The Stockport Survey of the Aged.
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In Sweden, as in other developed countries, the increased expectation of life has led to a growing preponderance of the older age-groups. The need for a thorough study of the effect of this new situation on the general health level of the population is evident, but material for such a study is still largely lacking. The article below discusses the difficulties of investigating the situation in the field of mental illness, and describes an enquiry into the senile psychoses in Stockholm. No sign was discerned of a trend towards an increasing morbidity-risk for senile psychosis in the different age-groups, the increasing number of admissions to hospitals being due to other, mainly social and economic, causes. This finding is of interest in the light of the cautious conclusion reached in Sweden that the increased economic burden created by the growing number of old persons can largely be offset by an increase in the relative number of able-bodied persons in the higher age-groups.
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In Great Britain, since the end of the Second World War, the problems of old age have tended to supersede those of poverty and unemployment as the object of social studies. The following article assesses some of the most important findings of 33 surveys conducted between 1945 and 1958 investigating the social needs and circumstances of old people.The fact emerges that family ties are stronger than is perhaps realized and that most of the aged live a reasonably secure life within their families. It is pointed out, however, that a small minority exists whose distress is evident and who do not seem to be contacted by social welfare agencies. These are the housebound and bed-ridden; the "isolates" and "semi-isolates"-old people who are without relatives or whose care puts too great a strain on the relatives they have; and those for whom retirement and the consequent loss of occupation is a source of unhappiness. In a discussion of how the needs of this group can be met, it is suggested that the pattern of home and welfare services should be based less on administrative tradition and more on the way of life of the people.