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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Geography in multiple sclerosis.

Both mortality and morbidity data indicate quite clearly that multiple sclerosis is a geographically-related disease, and thus MS can be thought of as an acquired environmental (exogenous) illness. High frequency parts of the world for MS are Europe between 65 degrees and 45 degrees north latitude, northern United States and southern Canada, New Zealand, and southern Australia. These regions are bounded by medium frequency MS regions: in Europe to the north, east, and south; in America for southern U.S.; and the remainder of Australia. Latin America, Asia and Africa are essentially of low frequency from present data. Latitude is not a sufficient criterion: at 40 degrees north latitude, MS is high in America, medium in Europe, and low in Asia. All high and medium risk areas therefore are in Europe or European colonies; thus MS is the white man's burden spread from western Europe. Within the U.S., MS is less common among Negroes, Japanese, and possibly Amerindians than in whites regardless of geography. Migration studies among risk areas indicate that migrants keep much of the risk of their birthplace, but also that overall the risk is decreased by high-to-low migration, and probably increased by low-to-high. For the former, it seems that adolescence is the age critical for retention of birthplace risk. Some preliminary data on a possible epidemic of MS are also presented. All the epidemiologic information would be most easily explained if MS were an infectious (viral) illness with prolonged latency. The proof of this though must come from the laboratory.

Australia↗
PubMed1978

Shapes and sounds as self-objects in learning geography.

The pleasure which some children find in maps and map reading is manifold in origin. Children cathect patterns of configuration and color and derive joy from the visual mastery of these. This gratification is enhanced by the child's knowledge that the map represents something bigger than and external to itself. Likewise, some children take pleasure in the pronunciation of names themselves. The phonetic transcription of multisyllabic names is often a plearurable challenge. The vocalized name has its origin in the self, becomes barely external to self, and is self-monitored. Thus, in children both the configurations and the vocalizations associated with map reading have the properties of "self=objects" (Kohut, 1971). From the author's observation the delight which some children take in sounding out geographic names on a map may, in some instances, indicate pre-existing gratifying sound associations. Childish amusement in punning on cognomens may be an even greater stimulant for learning than visual configurations or artificial cognitive devices.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1979

Medical geography of Moldavia: historical contribution.

The role of Hungarian surgeons and physicians in the medical care of Moldavia was discussed in its historical development. Two medico-geographical works about Moldavia in the first half of the 19th century were discussed: Andreas Wolff and the Moldavian Constantin Vernav wrote the related books.

Geography↗
PubMed1975

Common geography as a clue to causation.

Certain diseases characteristic of modern civilization have been shown to have a similar worldwide geographical distribution, and in developing countries a similar socio-economic distribution. This suggests that some causative factor may be common to each, and evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that this might be the over-refining of carbohydrate foods.

Africa↗