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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Roentogenographic chest screening in the detection and survival of patients with lung cancer. Cooperative Study Group for Early Detection of Lung Cancer in the German Democratic Republic.

In the German Democratic Republic (GDR), annual mass roentgenographic screening of the chest was introduced twenty years ago. To ascertain its value in the detection of lung cancer, data were collected about treatment results at the country's main chest clinics. The study cover 13,283 operations and 10,838 resections, accounting for nearly 90% of all patients with lung cancer treated surgically in the GDR from 1949-1974. From 1965 to 1968, the five-year survival was more favorable in patients who were screened than in those who were diagnosed after clinical symptoms had appeared (36% for the former, 29% for the latter). For improvement of overall results, we recommend differentiated regular chest roentgenographic screening of men 40 to 70 years of age, individualized on the basis of tobacco usage, and full exploitation of all diagnostic and surgical tools now available.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiology of influenza during 1957--75 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the German Democratic Republic.

Analysis of clinical data collected by the epidemiological services in both countries showed that each shift or drift in the antigenic structure of the influenza virus resulted in epidemics in both countries. Depending on the degree of antigenic change, both shifts and drifts influenced the speed of epidemic spread and the time of occurrence and the intensity of the epidemics. However, the analyses did not reveal a direct relation between degree of antigenic variation and the attack rate or the severity of the epidemic. The mean attack rate in both countries was about 13% depending on the pathogenicity of the circulating virus. The severity of the epidemics varied in the two countries but the fourth epidemic after each shift was severe in both countries. The reasons for this and other features of the epidemiology are discussed.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1976

The measles eradication programme in the German Democratic Republic.

After 3 years of intensive preparations the Ministry of Health of the German Democratic Republic started a national measles eradication programme in 1967. Vaccination was at first voluntary, but became compulsory in 1970. Through a vaccination campaign using Leningrad-16/SSW attenuated live vaccine, the disease was virtually eliminated throughout the country by 1972. In 1973 and 1974 only sporadic cases of measles were observed. The number of vaccination failures was negligible. Combined immunization against measles and poliomyelitis provoked no unusual reactions, and the difference between the seroconversion rates following combined or separate immunization was not statistically significant.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Research and production at the Friedrich Loeffler Institute for lifestock protection against virus epidemics in the German Democratic Republic].

Friedrich Loeffler's discovery of the pathogen of foot and mouth disease actually ushered in the era of virus research on man and animal and gave birth, at the same time, to efforts for immunoprophylaxis against the disease. This led directly to the foundation of the world's first virological institute on Riems Island. A brief account is given of the developments that have taken place up to our days in research and production at Friedrich-Loeffler Institute for Epizootiological Research on Riems Island. The Institute is affiliated to the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the German Democratic Republic. The importance of immunoprophylaxis to prevention and control of infectious diseases among agricultural animals has grown on the basis of present microbiological knowledge and along with progress in livestock production. This concept is explained in greater detail, and aspects of fundamental importance to appropriate research are expounded.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1979

Bases and consequences of the newly recommended daily intakes of vitamins for the population of the German Democratic Republic.

In 1977 the official recommendations of the GDR for the daily intakes of essential nutrients were revised and extended. The criteria used to establish the revision and the extension in regard to the recommended vitamin intakes are given. For assessing the adequacy of food supplies and intakes vitamin intake data from national food consumption surveys and the weighted average recommended intakes for the entire population were compared. To give a true representation of vitamin amounts actually consumed, different forms of calculating losses on the way from harvesting or producing foods to the gullet have been applied. With the exception of tocopherol the daily intake of all vitamins considered permanently increased within the 10 years' period regarded, and the average levels of vitamin intake may appear satisfactory. Nevertheless, it is not valid to conclude that the vitamin needs of all individuals have been met.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Twin pregnancy as a high risk pregnancy: new medical statistical data from the German Democratic Republic.

In 1972 the rate of multiple births showed a much more substantial decrease than in the years before. In the period 1963-1971 it dropped from 20.3% to 19.3% and in 1972 to 18.3%. The frequency of low birth weight in children from a multiple birth is 10 times higher than in all newborn children and the early neonatal mortality of children from a multiple birth is 8 times higher than that of all newborn infants. Cerebral damage is 30 times higher in children of low birth weight than in children of normal birth weight. In the period 1965-1967 perinatal death associated with cerebral damage (recorded on the death certificate) accounted for 5.7% of all children of low birth weight and for 0.2% of children weighing at birth over 2500 g. Early diagnosis of multiple pregnancy and early in-patient care of women with multiple pregnancy will improve the development of multiple fetuses and give children from a multiple birth much better chances in life. In all twin studies it has to be considered that a relatively high proportion of twins is affected to a higher or lesser degree by cerebral damage.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1975

[Trace element supply to ruminants in the German Democratic Republic. 2. Supply of copper].

The supply of copper to ruminants as influenced by and depending on the geological origin of soils was investigated in different parts of the GDR by using the hair test. Red clovers (meadow clover and field clover) were used as indicator plants. The following results were obtained: Data on the Cu content of clovers grown on soils of the same geological origin were found to correlate with r = 0,81. After eliminating the effects of Cu antagonists resulting from industrial pollution it was possible to establish numerical relations (B = 0.39 and B = 0.89) between the relative values (specific for the particular location) for the Cu content of the indicator plants and the percentage of cows suffering from Cu deficiencies (6.0 and 5.0 ppm Cu in hair). The lowest percentages of Cu supply to the ruminants (established on the basis of the Cu content of red clovers) were found on diluvial sandy soils, glacial loams and peat and bog soils whereas the highest percentages of Cu were found on weathered soils (of phyllite, gneiss, shell limestone, red marl soils and porphyry). Secondary Cu deficiencies in ruminants may arise, independent of the geological origin of the soil material, in places exposed to the main direction of the winds from major industrial areas (emission of SO2, Cd and Mo). Due to primary and/or secondary deficiencies the supply of Cu to ruminants in various locations (syenite, granite, red sandstone, gneiss, loess; peat soils, diluvial sandy soils) may be insufficient. A detailed description is given of areas where Cu deficiency is likely to occur and recommendations are given on how to use mineral mixtures containing a high proportion of Cu (1.00 g Cu per kg).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1975

[Supply of trace elements to ruminants in the German Democratic Republic. 3. Supply of zinc].

The supply of zinc to ruminants as influenced by and depending upon the geological origin of soils was investigated using the hair test and the technique of indicator plants. A total of 1276 samples of red meadow clover and 3022 samples of red field clover and 4184 hair specimens from cows were analyzed. The following statistically well-established results were obtained which appear to be generalizable: Red meadow clover contained significantly more Zn than red field clover (48 ppm/38 ppm). Red meadow clover and field clover grown on loamy soils (59%), weathered soils of less (59%), red sandstone (57%) basalt (53%), shell limestone (47%) and Keuper (41%) contained only 59%-41% of the amount of Zn found in indicator plants that were grown in locations were the highest Zn level (weathered soils of porphyry). Zn concentrations in red meadow and field clover grown on soils of the same geological origin correlated with r = 0.87. A positive correlation (B = 0.53) was found to exit between the relative proportions of Zn contained in indicator plants grown on a particular soil and the proportions of Zn contained in hair specimens from Zn-deficient cows (less than 100 ppm of Zn). The largest number of hair specimens containing less than 100 ppm of Zn were found in cows from areas with soils of basalt (17%), and loess (18%), areas with loamy soils (24%), and sandy diluvial soils (25%), or with alluvial pastures (23%), or with soils of Keuper (27%), shell limestone (22%) or red sandstone (29%). Ruminants in these areas are liable to suffer from Zn deficiencies.

Animal Feed↗