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A Gallup poll commissioned by Health Care shows most Canadians favor user fees for emergency care. Canadians also have more respect for hospital and nursing home care than newspaper headlines would suggest.
This is the second in the series of Ophthalmology Manpower Studies. Part I presented estimates of disease prevalence and incidence, the average amount of time required to care for such conditions, and based on that information, the total hours of ophthalmological services required to care for all the projected need in the population. Using different estimates of the average number of hours worked per year per ophthalmologist (based on a 35, 40 and 48 hours/week in patient care), estimates of the total number of ophthalmologists required were calculated. This method is basically similar to the method later adopted by the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) to arrive at estimates of hours of ophthalmological services required for 1990. However, instead of using all the need present in the population, the GMENAC panel chose to use an "adjusted-needs based" model as a compromise between total need and actual utilization, the former being an overestimation and the latter being an underestimation since it is in part a function of the barriers to medical care. Since some of these barriers to medical care include informational factors, as well as availability and accessibility, this study was undertaken to assess the utilization of these services and the adequacy of present ophthalmological manpower in the opinion of the consumer. Also, since the consumer's choice or behavior depends on being informed about the differences between optometrists and ophthalmologists, such knowledge was assessed and the responses further evaluated after explanatory statements were made to the responders.
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PURPOSE: This article reports the results of a 1994 Gallup survey on public attitudes and experience regarding oral surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A telephone interview was used to address three areas of concern to both dental patients and dental professionals: surgery-related anxiety, anesthesia preferences, and preoperative information or counseling needs. Of the 1,008 adult respondents, 595 (57%) had undergone oral surgery at some time, 222 (22%) within the last 5 years. Among these patients, more than one in five (22%) had suffered anxiety levels high enough to delay them from seeking prompt treatment. An additional 31% reported moderate anxiety levels, whereas 48% reported no anxiety before oral surgery. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of respondents preferred an anesthetic method that would allow them to be pain-free, but conscious, and 56% percent expressed a preference for anesthesia-induced amnesia. Virtually all respondents (98%) valued receiving pretreatment information about their oral surgery procedure and the type of anesthesia to be used. A substantial majority (90%) of respondents reported overall satisfaction with their oral surgery, rating their treatment as 3 or higher on a 6-point scale. CONCLUSION: The characteristics patients valued most in anesthesia-wakefulness, insensibility to pain, rapid recovery, and procedure-specific amnesia-all support a growing trend toward the routine use of conscious sedation in the oral and maxillofacial surgeon's office. Patients overwhelmingly want to know all about the procedure they will have, how it will be done, and what analgesic modalities are available.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the older population's attitudes toward suicide and assisted suicide, and to determine whether lenient attitudes are associated with known demographic and psychosocial risk factors for completed suicide. DESIGN: Telephone survey conducted by the Gallup Organization in November 1992. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 802 adults in the United States (541 women and 261 men) aged 60 years and older. MEASUREMENTS: The dependent variables, attitudes toward suicide, were assessed with five attitude statements. Participants rated their agreement with each statement on 4-point Likert-type scales, subsequently dichotomized for use in univariate analyses and logistic regressions. The independent variables included income and demographic and psychosocial risk factors for suicide: age, gender, race, marital status, religiousness, self-rated health, and satisfaction with family relationships. RESULTS: The majority of respondents did not express lenient attitudes. In comparison with survey findings of physicians and the general population, a relatively smaller percentage (41%) of these older respondents believe that physician-assisted suicide should be legalized. Agreement with one or more of the attitudes presented was associated with age, gender, race, marital status, and religiousness in univariate analyses (P < .05), and race, religiousness (P < .001), gender, self-rated health, and satisfaction with family relations (P < .08) in logistic regressions. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesized relations between risk factors for suicide and lenient attitudes toward suicide were supported. Although none of the risk factors was associated with all five attitudes, in combination the results suggested that a common set of variables predict both lenient attitudes toward suicide and suicidal behavior. Future research is necessary to determine the role of depression and other factors that may mediate the observed relationships and to determine whether the presence of specific, strongly held attitudes sanctioning suicide in an older person signals the need to assess suicide risk.
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