Georgia jobfocus. Growth in Georgia: the nursing agenda.
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Employment↗
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A survey of Georgia dentists on interpretation of chapter 150-9 of law and rules governing the practice of dentists and dental hygienists in Georgia.
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Dental Assistants↗
Program and abstracts Thirty-first annual meeting of the Society of Protozoologists University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 20 to 25 August, 1978.
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Animals↗
Preceptorship: the impact on Georgia dental hygiene education.
The perceived imbalance between the supply of and demand for practicing dental hygienists has encouraged organized dentistry to pressure legislators for revisions in state practice acts. Georgia's recent experience with this type of legislation has required dental hygiene educators to develop, implement, and evaluate strategies that would increase the pool of available dental hygienists. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of strategies that were developed by Georgia dental hygiene educators to meet the recommendations spurred by proposed legislation in the General Assembly of Georgia. Dental hygiene program directors were charged by the chancellor of the University System of Georgia to improve student recruitment and retention, to explore the feasibility of new programs in areas of need, and to examine innovative ways to improve access to dental hygiene education. Dental hygiene faculties united with their professional association to activate alumni and registered hygienists, to improve public awareness by accentuating positive aspects of dental hygiene careers, and to organize a communication network whereby legislative information could be disseminated rapidly. Student recruitment was strengthened through individual and joint programs organized by dentists and dental hygienists. In response to these efforts, program enrollments were increased substantially, and a new program was established in an area of need. Nationally, dental hygienists are facing many challenges and problems that threaten to weaken or eliminate their status as educated and competent health professionals. Recently, dental and dental hygiene educators' attention was drawn to legislative activity in Georgia.
Dental Hygienists↗
An analysis of practice in Georgia and South Dakota.
Family practitioners in Georgia and South Dakota were surveyed in order to ascertain percentage of practice devoted to various specialty areas, daily case loads, type of diagnoses, method of handling telephone calls, and patterns of agency utilization. Questionnaires were sent to all South Dakota and Georgia family practitioners. In Georgia 22% of family practitioners do no surgery and 55% do no obstetrics, while in South Dakota 90% practice obstetrics. Differences in availability of specialists and in pysician referral patterns caused marked variations in family practice patterns. Diagnoses showing geographic differences included chronic lung disease, arthritis, sore throat, heart disease, and neuroses. About 50% of all physicians handled medical phone calls personally. Less than half the respondents in each state used some agency or resource in this time period. The distribution of specialists affects the patient load and needs to be considered when primary care is planned.
Community Health Services↗
HIV seroprevalence in hospital patients in rural Georgia.
To determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among hospital patients in three rural community-based hospitals in southern Georgia, we anonymously tested patients 15 to 54 years old for antibodies to HIV-1 from residual blood specimens collected for routine diagnostic purposes. Data collected included age, sex, race, hospital service, presenting condition, physician's knowledge of HIV infection status, and discharge diagnosis. Of 1319 patients tested, seven (0.5%, 95% confidence interval = 0.2% to 1.1%) had antibodies to HIV-1. Of those seven, five had HIV infection unsuspected by their physicians, and four had an infectious disease. HIV seroprevalence was 0.5% for both men and women, 1.0% for blacks, and 0.3% for whites. HIV-positive patients were found on all hospital services. These results suggest that in rural southern Georgia hospitals, HIV should be routinely considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions that may be related to HIV. In addition, these data demonstrate a need for medical services or referral networks for HIV-related illnesses and a need for continuing HIV counseling and testing offered by local health departments in rural southern Georgia.
Adolescent↗
An epizootic of bovine tuberculosis in Georgia.
A tuberculous beef animal was detected Aug 29, 1973, by a veterinary medical officer in a Georgia slaughter establishment. Animal identification and traceback eventually led to a purebred beef herd in Decatur County, Georgia. Investigation and tuberculin testing of 23,000 cattle in 350 herds revealed 11 Mycobacterium bovis-infected beef herds and resulted in the complete depopulation of 5 herds. The epizootic was confined to Georgia and was eradicated by April, 1975.
Animals↗
Increasing incidence of anemia among clinically ill Georgia broilers: 1988-89 vs. 1990.
The incidence of anemia in clinically ill Georgia broilers climbed from 66.4% (324/488) during 1988-89 to 80.9% (531/656) during 1990. The incidence of polycythemia fell from 1.6% (8/488) during 1988-89 to 1.5% (10/656) during 1990. Specifically, compared with 1988-89, the 1990 incidence of anemia increased significantly in chicks at age 7 days (P = 0.0002) and 28 days (P = 0.05). We have no certain explanation for this shifting incidence of anemia in clinically ill Georgia broilers. Anemic chicks have plasma that contains virus particles with morphologic characteristics consistent with a virus (chicken anemia agent [CAA]) known to cause anemia in chickens. If CAA is the predominant etiology for anemia in clinically ill Georgia broilers, then our observation could be easily explained. The increasing rate of anemia could indicate a decline in broiler health over time.
Anemia↗
Breast-feeding among women attending women, infants, and children clinics in Georgia, 1987.
Breast-feeding is an important determinant of the health and nutritional status of children, particularly in lower socioeconomic populations. A major goal of the Georgia Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is to increase the practice of breast-feeding among the women it serves. Breast-feeding practices were determined among a random sample of 404 women from a cohort of 2010 who attended WIC prenatal clinics in Georgia in 1986 and were expected to deliver in February 1987. Respondents were interviewed 6 months postpartum. Of these women, 24% initially breast-fed, but only 6% continued for 6 months or longer. The initiation of breast-feeding was associated with greater maternal education and with being married. The adjusted odds of breast-feeding for mothers who were married or living as married were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 5.3) times greater than for mothers who were not married or living as married. Mothers with more than 12 years, 12 years, or 10 to 11 years of education were 5.2 (1.8 to 15.3), 2.7 (1.0 to 6.9), and 2.5 (0.9 to 6.9) times more likely, respectively, to breast-feed than mothers with 9 or fewer years of education. After adjustment was made for marital status and education, the remaining variables (ethnicity, parity, age, and employment status) did not influence the initiation of breast-feeding in this low-income population. The need for vigorous promotion of breast-feeding by the Georgia WIC program is emphasized by the low rate of initiation and short duration of breast-feeding in this low-income population.
Black or African American↗
Healthcare Access and Safety Training Gaps Among H-2 A Visa Agricultural Workers in Georgia.
The H-2 A Temporary Agricultural Workers Program, which supplies seasonal labor essential to U.S. food security, has grown over 230% in the past decade but is excluded from the National Agricultural Workers Survey. Although safety training is federally mandated and H-2 A workers are eligible for Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace coverage, compliance and healthcare access among these workers remain poorly documented. The aim of this pilot study was to assess workplace safety training, heat acclimatization practices, health insurance awareness and enrollment, and healthcare utilization among H-2 A workers in Georgia. In summer 2024, bilingual research assistants orally administered a cross-sectional Spanish-language survey to 51 H-2 A workers at a South Georgia laundromat, in partnership with the Latino Community Fund Georgia. The survey assessed demographics, occupational characteristics, safety training, heat acclimatization, health insurance awareness and enrollment, and healthcare utilization. Findings are self-reported. Among participants, 41% reported not receiving federally mandated pesticide safety training, and 59% received heat illness prevention training. Heat acclimatization was inadequate for 53% (29% received none). Additionally, 53% did not know the nearest hospital, 43% reported having health insurance, and 25% were unsure of their health insurance status. Overall, 71% had never visited a doctor's office, and of 22 insured workers, only 1 (2%) had used benefits this season. Substantial gaps in workplace safety training, heat acclimatization, and healthcare access were observed in this pilot study, consistent with prior evidence of persistent disparities in this population. Community-based outreach, bilingual health navigation, and market-based labor accountability models warrant further investigation to improve protections for H-2 A workers.
Agricultural workers↗
Commercial national board review programs. A case study at the Medical College of Georgia.
For a long period, students have been taking national board examination review programs offered by commercial firms. The one question to which faculty and students would like the answer is, "Do the national board review programs offered by these commercial firms do any good?" Events at the Medical College of Georgia have provided an opportunity to gather data toward an answer to this question. In 1976, thirty-three medical students at the Medical College of Georgia enrolled in a commercial national board review program. Performance of these students was compared with the predicted performance of these students had they not taken the national board review program. The results suggest that the commercial review program did not notably help these students.
Education, Medical↗
Comparison of AIDS in women in rural and urban Georgia.
Through 1990, 308 cases of AIDS had been reported in female residents of Georgia (aged 13 years and older); 77 (25%) were white and 228 (75%) black. The mean age of the white women (43.8 years) was greater than that of the black women (34.5 years). One hundred sixty-six women were from Atlanta (metro Atl), the major metropolitan center in Georgia, and 142 (46%) from other regions of the state (other areas). Blacks represented 74% and 76% of all cases in women in metro Atl and other areas respectively. Of the 308 cases, 178 (58%) were related to intravenous (IV) drug use (99 metro Atl, 79 other areas), including 104 (58%) women who were IV drug users and 74 who were sexual partners of IV drug users. These proportions were similar in the two regions. Among cases related to IV drug use, 85 (86%) women in metro Atl and 69 (87%) women elsewhere in the state were black. The cumulative rate of AIDS in women in metro Atl (14.4/100,000) was twice that of women in the rest of the state (6.7/100,000). The rate for AIDS cases related to IV drug use in black women (27.8/100,000 population) was 19 times that in white women (1.5/100,000). The median survival of all women was significantly greater in metro Atl than in other areas (400 and 296 days respectively), with a difference also in those reported only with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (466 and 373 days respectively).
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Rape, race, and the death penalty in Georgia.
Following the 1972 Supreme Court decision on capital punishment, the Georgia legislature enacted a death penalty statute that attempts to avoid constitutional objections by establishing discretionary death sentencing for 361 rape cases in Georgia, comparing legal and nonlegal variables. Results indicate that blacks convicted of raping whites were disproportionately sentenced to death.
Black or African American↗
Distribution of serotypes of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex in Georgia.
Cultures of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex, isolated from patients who lived throughout the state of Georgia, were studied using the serotyping scheme of Schaefer. One hundred four (77 per cent) of the 135 isolates tested could be classified into 16 serotypes. The rest were not typable. Fifty-eight per cent of all the typable strains were serotypes 1, 14, 16, and 42. Results of the serotyping were recorded, mapped, and analyzed by county of residence. Most frequent isolations of these mycobacteria were from patients who resided in the coastal plain of Georgia. This finding correlates with the mycobacterial skin test studies of Edwards and associates, who found that the largest percentage of reactors to PPD-Battey resided in the costal plain. The disparate distributions of certain serotypes suggest the possible importance of regional factors that may affect the serotypes of mycobacteria indigenous to an area. The data do not suggest that chicken or swine reservoirs are highly significant sources of human mycobacteria.
Agglutination Tests↗
Diseases, parasites and survival of coyotes in south-central Georgia.
Serologic testing, radio-telemetry and post-mortem diagnostic evaluations were used to investigate survival and causes of mortality among 17 coyotes (Canis latrans) in south-central Georgia (USA). Prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae was lower (P = 0.057) among fall-captured (22%) than among winter-captured (75%) coyotes. Prevalence of heartworm was higher among adults than juveniles in the fall, but no significant difference was detected between animals captured in winter. Antibodies were found against canine parvovirus (65%), canine parainfluenza virus (59%), infectious canine hepatitis virus (41%), and Toxoplasma gondii (18%). Antibodies were not found to Brucella canis, canine coronavirus, five serovars of Leptospira interrogans, or canine distemper virus. Seroprevalence of canine parvovirus was lower (P = 0.009) among fall-captured animals (33%) than winter-captured animals (100%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of annual survival was 0.500 for all animals. Juvenile survival did not differ (P = 0.79) from adult survival, but male survival (S = 0.217) was lower (P = 0.11) than female survival (S = 0.804). Two of nine (22%) mortalities were human-caused, one was due to concurrent canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus infections, one animal died of trauma, two were considered natural mortalities of unknown cause, and no cause of death could be determined for the remaining three animals. Natural mortality may be significant for coyotes in south-central Georgia, although there was no apparent link between exposure to pathogens and the animals' subsequent fate in our small sample.
Animals↗
In vitro characterization of field isolants of Pasteurella multocida from Georgia turkeys.
Field isolants of Pasteurella multocida from fowl cholera outbreaks in Georgia turkeys were characterized by three sets of criteria: differential biochemical reactions, in vitro drug sensitivity, and serology. Of the 30 isolants studied, 28 exhibited identical biochemical patterns. These were similar to previously described patterns for turkey isolants of P. multocida. The two exceptions were isolants recovered from the same farm at different times. They differed only in ability to ferment arabinose. The isolants were generally sensitive to broad-spectrum antibiotics in vitro. The majority were also sensitive to the sulfonamides tested. Variation was sufficient, however, to warrant recommending in vitro sensitivity testing as a guide to selection of the proper therapeutic regimen in individual cases. Of the 30 isolants tested, 57% were of Heddleston's serotype 3, 3% were of his type 4, and 40% precipitated with antisera against both types 3 and 4. The large proportion of cross-reactors is unique to Georgia isolants. The biochemical patterns, drug sensitivities, and serological types had no apparent relationship to each other.
Animals↗
Incidence of anemia and polycythemia in clinically ill Georgia broilers.
The incidence of anemia and polycythemia was established in clinically ill Georgia broilers that were tested for packed cell volume (PCV) during 1988 and 1989. More than 66% (324/488 = 66.4%) of PCV-tested broiler chicks were anemic, and less than 2% (8/488 = 1.6%) of PCV-tested chicks were polycythemic. The incidence of anemia was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than expected (2.5%) at age 7 days (56.9%), 14 days (83.9%), 21 days (74.7%), 28 days (58.7%), and 35 days (57.9%). The incidence of polycythemia was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher than expected (2.5%) in 35-day-old broilers (21.1%) but was not significantly different from the expected rate in broilers at age 7 days (0%), 14 days (1.8%), 21 days (0.3%), and 28 days (4.3%). The established rates for anemia were much higher than we would have hypothesized. This led us to believe that either 1) an etiology for anemia is present in epizootic proportions in Georgia broilers, or 2) the standard method for establishing reference intervals for anemia in animals does not apply to broiler chicks.
Anemia↗
Elevated intraoperative blood carboxyhemoglobin levels in surgical patients--Georgia, Illinois, and North Carolina.
In October 1990, three hospitals, one each in Georgia, Illinois, and North Carolina, reported 26 episodes of elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels (normal: less than 3% in a nonsmoker, less than 10% in a smoker) during surgery in patients with no known carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. All three hospitals are large, medical-school-affiliated, training institutions. Hospital A (Georgia) reported 15 episodes from January 1987 through September 1989; hospital B (North Carolina), eight episodes from January through October 1990; and hospital C (Illinois), three episodes from January through September 1990. All of the episodes were detected during routine blood gas analyses that included COHb measurements (co-oximetry). In eight episodes, peak COHb levels were greater than 20%. Usually, when an elevated COHb level was detected intraoperatively, 100% oxygen was administered, an alternate gas source was instituted, and COHb levels returned to normal. No deaths or serious complications were reported.
Anesthesia, Inhalation↗