PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Gentian Violet”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Further study of the genetic toxicity of gentian violet.

The genetic toxicity of gentian violet was studied with the Ames and the Rosenkranz bacterial assays as well as the cytogenetic assays (Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro in the presence of rat-liver S-9 fractions, the chicken-embryo and mouse-bone-marrow cells in vivo). Gentian violet was found to be toxic but not mutagenic in the Ames assay. However, it was active in the Rosenkranz assay causing reparable DNA damage. The presence of S-9 in the in vitro cytogenetic assay and in the bacterial assays showed that the activity of gentian violet could be reduced or eliminated. In the in vivo assays, gentian violet was not clastogenic and failed to induce sister-chromatid exchanges. However, gentian violet proved to be highly toxic to growing chick embryos at high dosage and depressed mitotic activities in mouse bone marrow after prolonged treatment. Our study suggested that gentian violet can be inactivated by the liver detoxification system. However, it is potentially hazardous to cells that are exposed to the dye directly (e.g. skin epithelium and cell lining of the gastrointestinal tract).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A study of the feasibility of the use of gentian violet as a fungistat for poultry feed.

A 96% formulation of gentian violet was fungistatic to Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Candida albicans, Fusarium moniliforme, and Penicillum citrinum when incorporated into corn meal agar at 6.5, 39.0, and 156.0 p.p.m. A. flavus, Alternaria sp., F. roseeum, and P. citrinum were inhibited on corn meal agar which had been amended with 12.8, 26.6, and 38.4 p.p.m. of gentian violet in a 2.54% commercial liquid concentrate of gentian violet employed as the active ingredient in a commercial poultry feed additive. Sporulation of these fungi was not inhibited by either of the formulations of gentian violet at any concentration. An anhydrous gentian violet poultry feed additive (containing 2.05% gentian violet) significantly reduced the numbers of A. flavus and F. moniliforme propagules recovered from artificially contaminated feed samples treated with 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 g./1000 kg. of the additive (20, 40, and 80 p.p.m. of gentian violet, respectively) and stored for 12 weeks at 8.5% moisture and compared with the numbers of propagules recovered from contaminated-unamended samples. The numbers of propagules of F. moniliforme and C. albicans recovered from the pre-mix amended samples held for 12 weeks at 19% moisture also were fewer (significantly fewer for F. moniliforme) than those recovered from the contaminated, unamended feed. Amending the A. flavus or F. moniliforme contaminated feed samples did not reduce the numbers of propagules recovered below the numbers present in the original feed samples. GV was fungistatic to the test fungi under the conditions in these studies, since it inhibited, but did not prevent development of the test fungi. A. flavus and F. moniliforme were the fungi isolated in greatest numbers from the original sample.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Cytogenetic toxicity of gentian violet and crystal violet on mammalian cells in vitro.

The cytogenetic toxicity of gentian violet in Chinese hamster CHO cells in vitro has been studied by analyzing (1) squash preparations from direct fixation for recording mitotic anomalies and (2) air-dried preparations (with colcemid--hypotonic pretreatments) for recording metaphase chromosome aberrations. It was concluded that this compound is a mitotic poison as well as a clastogen in vitro. Its clastogenic property was confirmed in 5 other different mammalian cel types. 10 samples of different gentian violet and crystal violet were surveyed and all were shown to be clastogenic. Unless in vivo studies prove otherwise, gentian violet and crystal violet should be regarded as biohazardous substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Safety evaluation of gentian violet for breeder chickens.

Four treatment levels (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 x the recommended use level) of a gentian violet premix (Dye-Gen) were compared with non-medicated controls for breeder chickens during a 168-day study. There were no treatment effects up to and including 10 x the recommended use level on: average daily feed consumption, feed/dozen eggs, hatchability of fertile eggs, or mortality. Fertility was higher for the birds receiving 2.5 x the recommended use level than for the non-medicated controls. Egg production was higher (P less than .05) for the non-medicated controls and 10x groups than for the birds receiving the gentian violet premix at 2.5 x the recommended use level. Semen of breeder males was observed for % abnormal sperm, % dead sperm, % motility, vigor, and semen volume. There was no treatment effect on any of the semen characteristics evaluated. It can be concluded from these data that the gentian violet premix is safe for breeder chickens under the conditions of this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Gentian violet keratoconjunctivitis.

A case of bilateral keratoconjunctivitis caused by self-instillation of a 1% aqueous solution of gentian violet was complicated by a secondary uveitis and gram-negative conjunctivitis. The patient was treated with cycloplegics and specific antibiotics and after resolution of the bacterial infection, a mild topical corticosteroid was used. After six months the patient had completely recovered from the keratitis, but bilateral corneal vascularization, had unilateral posterior synechiae, corneal scarring, and cataract formation were present. Cationic dyes such as gentian violet appear to be toxic to the ocular surfaces and tend to produce severe intraocular inflammation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

[Necroses following the use of Pyoktanin].

In a patient suffering from chronic balanitis, necrotic lesions of the glans penis and the internal part of the prepuce occurred when treated with 1% gentian violet. Necrosis after treatment with gentian violet is a rarely seen complication which should be borne in mind.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The influence of cations on the permeability of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium and other gram-negative bacteria.

The high sensitivity of rough mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, S. minnesota, and Escherichia coli 08 (i.e. with defects in the carbohydrate core of the lipopolysaccharide) to several antibiotics and to the dye gentian violet could be substantially reduced by the addition of cations (Mg2+, Na+) into the growth medium. One heptoseless mutant of S. typhimurium (chemotype Re) and its isogenic smooth parent strain were studied in more detail. The uptake of gentian violet was about 20% in the smooth strain, about 60% in the Re strain grown without additional cations, but decreased to about 15% in the same strain, when cations had been present during growth. In all cases, almost 50% of the gentian violet taken up by the cells was membrane-bound. The total membranes of the Re strain grown in nutrient broth without additional Mg2+ ions were reduced in the 36K and 34K major outer membrane proteins compared with the smooth strain; when grown with added cations the Re total membranes (and even whole cells) did not revert to the protein pattern of the smooth strain.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

[Diagnosis, pathogenicity and therapy of Candida (author's transl)].

400 sputa and 400 vaginal smears (each from 200 patients and 200 healthy subjects) were examined for candida. To establish "change of pathogen" and alteration of resistance, the isolated strains were differentiated and investigated for their sensitivity to amphotericin, gentian violet, Glyceromerfen, iodine, Castellani's paint, gentian violet-nystatin, nystain and BAY 5097. An attempt was also made to ascertain the germ count "suspected" of producing pathological conditions. Pathogenicity, diagnosis and therapy are discussed.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1975

Selective staining of animal chromosomes with synthetic dyes following iodine-dye-procedure.

The paper embodies results of the use of 51 synthetic dyes, belonging to different chemical groups for staining of animal chromosomes following iodine-dye procedure. It has been found that some of these dyes can replace gentian violet, crystal violet and safranin when used after this procedure. It has further been found that the fluorescent dyes, acriflavine and acridine yellow can also be used to stain animal chromosomes and that some of the dyes belonging to one chemical group can be successfully used whereas others of the same group are of no use. Dyes of the monoazo group are absolutely useless. Amongst the dyes successfully used, the preparations remain stable when stained with most of them except methyl green, malachite green, brillant green, iodine green and cresyl violet and amongst acid dyes, acid fuchsin. Cytochemical studies presented herein indicate that the components of the animal chromosomes stainable with crystal violet are the nucleic acids and that these substances should be highly polymerised and should not be even in a semi-degraded state. Removal of any one of these nucleic acids makes the chromosomes unstainable with iodine-crystal violet.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: outer membrane and peptidoglycan composition of penicillin-sensitive and-resistant strains.

The cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, colony type 4, was studied. Outer membrane was isolated by lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of plasmolyzed cells according to Wolf-Watz et al. (1973). The degree of purity of the membrane preparations was checked by electron microscopy. The membrane fraction obtained had a density of 1.25 g/cm(3), was rich in phospholipase A and lysophospholipase, and contained only 10% of the total membrane activity of succinate dehydrogenase and d-lactate dehydrogenase. The outer membrane protein profile after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed at least six major proteins. The predominating protein showed a molecular weight of 35,000. The lipopolysaccharide component was characterized by gas chromatography. The carbohydrates found were galactose, glucose, and glucosamine. d-Glycero-l-manno-heptose was present in very low amounts. Lipid A contained lauric acid, stearic acid, and beta-hydroxy-myristic acid. About 20% of the fatty acids in the outer membrane was derived from lipid A. The phospholipids were characterized as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. There was no evidence for a lipoprotein anchored to the peptidoglycan. The peptidoglycan of N. gonorrhoeae was of the chemotype I. The cell envelope of N. gonorrhoeae was found to be highly permeable to gentian violet. Cell envelopes of one penicillin-resistant and two penicillin-sensitive strains were compared. Only moderate differences in fatty acid composition were found.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between biochemical and clinical indices of B-vitamin deficiency. A study in rural school boys.

1. A study amongst schoolboys in villages around Hyderabad, India, showed that almost all the boys had riboflavin deficiency, 61% had pyridoxine deficiency, and 9.4% had thiamin deficiency as judged by enzymic tests. 2. The prevalence of angular stomatitis was 41.3% and that of glossitis was 18.2%. Biochemical deficiency of riboflavin and pyridoxine was marginally higher in children with angular stomatitis with or without associated glossitis, than in children without oral lesions. 3. Treatment with B-complex vitamins (containing 4 mg riboflavin and 10 mg pyridoxine) daily for 1 month produced significant reduction in the prevalence of glossitis but had no effect on angular stomatitis. The latter responded to topical application of gentian violet. 4. Small but significant changes in erythrocyte enzymes occurred over the period of 1 month even without vitamin supplements. 5. Results suggest that while glossitis is a relatively early manifestation of riboflavin or pyridoxine deficiency or both, angular stomatitis has a more complex aetiology perphaps associated with infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The efficacies of common dyes in primary isolation media for recovery of pathogenic fungi.

Dyes incorporated into a basal medium of brain heart infusion, Sabhi, tryptic soy, or yeast extract--pepton--glucose (YxPG) agar for selective isolation of fungi were investigated. Dilutions of 1:500, 1:750, 1:1,000, 1:5,000, and 1:10,000 of 33 common dyes were tested against 11 gram-positive and 16 gram-negative bacteria. In addition, these dyes were tested against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and the dimorphic phases of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Twenty-one of the dyes did not inhibit any of the organisms tested. Brilliant green, gentian violet, and malachite green (at three dilutions) inhibited all the organisms tested. Methyl red was found to be the best dye in selecting for fungi. Several dyes were also found to inhibit selectively C. neoformans or C. albicans and the dimorphic fungi H. capsulatum or B. dermatitidis.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1976

Interfacial properties of polymethyl alpha-cyanoacrylate and polybutyl alpha-cyanoacrylate.

Several physical properties of two polyalkyl alpha-cyanoacrylates relevant to their use in pharmaceutical dosage forms have been investigated. Formation of polymer films at several oil-water interfaces reveals films of diverse morphology. The retardation of solute transfer across an oil-water interface caused by the presence of polymer films formed in situ from the monomers has revealed that the methyl derivative forms the more effective barrier to the test solute, gentian violet. The emulsion-stabilizing properties of the methyl polymer have been studied, and the film-forming properties of the monomers spread from benzene onto water surfaces have been examined using a surface balance.

Cyanoacrylates↗
PubMed1978

Effect of high dietary copper on the ceca of chicks.

Including 120 to 250 mg./kg. additional copper in practical broiler rations significantly affected the cecal appearance. The ceca were distended and the contents were darker in color and more pasty in consistency, compared to controls. Adding monensin sodium, gentian violet, or ferrous sulfate alone or in combination with copper to the ration did not significantly change the appearance of the ceca. Copper concentrations in the cecal contents reached levels above 5000 mg./kg., suggesting that the mechanism of action of copper in changing the appearance of the ceca may be related to an inhibition of normal fermentation that occurs in this part of the gastrointestinal tract. Sulfate, chloride and carbonate forms of copper all significantly changed cecal appearance, but the oxide did not, nor did a non-copper containing sulfate source. Macroscopic appearance of the gizzard lining and the proventriculus was also significantly changed by adding 240 mg./kg. copper to the diet, and liver weight and lipid content of liver dry matter were significantly increased.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Serological study of nontriturated fleas following preliminary cultivation of the plague microbe].

Under experimental conditions there was shown a possibility of serological study of nontriturated fleas for the presence of Past. pestis. Hottinger's broth with gentian-violet ((0.0003%) sodium sulfite (0.03%) and a surfactant--O (see article)-7 (3%) served as the growing medium. After the nontriturated fleas were grown for 48 hours at 37 degrees C the capsular antigen was detected with the aid of the passive hemagglutination and antibody neutralization tests. Detection of the capsular antigen in the growing medium pointed to the presence of Past. pestis in the fleas. To test the serological method of study the nontriturated fleas, the insects were collected in the colonies of Rhombomys opimus Licht. at the epizootic territory. The collected fleas were divided into portions (each portion contained not more than 20 fleas). Half of the portions of each collection was studied after trituration by the usual bacteriological method, and another--by serological method without trituration of the insects. In examining the parallel portions (a total of 2400 portions, about 32 000) it appeared that positive results were obtained by both methods with about the same frequency.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical study of strongyloidiasis].

Between 1961 and 1974 the authors had in their care 260 patients suffering from strongyloidiasis. The present paper deals with the clinical data evaluated from two points of view : the frequency of subjective and objective symptoms in the course of the disease, and the frequency of the groups of symptoms in terms of the clinical form of the disease. The frequency of the symptoms is listed according to the five evolutive stages of the disease (invasion, latency, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and neuropsychical phases). The following clinical forms were recorded : hepato-duodenovesicular, enterocolitic, pulmonary, neuropsychical, polymorphous and asymptomatic. Particularly efficient among the drugs used were gentian violet and dithiazanin (Telmid or Dilombrin).

Adult↗