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A new method of producing chronic gastric fistula and collection of gastric juice in rats.

A method of producing chronic gastric fistula and collection of gastric juice in rats. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1978, 29 (1): 79-86. A kind of material suitable for making different parts of the gastric fistula as well as their shape and size have been established. Organic glass (plexiglas) was used for making the cannula. A twisted-on cap of stainless steel protected the mouth of the fistula. This cap secured also the possibility of directly attaching a vessel for collection of gastric juice to the orifice of the cannula. The vessel was made of plexiglas and owing to its shape and dimensions it did not impede the rat's movements during the investigations. A disc of nylon net glued on to the external wall of the cannula prevented leaking of the fistula and its consequences. The fistula produced in this way showed a considerable durability and the vessel made it possible to investigate gastric secretion in a freely moving animal under physiological conditions or under any chosen experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bioassay of inhibitory activity of gastrone on basal HCl secretion in rats with chronic gastric fistula.

The authors evaluated the applicability of the rat with gastric fistula to the bioassay of gastrone, endogenous inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and the role of anticholinergic mechanism in this inhibition. 104 individual bioassays were performed on 25 rats with chronic gastric fistula out of which 34 tests were performed with gastrone, 49 controls with saline and 21 with atropine. In rats serving as their own controls, a statistically significant reduction of the volume of basal gastric secretion and of the basal HCl output by 56 and 59%, respectively, occurred after intravenous administration of 40 mug gastrone B. This was demonstrated in the first 4 h after gastrone and was statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference, however, in the concentration of HCl in the gastric juice after gastrone and after saline. The inhibitory effect of gastrone on HCl output at the intravenous dose of 40 mug was greater than that of 0.1 mg/kg atropine intravenously, while that of 50 mug gastrone was about equal to that of 0.4 mg/kg atropine. The gastrone inhibitory activity on gastric acid secretion in rats appears to be unrelated to anticholinergic mechanism. The advantages of the bioassay of gastrone activity using rats with chronic gastric fistula over the rats with pyloric ligation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Preparation of a chronic gastric fistula in the rat.

A stainless steel gastric cannula was surgically implanted in the rat forestomach to allow gastric secretion to be collected continuously without restraining the animal. When gastric collections were not being made, the cannula was closed with a plugging screw. Rats with these cannulas were easily maintained without special care or complications for 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[External gastric fistula in neoplastic esophageal stenosis].

The leakage of gastric contents along the catheter introduced in the gastric lumen is the most frequent complication of the external gastric fistula made in cases of neoplastic esophageal occlusion. In 5 patients, the author applied the modified Witzel's operation using polyvinyl chloride catheter fixed on the skin to prevent it from disengaging. In all these patients the operative wound healed by first intention and no gastric leakage was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of dose-response curves between acid and pepsin to betazole hydrochloride in the dog with gastric fistula.

Secretory responses to subcutaneously or intravenously administered betazole hydrochloride of graded doses were compared between acid and pepsin in the dog with gastric fistula. Although the dose related increments in acid and pepsin outputs were parallel in the range of lower doses than 2.0 to 3.0 mg/kg body weight of betazole hydrochloride, higher doses caused in decrease in pepsin output, but did not in acid output. It was pointed out that the dose of betazole hydrochloride that stimulates acid secretion maximally dose not correspond to the maximal stimulation for pepsin secretion in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gastric acid secretion in gastric fistula dogs after antral denervation and antrectomy.

Acid secretion in Pavlov pouches in dogs is known to increase after antrectomy in response to histamine and gastrin. Dogs with gastric fistulae were tested with histamine and tetragastrin as a control study. The vagal nerve fibers to the antrum were divided and the dogs underwent repeat testing. Finally an antrectomy was performed and final dose-response data were collected. After antrectomy there was an increased acid response to histamine and tetragastrin. We postulate that the vagal fibers innervating the antrum are probably not a factor in this increase. Furthermore, we believe that the increased acid secretion after antrectomy observed in the dog and the decrease known to occur in the human being is a species difference and is not related to the pouch method of study used in earlier studies of the antrectomized dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Spontaneous cholecysto-gastric fistula with massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic diagnosis and concrement extraction].

A case of spontaneous cholecysto-gastric fistula is reported with penetration of a gallstone into the stomach leading to massive haemorrhage of gastric mucosa. The gallstone was removed endoscopically, the immanent complication of gallstone ileus could be eliminated. Mucosal bleeding was stopped by conservative methods, and thus enough time was won for optimal preparation for the ensuing operation. The problems of preoperative diagnosis are mentioned, also rate and early complications of spontaneous bilio-digestive fistulae and their poor prognosis concerning the increased letality at operation.

Biliary Fistula↗
PubMed1979

Effect of two types of beta-adrenergic blockade on gastric acid secretion during pentagastrin stimulation in non-vagotomized and in vagotomized gastric fistula dogs.

The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol and practolol on submaximally pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in conscious non-vagotomized and in vagotomized gastric fistula dogs. Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) intravenously augmented gastric acid output in vagotomized dogs, more after truncal and selective vagotomy than after parietal cell vagotomy. Vagally innervated dogs also showed an increase, but to a lesser degree and not statistically significant. The increase restored the acid output to preoperative levels in the vagotomized dogs. Practolol (1.0 mg/kg) intravenously resulted in a slight and insignificant increase in acid output in dogs with truncal vagotomy and had only a negligible effect in vagally innervated dogs and after selective and parietal cell vagotomy. It is concluded that propranolol augments pentagastrin-stimulated acid output in vagotomized dogs, and this augmentation was most pronounced in the totally vagotomized stomach. Practolol had minor influence on gastric acid secretion. This effect of the two beta-blocking agents indicates that beta 2-blockade is most important for the secretory augmentation. The restoration of postvagotomy acid secretion to preoperative levels suggests that adrenergic influence is important for the decrease in pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion after vagotomy.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1975

Gastric secretion as a function of acute and chronic stress in the gastric fistula rat.

In Experiment 1 rats exposed to signaled and unsignaled grid shock secreted more gastric acid after shock stress (chronic stress) for 8 days compared to the first 12 hr. of shock stress (acute stress). However, Experiment 2 indicated that the higher gastric acid values under chronic stress were not significantly greater than prestress baseline values. The results are interpreted to reflect an inhibition of gastric acid secretion as a function of acute stress. During chronic stress this inhibition is followed by a habituation of gastric secretory processes which is observed as a return of secretion volume to baseline levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparative antisecretory activity of several drugs in the gastric fistula squirrel monkey and rat.

A series of known antisecretory compounds, including glycopyrrolate, clonidine, propantheline bromide, CMN 131 (2-pyridylthiocetamide), and desmethylimipramine (DMI) were tested in the gastric fistula rat and monkey. The order of potency for inhibiting acid output was similar in both species. A general similarity exists in the responsiveness of the rat and monkey to gastric antisecretory agents. These data support the use of the squirrel monkey for assessment of gastric antisecretory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of the step-dose and single-dose acid response to histamine and pentagastrin in chronic gastric fistula rats.

Time-response and dose-response curves for acid output to continuous infusion of histamine (HIST) and pentagastrin (PG) were determined by two techniques in conscious rats provided with chronic gastric fistula. With the step-dose technique the dose of the stimulant was increased each hour; with the single-dose technique only one dose of the stimulant was administered on each test day. The observed maximum acid output (OMAO) was obtained either by infusion of PG at a rate of 6 microgram/kg/h using both techniques or HIST at a rate of 1 mg/kg/h with the single-dose and 2 mg/kg/h with the step-dose technique. These OMAO were in the order: single PG greater than single HIST greater than step Hist greater than step PG in ratios 100--99--83--82. The dose-response curves were also analyzed by application of the Michaelis-Menten equation. For each stimulant there was no difference between the calculated maximum acid output (CMAO) whatever the technique used, but PG gave lower CMAO than HIST (p less than 0.05). For both stimulants the calculated doses for half the calculated maximal response (CD 50) are significantly higher with the step-dose than with the single-dose technique. These results are compared with those previously described in the literature for cats, dogs and man.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Study of gastric secretion in white rats with a chronic gastric fistula on endotoxin exposure].

The author carried out a study on the stomach secretion in white rats endotoxin shock, induced by venous adminsitration of endotoxin, obtained from Escherichia coli. Stomach fistula was made on the rats in advance and the stomach juice was collected under the condition of chronic experiment. The amount of stomach juice was estimated in mililiter per hour as well as the content of free hydrochloric acid, total aidity and electrophoresis of proteolytic enzymes. There was a statistically significnat lowering of the amount of stomach juice, diminuation of free hydrochloric acid and of total acidity acidity as well as diminution of complete disappearence of its proteolytic activity in the rats after endotoxin action.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Gastric fistula following splenectomy: its cause and prevention.

Gastro-cutaneous fistula following splenectomy, a rare but serious occurrence, may result in death or prolonged disability. Six previous cases have been reported in detail, while 8 others have been mentioned briefly. The current report reviews the literature and describes 4 additional instances of this complication. Two of the 4 patients died. Sever factors, acting singly or incombination, may predispose to the development of post-splenectomy gastrocutaneous fistulas. These include direct surgical trauma to the gastric wall, generalized arteriosclerotic disease, hematoma in the gastrosplenic omentum, and reflection of gastric muscle fibers into the gastrosplenic ligament. The usual site of rupture of stomach is along the greater curvature in the fundic portion. In circumstances in which splenectomy is associated with known or suspected compromise of the blood supply to this portion of the stomach, a method of enfolding the greater curvature is proposed to prevent the development of a gastro-cutaneous fistula. Awareness of the possibility of this uncommon but serious complication will aid in its early recognition and treatment.

Adult↗