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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging techniques for myocardial inflammation.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DC) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders which results in morbidity and mortality in young individuals. Recent evidence suggests that a subset of these patients have histologic evidence of myocarditis which is potentially treatable with immunosuppression. The identification of myocardial inflammation may therefore lead to development of therapeutic regimens designed to treat the cause rather than the effect of the myocardial disease. Ultimately, this may result in improvement in the abysmal prognosis of DC. The currently accepted technique for identification of active myocardial inflammation is endomyocardial biopsy. This technique is not perfect, however, since pathologic standards for the diagnosis of myocarditis have not been established. Furthermore, focal inflammation may give rise to sampling error. The inflammation-avid radioisotope gallium-67 citrate has been used as an adjunct to biopsy improving the yield of myocarditis from 7 percent to 36 percent. Serial imaging correlates well to biopsy results. Future studies are designed to study the applicability of lymphocyte labelling techniques to myocardial inflammatory disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sequential technetium-99m/gallium-67 scintigraphic evaluation of subclinical osteomyelitis complicating fracture nonunion.

Twenty-four patients with a history of post-traumatic fracture nonunion underwent sequential 99mTc and 67Ga citrate scintigraphy in an attempt to differentiate between posttraumatic fracture nonunion and nonunion complicated by subclinical osteomyelitis. Neither technetium nor gallium studies alone nor in combination, with or without clinical correlation, could help delineate between fracture nonunion and nonunion complicated by subclinical osteomyelitis because of the increased technetium and gallium radioisotope uptake associated with the nonunion site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Recent advances in cancer diagnosis with nuclear medicine techniques.

Recent progress in cancer detection in nuclear medicine has been significant and encouraging. Three main trends are responsible. First, techniques of imaging have improved, often in conjunction with the development of new and better imaging devices. Secondly, new radiopharmaceuticals are being investigated. Finally, interaction with other imaging modalities has started. In general, this yields complementary information further refining the diagnostic process.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

57Co-bleomycin imaging study of tumors of the head and neck.

57Co-Bleomycin (57Co-BLM) was used to visualize malignancies of the head and neck because it does not present the disadvantages of many other radiopharmaceuticals. In a series of 21 patients with 9 control subjects and 12 cases of tumors. 57Co-BLM showed a high and rapid uptake in primary site and metastases of malignant tumors of various histologic types, but not in benign tumors such as angiofibromas. Compared to 67Ga-citrate. 57Co-BLM has many advantages for tumor imaging in the areas of nose, pharynx and larynx: No background activity due to the concentration of 57Co-BLM in normal structures of the head and neck has ever been observed, as opposed to what happens with 67Ga-citrate. Furthermore, the blood clearance of 57Co-BLM is much more rapid than that of 67Ga-citrate, so that an early study may be performed in a 6-24 hr. interval instead of 48-72 hr. with 67Ga-citrate. 57Co-BLM scintigraphy is an easy, non-invasive and sensible diagnostic technique in determining the extent of malignant tumors in ORL patients.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1978

[Radiopaque hemithorax, with special reference to scintigraphic methods].

Radioopaque hemithorax is frequently observed. The various situations in which it may occur are examined aetiopathologically, along with the general and specifically radiological methods used for its investigation. Particular attention is given to the employment of radio-isotopes for this purpose and the methods involved. Results obtained with perfusion are noteworthy, and even more so those achieved with positive tracers such as 67Ga citrate and 57Co Blm, especially in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion and mesothelioma through what is described as the "paradox effect".

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1979

[Radioisotope topical diagnosis of malignant lymphomas using gallium-67 citrate].

The diagnostic value of Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy was estimated based on the comparison of clinical and roentgenological findings, including lymphography, in 46 patients with lymphogranulomatosis and other malignant lymphomas. The results obtained indicated that scintigraphy with Ga-67 citrate is a valuable adjunct for diagnosing malignant lymphomas and lymphogranulomatosis in previously untreated patients and in the recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radionuclide liver scans in tumor detection: current concepts.

Because of the frequency of spread of tumors arising elsewhere to the liver, hepatic evaluation plays a key role in planning therapy. Dynamic radionuclide transit studies depend upon the dual blood supply of the liver (hepatic artery and portal vein) and can be a useful prelude to static imaging, as most intrahepatic tumors have an hepatic arterial blood supply. Since most tumors do not have the ability to accumulate a radioactive colloid, static views are usually obtained after injection of particulates, which are accumulated by the reticuloendothelial system. A gross defect on the radiocolloid scan simply indicates the presence of an intrahepatic abnormality, but does not identify the nature of the lesion. The possible role to be played by use of additional radiopharmaceuticals, with different properties, in identifying the intrahepatic process is discussed. Other uses of liver scans, such as in evaluating the response of known intrahepatic lesions to therapy, are pointed out.

Chromium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1987

Alterations in particle accumulation and clearance in lungs of rats chronically exposed to diesel exhaust.

F344 rats were chronically exposed to diesel exhaust at target soot concentrations of 0 (control, C), 0.35 (low, L), 3.5 (medium, M), and 7.0 (high, H) mg/m3. Accumulated lung burdens of diesel soot were measured after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of exposure. Parallel measurements of particle deposition and clearance were made to provide insight into the mechanisms of particle accumulation in lungs. The fractional deposition of inhaled 67Ga2O3 particles after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of exposure and of inhaled 134Cs-fused aluminosilicate particles after 24 months were similar for all groups. Progressive increases in lung burdens of soot particles were observed in M and H exposed rats, reaching levels of 11.5 +/- 0.5 and 20.5 +/- 0.8 mg/lung (mean +/- SE), respectively, after 24 months. Rats in the L group had smaller relative increases in lung burden, reaching levels of 0.60 +/- 0.02 mg/lung after 24 months. Tracheal mucociliary clearance measurements, using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin deposited in the trachea, showed no changes at anytime. There were statistically significant increases in clearance half-times of inhaled radiolabeled particles of 67Ga2O3 as early as 6 months at the H level and 18 months at the M level; no significant changes were seen at the L level. Rats inhaled fused aluminosilicate particles labeled with 134Cs after 24 months of diesel exhaust exposure to measure long-term components of pulmonary clearance. The long-term clearance half-times were 79 +/- 5, 81 +/- 5, 264 +/- 50, and 240 +/- 50 days (mean +/- SE) for the C, L, M, and H groups, respectively. Differences were significant between the C and both the M and H exposure groups (p less than 0.01). Lung burdens of diesel soot were more than expected at the H and M levels and were also associated with impaired particle clearance while smaller responses were observed in both burdens and clearance at the L level.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

11C-labelled glycine: synthesis and preliminary report on its use in the investigation of intracranial tumours using positron emission tomography.

Carbon-11-labelled glycine has been prepared by a Bücherer-Strecker synthesis using [11C]cyanide, formaldehyde and ammonium carbonate. Total synthesis time, including chromatographic purification, was 30-35 min from end-of-bombardment. Radiochemical yield was 35%, based on [11C]cyanide and radiochemical purity was shown to be greater than 98% by analytical HPLC. The 11C-labelled glycine thus prepared was used along with [68Ga]EDTA and L-[methyl-11C]methionine in the visualization of an anaplastic astrocytoma by positron emission tomography.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1992

Development of a liposome-encapsulated radionuclide with preferential tumor accumulation--the choice of radionuclide and chelating ligand.

Various radionuclide-ligand complexes were encapsulated in liposomes and their accumulations in tumors were studied. Increased tumor accumulation was observed with every complex in the liposome-encapsulated form. However, different accumulation levels were registered for the various radionuclides even though they were all delivered using a similar liposome formulation. Though the liposomes remained intact in the circulation, they were degraded in the tumor, liver and spleen eventually. Thus, this suggests that tumor accumulation of liposome-encapsulated radionuclides is dependent on not only the in vivo behavior of the liposomes themselves, but also the characteristics of nuclide-ligand complexes after their release from liposomes. A correct choice of radionuclides and ligands for encapsulation in liposomes would enable excellent tumor-imaging agents to be achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Radiolabeled antitumor agents.

Bleomycin serves as a useful prototype for a study of the various properties required in a radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging. Both in vitro and in vivo results using bleomycin labeled with a large number of different radionuclides have now been reported. In general, it has not been possible to predict in vivo biologic behavior solely from in vitro data. For example, 57Co-bleomycin and 111In-bleomycin both have identical patterns in several different chromatographic systems and do not break down with prolonged storage in saline, exposure to heat, or other cations. However, when the labeled bleomycin is exposed to serum transferrin (and to other as yet unidentified ligands in the body) a difference in stability becomes obvious. The stability and biologic activity of 57Co-bleomycin in humans demonstrate the validity of metal chelation as a labeling technique for this specific molecule, and also suggests that other stable chelates will have useful applications. Although 57Co-bleomycin has the most desirable biologic characteristics of all the chelates of bleomycin, the extremely long physical half-life of 57Co of 270 days creates a significant contamination problem in the hospital. Because of this, the use of 57Co-bleomycin is limited to a few specialized centers. All users have emphasized the need for a better radionuclide to produce a labeled bleomycin with the same or superior biologic characteristics to 57Co-bleomycin. Unfortunately, the elements forming the most stable chelates with bleomycin (copper, zinc, cobalt, and nickel) do not have radionuclides with suitable physical characteristics for scanning. Copper-67 may become available in the future from high-energy linear accelerators. However, even if it were available, copper will probably not have as good chemical properties as cobalt.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Radiopharmaceuticals for spleen and bone marrow studies.

The spleen and bone marrow have important hematologic functions. Evaluation of bone marrow alone may be incomplete, unless the function of the spleen is studied also. In addition to hematologic functions, each organ has unique characteristics that may need to be evaluated in assessing its activity. The evaluation of the distribution of reticuloendothelial cells, through the phagocytosis of radioactive particles, provides the basis for most of the morphological and functional studies of these organs. During the past three decades, a variety of radioactive agents have been prepared and examined. Among them, colloids of 99mTc, heat-damaged 99mTc labeled RBCs, and the radionuclides of iron and indium, make possible the functional and morphological examination of the spleen and bone marrow by external scintigraphy.

Animals↗