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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1959

Microbial fermentation in certain mammals.

The fermentation in the caecum and large intestine of ruminants is negligible compared with that in the rumen. In small ruminants the rate per unit contents is faster than in large ones, due to faster turnover. The cellulolytic bacteria of several ruminants are similar but differ in nutritional requirements.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Rearing of germfree and monocontaminated chicks in rigid plastic isolators.

A Plexiglas isolator for rearing germfree vertebrates is described. Plastic components were precut and finished by a Plexiglas supplier. This equipment is relatively inexpensive; moreover, neither special facilities nor skills are required in their construction. Advantages of this type of isolator are: readily dismantled for cleaning, durable, excellent visibility of the interior, and minimal maintenance. In 30 separate groups of animals, 27 of these yielded germfree chicks. Many of these chicks were reared germfree for 4 weeks; and several were maintained for about 2 months, without microbial contamination. Pure cultures of Candida albicans, Streptococcus faecalis, and Clostridium perfringens were established as monocontaminations in the intestinal tracts of chickens. In contrast, Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 9220 failed to grow in the gut of chicks, following peroral administration of this organism. All chicks described were employed on other experiments, and were killed for various assays at times specified.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Gastrointestinal microflora of mutton birds (Puffinus tenuirostris) in relation to "limy" disease.

Mushin, Rose (University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) and Frances M. Ashburner. Gastrointestinal microflora of mutton birds (Puffinus tenuirostris) in relation to "limy" disease. J. Bacteriol. 83:1260-1267. 1962.-The aerobic bacterial intestinal flora of mutton birds, healthy and affected with "limy" disease, was investigated, mainly in birds from Great Dog Island, Bass Strait, Australia. A total of 1,274 specimens from gut on post-mortem and from cloacal swabs was examined. No indication was obtained of a pathogenic bacterial species concerned in "limy" disease. A study was made of the types of organisms and their distribution in the gut of mutton birds. The sparsity, or occasional absence, of aerobic bacterial flora in some birds, especially adults, was noticed. The "limy" birds, by comparison with normal chicks, had a richer flora more evenly distributed through the alimentary canal. A higher ratio of gram-negative to gram-positive bacterial types was recorded in chicks; adult birds had a lower or an even numerical ratio. The comparatively frequent occurrence of Proteus species, except P. mirabilis, and of irregular and intermediate coliform types was evident. Escherichia coli type I was not a constant inhabitant of the gut. The gram-positive flora consisted mostly of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, S. lactis, and Enterococcus. The possibility that "limy" disease may be caused by physiological factors is discussed.

Animals↗