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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Congenital anomalies of the genitourinary tract].

Genitourinary tract anomalies found at birth arise from a variety of sex differentiation disorders occurred during fetal development. It is important to know and identify common congenital anomalies of genitalia for disclosing underlying genetic and/or endocrine disorders of newborn at very early stage of life as well as for determining proper sex of neonate. This article presents several genital anomalies from an obstetric point of view and simply describes their handlings.

Female↗

PubMed1981

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and associated anomalies in the genitourinary tract.

Genitourinary anomalies were looked for in patients with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In a prospective series of 64 patients investigated by intravenous pyelography, 13 were abnormal (20.6%). In a retrospective series of 232 patients, 6 had anomalies of the upper urinary tract (2.7%). In this latter series the incidence of inguinal hernia (3.4%), undescended testes (3.0%), and hypospadias (0.9%) was determined. In another 10 patients urinary tract anomalies (5), urinary infection (2), and a significant family history (3) were found associated with congenital pyloric stenosis. As the incidence of these anomalies is greater than expected, which suggests an interrelationship, a hypothesis has been proposed linking genetic factors and the metabolism of gastrin with the etiology of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Female↗

PubMed1991

Retroperitoneal and pelvic CT of patients with AIDS: primary and secondary involvement of the genitourinary tract.

Although genitourinary tract disorders are common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), little attention has been paid to their manifestations on computed tomographic (CT) scans. The authors reviewed the CT scans of 86 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus for CT manifestations of primary or secondary involvement of the genitourinary tract. Genitourinary tract abnormalities identified in the 86 patients included nephromegaly in 34 (40%), hilar adenopathy in 30 (35%), bladder wall thickening in 19 (22%), medullary hyperattenuation in 12 (14%), renal calcifications in seven (8%), adnexal masses in five (6%), hydronephrosis in four (5%), pyelonephritis in three (3%), renal abscesses in three (3%), and solid renal masses in three (3%). Although these abnormalities are seen on CT scans in many other diseases, in the AIDS patient they often indicate the presence of an AIDS-related renal disease or involvement of the genitourinary tract by an AIDS-related neoplasm or infection.

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy↗

PubMed2000

Recurrent urinary tract infections and genitourinary tract abnormalities in the Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome.

Two Imerslund-Gräsbeck patients who presented with recurrent urinary tract infections and genitourinary abnormalities are described. The patients were evaluated with abdominal ultrasounds, voiding cystourethrograms, and Schilling tests. Each patient had large postvoid residual urine secondary to a motor-neurogenic bladder. One had a duplication of the distal urethra manifesting as two meatal openings. There was lack of urinary excretion of radioactive vitamin B12 on Schilling tests in both patients. Patients with Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome may be predisposed to urinary tract infections because of incomplete bladder emptying. Complete physical and radiological examinations of the genitourinary tract should be performed.

Child↗

PubMed1982

Haemophilus influenzae: comparison of respiratory tract isolates with genitourinary tract isolates.

Haemophilus influenzae isolates recovered from the genitourinary (GU) tract were shown to have a significantly different biotype distribution compared with respiratory tract isolates. Biotype IV strains were recovered more commonly from the GU tract, and most strains were non-serotypable. Antibiotic-susceptible strains isolated from the GU tract more frequently harbored plasmids of less than 10 megadaltons than did antibiotic-susceptible respiratory tract strains. One 2.8-megadalton plasmid resident in a GU tract isolate and one 1.8-megadalton plasmid resident in a respiratory tract isolate were shown to be related to the small ampicillin resistance plasmids previously described in H. influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This supports the suggestion that these ampicillin resistance plasmids originated by transposition or recombination of the ampicillin transposon (TnA) with cryptic endogenous Haemophilus plasmids.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1988

[The virulence factor of E. coli in genitourinary tract infections. 2. Detection of P fimbriae and its role in genitourinary tract infections].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1998

Immunoglobulins in the human male genitourinary tract.

Human male genitourinary tract was processed for the immunohistochemical demonstration of IgG and IgM, in order to verify the presence and the source of these immunoglobulins. Only the epithelia of the prostate gland and urethra showed a marked IgM-immunopositivity, localized in the cytoplasm of apical cells. An intense immunoreactivity for IgG was observed in the apical cells of the vesical epithelium; a less intense immunoreactivity for IgG in the pelvic apical epithelial cells was found. Immunostaining in the ureteric epithelium was absent. Clusters of IgM- and IgG-positive immunocompetent cells were present in the subepithelial layers of the organs observed in our study. This study indicates that IgM, present in mucosal surfaces, derived from an active secretion, as well as secretory IgA, whereas most of the IgG present in the human seminal plasma were probably due to transudation process. Immunoreactivity for IgG in the vesical and pelvic epithelia could depend upon to virus-specific IgG antibodies produced by the mucosa. This in turn can contribute to the total antiviral activity in mucosal secretions.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Genitourinary tract infections in pregnancy and low birth weight: case-control study in Australian aboriginal women.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between genital and urinary tract infections in pregnant Aboriginal women and low birth weight. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study controlling for potential confounding variables. SETTING: Western Australia from 1985 to 1987. SUBJECTS: All Aboriginal women (n = 269) who had given birth to singleton infants weighing 2250 g or less (cases), and 269 randomly selected Aboriginal women who had given birth to singleton infants weighing 3000 g or more (controls). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportions of women in case and control groups who had had genital and urinary tract infections; odds ratios for low birth weight when genitourinary tract infection was present; population attributable fraction of low birth weight to genitourinary tract infection. RESULTS: At the time of delivery 51% of women in the case group (109/215) had genitourinary tract infections compared with 13% of controls (35/266). After controlling for potential confounding variables the odds ratio for giving birth to infants weighing 2250 g or less when genitourinary tract infection was present was 4.0 (95% confidence interval 2.3 to 7.0). The proportion of infants with low birth weight attributable to genitourinary tract infection in the whole population of Aboriginal women was 32% (95% confidence interval 17% to 49%). CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong association between low birth weight and the presence of genitourinary tract infections in Aboriginal women both during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. A community intervention trial of screening and treatment of genitourinary infections in this population is recommended.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1990

Lymphoma of the genitourinary tract.

Lymphomatous involvement of the genitourinary tract is extremely rare when it presents as primary extranodal disease. It is more common in the advanced stage of disseminated disease. Computed tomography is the best diagnostic modality to detect the involvement of the genitourinary tract. Although the appearances are generally nonspecific, certain characteristics on computed tomography may suggest and allow for a proper approach to the diagnosis.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fistulas of the genitourinary tract: a radiologic review.

Fistulas of the genitourinary tract have diverse anatomic locations, causes, and clinical features. They can involve the upper urinary tract (kidney, ureter), the lower urinary tract (bladder, urethra), or the female reproductive tract (vagina, uterus). Causes include infection, inflammatory disease, neoplasms, congenital conditions, trauma, and iatrogenic injury. Diagnosis of genitourinary tract fistulas usually requires radiologic studies performed with fluoroscopic or cross-sectional modalities. Fistulography is the most direct means of visualizing a fistula and should be considered when feasible (eg, cutaneous fistulas). Intravenous urography and pyelography or ureterography are mainstays of investigation of the upper tract. Likewise, voiding cystourethrography and urethrography are central to study of the lower tract. Cross-sectional techniques, in particular computed tomography, are increasingly useful for diagnosis and are considered the primary test in some cases. Radiologists should be familiar with the radiologic features of genitourinary tract fistulas for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Management approaches depend on the type of fistula, the degree of morbidity, and the overall functional status of the patient and vary from conservative observation to aggressive surgical repair.

Brachytherapy↗

PubMed2004

Prediction of genitourinary tract morbidity after brachytherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether preoperative genitourinary variables in patients undergoing brachytherapy for localized prostate adenocarcinoma could predict postoperative genitourinary tract morbidity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 105 men who received either iodine 125 or palladium 103 radioactive seed implants with or without external beam radiotherapy or hormone blockade from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2000, at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla. Patients with one or more of the following were classified as having a high risk of postoperative genitourinary tract morbidity: American Urological Association symptom scores greater than 15, maximum urinary flow rate less than 10 mL/s, postvoid residual urinary volume greater than 100 mL, or prostate volume greater than 40 cm3. Of the 105 men, 59 (56%) were classified as high risk and 46 (44%) as low risk. Mean follow-up after brachytherapy was 23.6 months. Modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scores were used to assess postoperative genitourinary tract morbidity. The term significant genitourinary tract morbidity was applied to patients with a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade of 3 or 4 after at least 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Significant morbidity occurred in 37% of high-risk vs 15% of low-risk patients (P = .006). In high-risk patients, transurethral resection or incision of the prostate was required in 5 patients, urethral dilation in 4, direct-vision internal urethrotomy in 1, and placement of a suprapubic catheter in 1. In low-risk patients, transurethral incision of the prostate was required in only 1 patient. Urinary flow rate was a significant individual predictor of postoperative morbidity (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: A combination of urinary flow rate, prostate volume, postvoid residual urinary volume, and American Urological Association symptom score can help identify patients with underlying voiding dysfunction. Urinary flow rate was a statistically significant predictor of genitourinary tract morbidity after brachytherapy for localized prostate adenocarcinoma. Patients and physicians should consider these factors before a patient decides to undergo brachytherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

A prospective study of the microbiological environment of the genitourinary tract in Hong Kong Chinese women during pregnancy.

Microbiological colonization of the genitourinary tract in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm labour and delivery. In our population, the risk of preterm labour is relatively low, and the purpose of this study was to examine the microbiological environment of the genitourinary tract to determine whether it differed from that reported in populations where the rate of preterm delivery is higher. A prospective study was made in 367 unselected women between 16 and 24 weeks' gestation. Although the rate of colonization with Candida species was higher than in most other studies (30.2%), colonization with Gardnerella, Group B Streptococcus, Trichomonas and Chlamydia was uncommon (1.9%, 0.8%, 0.6% and 3.5% respectively). Significant bacteriuria was also uncommon, occurring in only 4.9% of cases. The results of this study confirmed a relatively low incidence of colonization of the genitourinary tract in this population of women with a low incidence of preterm delivery. These findings suggest that low levels of colonization may be related to a low incidence of preterm delivery in our patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the male genitourinary tract: concentration and motor effect.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has previously been shown in nerves of the male and female genitourinary tract, appearing to innervate vascular and nonvascular smooth and epithelial cells. In the present study the concentration of VIP in tissue extracts of different parts of the male genitourinary tract from cat and man was determined by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the effect of VIP on the contractility of the smooth muscle from the cat genitourinary tract was investigated in vitro. The tissue concentrations of VIP were generally higher in cat than in man. In both species high concentrations were found in the vas deferens, bladder, urethra and prostate, In concentration from 3 x 10(-8) to 6 x 10(-7) mol x 1-1, VIP inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the muscle contractions in specimens from all regions examined, i.e., the vas deferens, ureter, corpus of the bladder, and urethra. The data indicate that VIP might play a physiologic role in the local nervous control of the smooth muscle activity in the male genitourinary tract.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Localized primary amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract: does conservatism help?

Primary amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract is a rare clinical entity with an excellent prognosis in most cases. It is of interest to the urologist as it mimics malignancy. The definitive diagnosis is made on histologic examination and by excluding secondary causes of amyloidosis. We present 4 patients with primary localized amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract who were treated with transurethral resections alone with satisfactory outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Pseudoangiosarcomatous carcinoma of the genitourinary tract.

Two cases of pseudoangiosarcomatous carcinoma of the genitourinary tract, arising in the vulva in one and the bladder in the other, are presented. In case 1, an 84 year old woman, the vulvectomy specimen contained an irregular ulcerated tumour, infiltrating the left labia and extending into the clitoris. In case 2, a 59 year old woman, the excised bladder showed diffuse thickening of its wall by infiltrating haemorrhagic tumour. Both tumours showed focal keratinisation. This, in association with the presence of atypical squamous epithelium, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis, led to a diagnosis of pseudosarcomatous carcinoma in both cases. Pseudoangiosarcomatous carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of malignant angiomatoid tumours, particularly those that arise at sites, like the genitourinary tract, where angiosarcoma is rare.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Prenatal diagnosis of genitourinary tract malformations.

Ninety cases of genitourinary tract anomalies diagnosed before birth are reviewed. Factors stressed are the relationship between the site of the anomaly and the time of the diagnosis. Low level urinary tract obstructions tend to be diagnosed early, high level lesions late. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy was 88% with urethral obstruction being most often accurately diagnosed (19 of 20 cases). The frequency with which associated anomalies are found is stressed as is the lack of correlation between amniotic fluid volume and high or mid level obstructions. Ovarian cysts are usually diagnosed late in gestation and are seldom associated with other anomalies.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed2000

Clinical management of foreign bodies of the genitourinary tract.

PURPOSE: The variety of foreign bodies inserted into or externally attached to the genitourinary tract defies imagination and includes all types of objects. The frequency of such cases renders these objects an important addition to the diseases of the urinary organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a computerized MEDLINE search followed by a manual bibliographic review of cross-references. These reports were analyzed and the important findings summarized. RESULTS: Our review encompassed approximately 800 single case reports on foreign bodies in the English world literature published between 1755 and 1999. We structured the range of introduced objects, by referring to origin and material as well as the genitourinary organs involved. Furthermore, we noted symptomatology and diagnoses, including psychological involvement, as well as possible treatment options. CONCLUSIONS: The most common motive associated with foreign bodies of the genitourinary tract is sexual or erotic in nature. The most suitable method of removing a urethral foreign body depends on the size and mobility of the object applied to the genitourinary tract. When possible, endoscopic and minimal invasive techniques of removal should be used. However, surgical retrieval of a foreign body may be required, particularly when there is a severe associated inflammatory reaction.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Leiomyoma of the genitourinary tract.

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience and the literature with respect to leiomyomas of the genitourinary tract with special emphasis on the role of the clinical presentation and imaging studies in the differential diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During a period of 35 years in our department, five patients were treated with symptomatic leiomyomas, originating from the renal pelvis, bladder, urethra and epididymis. All the cases were diagnosed after exploration, excision and histological examination of the specimen. Following the presentation of the five cases of leiomyomas of the genitourinary tract, we reviewed the literature with special emphasis on the modern imaging techniques, differential diagnosis and treatment approach. CONCLUSION: Complete excision followed by histological examination is the most reliable means of distinguishing leiomyoma from other more common and usually malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract.

Adult↗