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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

[Late lesions due to poison gas in survivors of the Iraqi poison warfare against the Kurdish people].

The purpose of this contribution was to demonstrate the extent of destruction of the human being by toxic war gases especially mustard gas. In spite of being several kilometers away from the scene of explosion, the surviving patients showed different residual symptoms of poison gas effects especially within the range of the skin, the eyes and the respiratory tract. There has been no effective treatment of these lesions found till nowaday and there would be perhaps none in a near future. No pathogenic organism already known could ever give rise to such destruction of the organism within a very short time. To make a comparison, the epidemic plague of 1349 (also called the huge plague year) should be mentioned here. It claimed 800 victims daily in Paris, whereas the disastrous event in the city of Halabja caused the death of 5000 people within less than 10 minutes. That is to say 8 times more than the daily victims of one of the last big epidemics of the middle ages. It is hopeless to assume that the production of these and similar destructive agents in the long run will be terminated. It is to be hoped however, that this horrible weapon never be delivered to persons who make use of it unscrupulously, as is already happened with the Kurdish people in Iraq.

Chemical Warfare

[Pulmonary fibrosis following nitrous gas poisoning].

Authors in the autopsy material of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Semmelweis Medical University analysed nitrous-gas-poisoning cases. In the period of 1971--1975 out of 22 223 autopsy cases one case of nitrous gas-poisoning occurred. Data of the literature are summarized. Possible pathomechanism of the nitrous gas poisoning is also discussed.

Adult

[Treatment of insecticide and nerve gas poisoning].

Organic phosphides such as insecticides and nerve gases are chemically and biologically akin. They have the same main structures and both act as cholinesterase inhibitors. The nerve gases are generally more reactively chemical and therefore far more toxic. Since both nerve gases and insecticides react to the same group of acetylcholinesterase the development of symptoms and the treatment of the intoxication are fairly similar. Intoxication may ensue from inhalation, from penetration of the skin, or from consumption of contaminated food or water. The latter mode of administration is the most common in cases of suicide.

Chemical Warfare Agents

[Electron microscopic changes in the myocardium in experimental carbon monoxide poisoning].

Effect of coal-gas poisoning on the myocard was studied by the aid of electron microscope and electronmicroscopic histochemistry. Alterations revealed can not be regarded as specific ones, they seem to be of hypoxic origin. Activity of the cytochromoxidase--as revealed by electronmicroscopic histochemistry--in cases of coal-gas poisoning decreases. Specificity of the cytochromoxidase method and the leadsalt method of the demonstration of calcium are discussed.

Animals

[Analysis of oncogenes and suppressor genes in lung cancer and bronchial lesions from high risk group].

The authors investigated methods for analysis of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in lung cancers and bronchial lesions from high risk patients (retired poison gas factory workers). Amplifications of C-, L-, N-myc, length of terminal repeat array (TRA), mutations of p53 gene, p53 mRNA and K-ras genes were analysed in frozen specimens of surgically resected lung cancers. Various lesions including dysplasia, squamous metaplasia, goblet cell metaplasia, and basal cell hyperplasia were detected in the bronchial epithelium of biopsied specimens from retired poison gas factory workers. Analysis of p53 gene and k-ras gene mutations was performed on these formalin fixed, paraffin embedded samples, but no evidence of mutation has been found to date.

Bronchi

A comparison of two types of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

In 47 patients treated at the Toxicological Clinic in Krakow for coal stove-gas poisoning, the aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, LDH1 isoenzyme activities, and the lactate level were studied. Findings were compared with those of earlier investigations carried out on a group of patients poisoned by lighting gas; qualitatively changes in both groups were similar. The biochemical parameters studied aided in quantitative evaluation of the patients' condition: a threefold increase in lactate level on admission to the hospital and a likewise threefold increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity after 24 hrs of treatment are indications of severe poisoning.

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