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16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[The influence on sound damages by an extract of ginkgo biloba (author's transl)].

A fraction of Ginkgo biloba, used in experiments with animals ensured significantly the diminution of sound damages caused by white noise or by a pure tone of 4.5 kHz. Higher amplitudes of the acoustic nerve potentials show the protective effect of this fraction of Ginkgo biloba at acute sound damages. It is moreover possible to hold physiologically the adaptation of excitation of the hair cells of the organ of Corti by the fraction of Ginkgo biloba before and after sound damage caused by white noise or during a pure tone of 4.5 kHz. The influence of the fraction of Ginkgo biloba can be seen by a significantly slower recovery of the noise damaged evoked potentials of the acoustic cortex. An efferent protective influence on the neurons of the acoustic cortex is discussed. The fraction of Ginkgo biloba in this form of solution has not been tested for clinical use but it seems to be rich in meaning.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Ginkgo biloba versus desmopressin in treatment of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) compared with Desmopressin and their combination in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 398 children aged 5-14 years with MNE were assigned to four groups: placebo, GBE (60 mg daily), Desmopressin (0.2 mg daily), or GBE plus Desmopressin for 3 months. Primary outcomes included the number of wet nights per week. Secondary outcomes assessed sleep quality using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), arousal by the Disorders of Arousal (DA) score, and quality-of-life using the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ). RESULTS: After 3 months, the combination group demonstrated the greatest improvement in wet nights (median 0 [IQR 0-2]) compared to GBE (6 [0.5-6.5]) and Desmopressin (2 [0-6]) (p < 0.001). Full response rates (&#x2265;90% reduction in wet nights) were highest with combination therapy (88.3%), followed by Desmopressin (46.5%), GBE (24.8%), and placebo (9.5%) (p < 0.001). GBE-containing groups showed significantly increased DA and SDSC scores, indicating enhanced arousal and lighter sleep. Quality-of-life (PinQ) score decreased in all treatment groups denoting improvement, with the best outcomes observed in the combination arm. Adverse effects were mild and comparable across groups, and serum sodium levels remained stable. CONCLUSION: GBE is a safe and effective novel therapy for MNE, improving sleep arousal and symptom control. Its combination with Desmopressin offers superior efficacy, better quality of life, and lower relapse rates than either agent alone.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Synthesis of anacardic acids in seeds of Ginkgo biloba.

Anacardic (6-alkylsalicylic) acids and common lipids are efficiently synthesized by immature seeds of Ginkgo biloba. The seeds were incubated with 14C-labeled acetic, malonic and palmitoleic acids, glucose, and other potential precursors. Levels of 14C in common lipids and in anacardic acids, and the distribution of 14C in anacardic acids were determined. The results show that the salicylic moiety is synthesized by a polyketide pathway via malonic acid. The chain moiety for anacardic acid synthesis is in a different state of activation and/or site than chains that are used for synthesis of the common lipids. Labeled shikimic acid did not contribute 14C to anacardic acids, nor to other lipids, and palmitoleic acid was incorporated only into common lipids.

Acetates↗
PubMed1992

Flow cytometric estimation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the content of hydrogen peroxide in dissociated mammalian brain neurons.

The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on the content of hydrogen peroxide was estimated in cerebellar neurons dissociated from rats, by means of a flow-cytometer and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) diacetate, a fluorescent dye for intracellular hydrogen peroxide. The GBE started to reduce the DCF fluorescence of the neuron at 0.1 microgram/ml to 0.3 microgram/ml. Further increases in the GBE concentration (up to 3 micrograms/ml) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the DCF fluorescence, suggesting that GBE reduces the content of hydrogen peroxide or suppresses the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation of cerebellar neurons. The present technique may be useful for preliminary evaluations of agents affecting the ROS formation in mammalian brain neurons.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental model of cerebral ischemia preventive activity of Ginkgo biloba extract (author's transl)].

Unilateral embolization of the brain was performed in rats by intracarotid injection of 4 000 radioactive microspheres (50 mu). Local blood flow in hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus and remainder of the brain were determined using the iodoantipyrine technique. Embolization resulted in a decreases in blood flow and modificationof the distribution of microflow. Furthermore, embolization produces changes in energy metabolism : particularly a fall in ATP and glucose levels and an increase in lactate level. Subsequently, severe vasogenic edema developed. There was a correlation between the number of microspheres injected and the amount of edema. Pretreatment using an extracted of Ginkgo biloba leaves partially suppressed the effect of embolization. An improvement of the flow in the ischemic areas associated with an improvement of the energy metabolism explain the decreases of the edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Adaptational behaviour of peripheral and central acoustic responses in guinea pigs under the influence of various fractions of an extract from Gingko biloba (author's transl)].

Experimental studies on 114 guinea pigs proved definitely the influence of an extract from Ginkgo biloba batch no. 02 on the acoustic system. Experiments with animals ensured that the adaptation of excitation of the organ of Corti is significantly influenced. This result is shown by registrations of the acoustic nerve potentials in the adapted and nonadapted state. The relation of excitation to adaptation is significantly changed. Under adaptation of excitation an influence on the metabolism of involution is probable. The slow evoked potentials of the acoustic cortex showed no additional influence on the central auditory pathways. With the Ginkgo biloba extract it is probably possible to diminish sound damages caused by white noise. Further experiments on animals are necessary to ensure the application of this pharmaceutical preparation for clinical use.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2025

NGATHA carpel development genes evolved in the common ancestor of seed plants.

The evolution of the carpel, the defining feature of angiosperms, remains a fundamental question in plant biology. Understanding how this organ originated is crucial because it underpins the reproductive success and diversity of flowering plants. Here, we investigated the functional conservation between gymnosperms and angiosperms of key transcription factors involved in carpel development. We found that Ginkgo biloba homologs can functionally substitute for their angiosperm counterparts in stigma development. We discovered that GbRAV5 is related to angiosperm NGA genes, challenging previous notions that these are exclusive to angiosperms, and we found a parallel loss of the AP2 domain in gymnosperms providing a rare snapshot of how protein families evolve. Conserved protein interactions and overlapping expression patterns of GbRAV5 and GbHEC in Ginkgo ovules suggest that the molecular toolkit for carpel development was largely present in the last common ancestor of seed plants, offering new insights into the evolution of reproductive structures.

Plant Proteins↗
PubMed2026

A study on the differences in recovery effects of different types of nutritional supplements on competitive performance of esports athletes under mental fatigue.

BACKGROUND: To compare the effects of different nutritional supplements on the recovery of core competitive performance abilities in esports athletes following mental fatigue and to observe changes in the autonomic nervous system during recovery after nutritional supplementation by monitoring heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS: A randomized crossover within-subject controlled experimental design was adopted, including nutritional supplement type (caffeine, nitrate, Ginkgo biloba extract, catechins, placebo)&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;mental fatigue state (initial, fatigued, post-supplementation). Twenty high-level first-person shooter (FPS) esports athletes were recruited. Mental fatigue was induced using a Stroop task. After ingesting the different supplements and resting for 60&#x2009;minutes, the participants completed assessments of shooting accuracy, shooting stability, spatial localization, and multitasking ability using the KovaaK's simulation trainer. HRV indices were also recorded to evaluate changes in autonomic regulation. RESULTS: For shooting accuracy, compared with the placebo condition, all four supplements significantly improved shooting accuracy scores following mental fatigue (all p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05); however, no significant differences were observed among the effects of the different supplements. For shooting stability, caffeine, nitrate, and catechins produced significant recovery effects on shooting stability (all p&#x2009; <&#x2009;0.05); however, no significant differences were observed among the effects of these three supplements. For spatial localization and multitasking ability, the improvements in these two abilities in the post-supplementation state may have resulted from natural recovery, and none of the four nutritional supplements demonstrated a significant recovery effect. The HRV results showed that indices including RMSSD and SDNN changed under some supplement conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Mental fatigue significantly reduced the competitive performance of esports athletes. Four types of nutritional supplements all promoted the recovery of shooting accuracy, while caffeine, nitrate, and catechins promoted the recovery of shooting stability. However, no additional recovery advantages of the nutritional supplements over placebo were identified for spatial localization or multitasking ability. Changes in HRV may reflect changes in autonomic regulation during recovery, but further research is still warranted.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Assessment of pharmacological effects on cerebral blood flow.

The effect of various drugs on hemispheric and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in a total of 410 patients. While a few drugs (midodrin, proxazole, vincamine, hexobendine, extract of ginkgo biloba, dextran and ouabain) were able to improve hemispheric CBF, only ephedrine combined with xanthines decreased CBF. For vincamine the dependency of the effect on certain plasma levels was established. Only ouabain of the tested cardiac glycosides effected CBF; their similar hemodynamic actions suggest here an influence of ouabain on cerebral vessels. For the evaluation of drug effects on rCBF the detection of heterogeneous responses is important. Such responses may be quantified by regression analysis. While intracerebral steal effects were observed only under certain circumstances, inverse cerebral steal phenomena may be caused by diverging actions of several drugs. If treatment is aimed at improvement of cerebral hemodynamics, only drugs with a demonstrated effect, at least on perfusion of ischemic regions, should be employed.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗