindac sulfoxide has little effect on prostaglandin synthesis until it is reduced to sulindac sulfide after absorption, we performed a double-blind, crossover endoscopic study in 15 normal subjects to compare the prodrug sulindac sulfoxide (200 mg b.i.d.), the active sulfide metabolite sulindac sulfide (100 mg b.i.d., which yields similar sulfide blood concentrations), a positive control (aspirin, 650 mg q.i.d.), and a negative control (placebo). Each drug was taken for 1 week and gastric mucosa were endoscopically assessed before and after 2, 5, and 7 days of dosing. Aspirin predictably damaged the gastric mucosa, whereas the effects of sulindac sulfoxide and sulindac sulfide could not be distinguished from those of the placebo. We conclude that sulindac sulfoxide as a prodrug is not directly responsible for the reduced severity of gastric mucosal lesions. Both sulindac sulfoxide and sulindac sulfide are poorly soluble in acid gastric contents and the reduced damage may relate to the inability of high concentrations of the drug to enter gastric mucosal cells.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of DNA content in glandular expansion and adenocarcinoma of gastric mucosa].

Gastric mucosa biopsies from 61 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and glandular expansion of different nature were used to study DNA content with photo-cytometry technique. It was found that the number of diploid and near diploid cells in simple glandular expansion and dysplastic glandular expansion of gastric mucosa gradually decreased and finally disappeared in gastric adenocarcinoma. The proliferating diploid cells increased with the seriousness of the dysplastic hyperplasia and the DNA ploidy patterns illustrated in histogram became widened with a right shift of the highest peak with a significant increase of the DNA content, moreover, aneuploid cells could also be found. The DNA content of cell nucleus and the ploidy histogram of the grade III dysplastic glandular expansion approached those of tubular adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Effects of bile reflux and intragastric microflora changes on lesions of remnant gastric mucosa after gastric operation.

AIM: To investigate the effects of bile reflux and intragastric microflora changes on lesions of remnant gastric mucosa after gastric operation. METHODS: Concentration of bile acid and total bacterial counts (TBC) in gastric juice were measured in 49 patients with peptic ulcer before and after gastrectomy. One year after the operation, sample of gastric mucosa taken from all the patients were used for histological examination. RESULTS: The concentration of gastric bile acid was significantly increased in group B-I, or B-II and SV+A than that in group HSV (P<0.05-0.01). The abnormal histological changes in the remnant gastric mucosa were more common in the first 2 groups than in the last group. CONCLUSION: The type of gastrectomy can affect bile reflux. The abnormal histological changes in the remnant gastric mucosa are closely related to the elevation of bile acid concentration and increase of TBC in gastric juice. HSV can effectively prevent bile reflux and keep the gastric physiological functions stable.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of Jianwei Yuyang Granules on expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in gastric mucosa of gastric ulcer patients].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Jianwei Yuyang Granules on the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the gastric mucosa of gastric ulcer patients. METHODS: Sixty gastric ulcer patients (final diagnosis by gastroscope) were randomly divided into Jianwei Yuyang Granules treated group (JWYY group, n=30) and western medicine treated group (control group, n=30). Ten patients without gastric mucosa lesion were treated as normal control group. The expression of EGFR in the mucosa was tested by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Expression of EGFR and EGFR mRNA was not observed in patients without gastric mucosa lesion, and slight expression was observed in the edge of ulcer region of the gastric ulcer patients. The expression of EGFR and EGFR mRNA was increased in JWYY group and control group. CONCLUSION: Jianwei Yuyang Granules enhances the expression of EGFR in the mucosa of gastric ulcer patients to prevent peptic ulcer recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Substrate dependency for HCl secretion by isolated piglet gastric mucosa.

Gastric mucosa was isolated from newborn piglets and bathed with balanced salt solutions. In the presence of glucose (ca. 0.01 M), this gastric preparation has been shown to be responsive to histamine by relatively prompt and vigorous H+ secretory rates. Secretion is dependent on glucose concentration in the serosal bathing solution, showing saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of about 2 mM glucose. Acetate and pyruvate were about as effective as glucose in sustaining H+ secretory rates. Short-chain fatty acids supported secretory rates that were significantly lower than rates measured with glucose. The order of effectiveness was butyrate greater than valerate greater than hexanoate greater than propionate. The results show absolute dependence of H+ secretion by piglet gastric mucosa on exogenous substrate and the preferential utilization of carbohydrate sources as substrates for secretion. They suggest that it is unlikely for any specialized and essential involvement of fatty acids in the primary H+ secretory mechanism as had been previously proposed.

Acetates↗
PubMed1995

Expression of pulmonary surfactant protein D in rat gastric mucosa.

Gastric mucosa is protected from an acidic lumenal environment by an extracellular layer composed in part of phospholipids that are similar in composition to the phospholipids of lung surfactant. The function and metabolic processing of lung surfactant is regulated, in part, by surfactant specific proteins. We speculated that the gastric extracellular acid barrier might be regulated by such proteins. We demonstrate by RNA blot analysis, RT-PCR, and immunostaining and protein blot the synthesis of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in mucus-secreting cells of the gastric mucosa. SP-D protein and mRNA were not detected in the duodenum and the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract. We speculate that SP-D may participate in the regulation of secretion or assembly of the gastric acid barrier. Alternatively, SP-D may participate in gastric mucosal host defense.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An immunohistochemical study of copper, zinc-containing superoxide dismutase detected by a monoclonal antibody gastric mucosa and gastric cancer.

The immunohistochemical localization of copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in human gastric mucosa and gastric cancer was studied using a monoclonal antibody. In gastric mucosa, parietal cells, pyloric glandular cells and foci of intestinal metaplasia showed positive staining in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. The wide distribution of Cu, Zn-SOD in the gastric mucosa suggests cell function may be vulnerable to active oxygen species. In gastric cancer, 34 of 70 cases showed a positive reaction for Cu, Zn-SOD. There was a relationship between the grade of Cu,Zn-SOD immunoreactivity and the histological type of gastric cancer, well-differentiated types of gastric cancer being more frequently positive. The positive cases of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma were characterized by a pattern of diffusely infiltrative invasion. These results suggest that some types of gastric cancer are resistant to active oxygen species.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1966

Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in human gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma tissue.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were demonstrated electrophoretically in human fundic and pyloric gastric mucosae and in gastric carcinoma tissue. Fundic gastric mucosa consistently displayed a pattern with predominance of LD1, LD2, and LD3. Pyloric gastric mucosa and cancer tissue consistently had identical patterns with a predominance of LD2, LD3, and LD4, differing significantly from the LDH isoenzyme pattern of fundic mucosa. The LDH isoenzyme pattern characteristic of fundic mucosa extended very close to the histological junction between body and pyloric gastric mucosa and was not affected by the presence of gastritis in the stomach. These results serve to demonstrate yet another difference between mucosa from the acid-secreting and the pyloric areas of the human stomach.

Gastric Mucosa↗
PubMed1986

Lectin histochemistry of galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine glycoconjugates in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer and the relationship with ABO and secretor status.

The histochemical binding of four lectin-peroxidase conjugates to normal human gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma is described. The lectins were peanut agglutinin (PNA) which is specific for galactose residues and soy bean agglutinin (SBA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) which are specific for N-acetylgalactosamine. Binding of PNA to surface mucous cells or normal gastric mucosa occurred in non-secretors but not secretors and was independent of ABO blood group at all sites. PNA binding was unrelated to the immunohistochemical demonstration of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. DBA and HPA bound selectively to surface mucous cells in normal gastric mucosa from group A secretors but binding at other sites was independent of ABO status. SBA binding showed no relationship with blood group or secretor status. In gastric cancers the major finding was the occurrence of extensive masking of lectin binding sites by sialic acid which was not seen in normal mucosa. Sialic acid masking was most marked with PNA and least marked with DBA. There was no correlation between lectin binding patterns and the stage or differentiation of tumours. Results are consistent with in vitro studies demonstrating increased sialation of membrane glycoproteins following malignant transformation. Difficulties in interpreting the histochemical demonstration of lectin binding in terms of specific glycoconjugates are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of obstructive jaundice on the electrophysiological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and gastric acid secretion in rats].

To elucidate the effect of jaundice on the electrophysiological characteristics of the gastric mucosa and gastric acid secretion, gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) and gastric acid secretion were measured in rats with obstructive jaundice. Also transepithelial potential difference (TEPD), short circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial electrical resistance (Rt) were measured in the isolated gastric mucosa of rats with obstructive jaundice. Secondly, to confirm whether the alteration of these parameters were induced by jaundice and increased serum bile acids in the jaundiced rats, the effects of biliary drainage on the electrophysiological characteristics and gastric acid secretion, and the effects of bile acid (TCA) on TEPD, Isc, Rt were evaluated. PD, TEPD, Isc and gastric acid secretion were reduced in the jaundiced rats, and tended to recover after biliary drainage. TEPD and Isc were reduced significantly by TCA administration. These results suggest that active ion transport in the gastric mucosal cells and gastric acid secretion are impaired in jaundiced rats and the increased serum bile acid in jaundiced rats may cause these dysfunctions and the impaired active ionic transport function is improved by biliary drainage.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of bile salts on carbonic anhydrase from rat and human gastric mucosa.

Gastric carbonic anhydrase (CA) is believed to play an important role related to cytoprotection, and duodenogastric reflux of bile salts (BS) is suspected of having a causal role in many pathologic conditions. Thus, we decided to investigate the effect of free and conjugated BS on human and rat gastric CA activity. Cholate exerted the most potent inhibitory activity on both human (I50 = 2.24 mM) and rat (I50 = 1.68 mM) gastric CA, followed by glycochenodeoxycholate and taurocholate (I50 = 6.90 mM and 13.67 mM on rat gastric CA). Human and rat whole bile produced 10-90% and 20-40% inhibition of gastric CA of the same species. Since the concentrations of free and conjugated BS tested in this study can be found in the postgastrectomized stomach, our data suggest that inhibition of gastric CA might be one mechanism contributing to the gastric mucosa damage caused by BS refluxing into the stomach after gastric surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Influence of water-immersion stress on synthesis of mucus glycoprotein in the rat gastric mucosa.

Gastric mucous cells of rats subjected to water-immersion stress were incubated with [3H]-palmitic acid and [14C]-N-acetylgalactosamine. The peptidyl-tRNA released by gastric polysomes was precipitated with cold ethanol and then the content was determined. A 70% reduction in the peptidyl-tRNA isolated was observed in the stressed rats, as compared with in control rats. The peptide recovered from the peptidyl-tRNA showed 30-50% less [3H]-palmitic acid and [14C]-N-acetylgalactosamine incorporation in the stressed rats than in normal controls. It was thus suggested that translation, acylation and glycosylation of the peptides in the ribosomes of the gastric mucosa were remarkably affected by the stress.

Acetylgalactosamine↗