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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Prognosis of glaucoma simplex and glaucoma capsulare. A comparative study.

To study the prognosis of capsular glaucoma (102 eyes) as compared to simplex glaucoma (58 eyes), a retrospective comparison of the functional status of these diseases when first diagnosed and five years afterwards was made. At the first examination the capsular glaucoma eyes were on average more seriously damaged. After five years this tendency was more marked with several amaurotic eyes, 17% as compared to 10% of the simplex glaucoma group. Severe visual field loss in the eyes with advanced glaucoma after five years was present in 48% of the capsular glaucoma group but only 19% of the simplex glaucoma group.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Association Between 24-Hour Blood Pressure and Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Progression in Glaucoma: The Vascular Imaging in Glaucoma Study.

PURPOSE: Low systemic blood pressure (BP) has been implicated as a risk factor for glaucoma progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between 24-hour BP and rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-nine eyes from 42 subjects with glaucoma (mean age, 68.5 &#xb1; 7.6 years) enrolled in the Vascular Imaging in Glaucoma Study at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. METHODS: Participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at baseline. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 4-month intervals and included ophthalmic examination, BP measurement, and peripapillary RNFL thickness measurement with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The association between BP and RNFL loss over time was assessed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline RNFL thickness, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of baseline 24-hour mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) on the rate of average RNFL loss over time. RESULTS: Eyes underwent an average of 13 &#xb1; 3 optical coherence tomography exams over 43 &#xb1; 10 months of follow-up. The mean rate of RNFL loss was -0.34 &#xb1; 0.64 &#xb5;m/y (median: -0.32; interquartile range: -0.66 to -0.04 &#xb5;m/y). After adjusting for confounding factors, every 10 mm Hg lower in 24-hour minimum MAP, SBP, and DBP was associated with -0.542 &#xb5;m/y (P < .001), -0.360 &#xb5;m/y (P = .003), and -0.458 &#xb5;m/y (P = .008) faster RNFL loss, respectively. Eyes in the lowest quartile of average 24-hour MAP (81-90 mm Hg) and minimum 24-hour DBP (35-47 mm Hg) experienced significantly faster progression compared to those in the highest quartile, with differences of -0.68 &#xb5;m/y (P = .017) and -0.63 &#xb5;m/y (P = .030), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Lower systemic BP, especially minimum MAP, SBP, and DBP measured by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, is associated with faster rates of RNFL loss in primary open-angle glaucoma eyes. 24-hour BP monitoring may help predict glaucoma patients at greater risk of progression.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Thymoxamine test. Differentiating angle-closure glaucoma form open-angle glaucoma with narrow angles.

To help differentiate mild angle-closure glaucoma from open-angle glaucoma in patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and angles so narrow that the structures cannot be seen adequately, we used a thymoxamine hydrochloride eyedrop that induces miosis and tends to widen the angle. Thymoxamine does not contract the ciliary muscle and does not alter the IOP or facility of outflow in open-angle glaucoma, but it can relieve angle-closure glaucoma. A test with thymoxamine was performed in 26 patients because of this differential diagnostic dilemma. When gonioscopic, tonometric, and tonographic findings appeared to indicate a diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma, a peripheral iridectomy was done. Subsequent (one to 27 months) observations have substantiated that testing with thymoxamine is a helpful aid in this differential diagnosis, and merits more widespread evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of in vitro corticosteroid response in pigmentary glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma.

We used an in vitro assay utilizing corticosteroids to inhibit transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes to evaluate a group of 20 patients with pigmentary glaucoma. The pigmentary glaucoma patient group did not manifest the markedly increased cellular sensitivity to corticosteroids associated with primary open-angle glaucoma. If increased sensitivity to corticosteroids plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma, then pigmentary glaucoma appears to be etiologically, as well as clinically, a separate entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The cyclopentolate provocative test in suspected or untreated open-angle glaucoma. IV. Fluorescein angiography of the vessels of the iris in open-angle glaucoma eyes with a positive cyclopentolate response.

Fluorescein angiography of the iris (IFAG) was performed on 15 patients with a positive cyclopentolate response (IOP elevation greater than or equal to 8 mmHg) in 17 eyes to the cyclopentolate provocative test. The chamber angles were open in all the eyes. Seven of the responder eyes had capsular glaucoma undergoing treatment, six had simple glaucoma, two had pigmentary glaucoma and two suspicion of open-angle glaucoma. The object was to study with IFAG whether vascular changes can be established in the iris of the responder eyes such as could have a role in the elevation of IOP. All the eyes with capsular glaucoma displayed vascular changes, vasoproliferation and fluorescein leakage from the iris vessles. No other vascular changes were seen in the irises of the responder eyes. IFAG revealed no differences in the iris vasculature between responder and non-responder eyes. A vascular aetiology for the IOP elevation in responders is improbable.

Cyclopentolate↗
PubMed1977

Visual prognosis in advanced glaucoma: a comparison of medical and surgical therapy for retention of vision in 101 eyes with advanced glaucoma.

A detailed analysis of 101 eyes of 76 patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field loss but with retention of good visual acuity is presented. Patients were followed for a minimum of 4 years with an average duration of follow-up of 7.1 years. Loss of central vision, defined by permanent reduction of visual acuity to less than or equal to 20/200, occurred with equal frequency in eyes treated medically (15.8%) or surgically (13.6%) for glaucoma. Sudden loss of central vision also occurred following cataract extraction (8.7%). No patient lost central vision suddenly following surgery when central vision was spared at the time of operation. In addition, all cases that eventually lost central vision, either medically or surgically, demonstrated field defects which split fixation prior to its loss. Loss of central vision is seen rarely when medical therapy maintains the average intraocular pressure below 18 mm Hg, but increases markedly with higher pressures, reaching approximately 30% when average intraocular pressure is above 22 mm Hg. Progression in field loss is rare after successful glaucoma surgery, although cataracts develop in about 32% of such eyes. Cataracts also develop in 21% of medically treated eyes. In addition, about 50% of unoperated eyes demonstrate further field loss even when central vision is maintained. In spite of very definite risks, serious consideration should be given to glaucoma filtering surgery when the intraocular pressure is consistently over 22 mm Hg in patients on medical therapy with advanced glaucoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Closed angle glaucoma induced by phospholine iodide and epinephrine in a case of open angle glaucoma].

A patient suffering from open angle glaucoma was treated with topical phospholine iodide and epinephrine. Before treatment the anterior chamber was deep and the angle wide open in both eyes. Two weeks after beginning treatment there was an acute elevation of pressure to 52 mm hg in the right eye accompanied by myopia, shallowing of the anterior chamber and closure of the angle. These findings were dramatically reversed by the instillation of one drop of tropicamide and one drop of cyclopentolate. Simultaneous contraction of the dilator and sphincter muscles of the iris in this case probably caused pupillary block and closure of the anterior chamber angle, in spite of the initially wide open angle. Phospholine iodide may also have caused a spasm of the ciliary muscle and a forward movement of the lens, in a manner similar to that thought to occur in malignant glaucoma. Strong miotics together with epinephrine should be used cautiously in the treatment of glaucoma even when the initial examination shows a wide open angle.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Malignant glaucoma induced by miotics postoperatively in open-angle glaucoma.

A case of malignant glaucoma that developed in a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma is described. The malignant course was induced during the immediate postoperative period by the inadvertent use of miotics. The malignant course was successfully managed by osmotic agents, acetazolamide, cycloplegics, mydriatics, and topical steroids.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Oculographic automatic perimetry in glaucoma visual field screening: a clinical study--preliminary results in glaucoma patients.

An automatic method for visual field screening using oculographic potentials have been evaluated on 12 eyes of 65 glaucoma patients. The oculographic perimeter records, plotting the central 22 degrees of the visual field, have been compared with Armaly's manual selective perimetry performed by the Goldman Perimeter. In spite of different testing standards of both methods, equivalent pathological field defects were demonstrated in 72% of the eyes following the first examination. Successive plottings with the automatic method improved the results considerably. The method has proved to be a reliable objective automatic test. Further development is suggested through which the procedure might be useful for glaucoma screening in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The cyclopentolate provocative test in suspected or untreated open-angle glaucoma. III. The significane of pigment for the result of the cyclopentolate provocative test in suspected or untreated open-angle glaucoma.

Significant elevations of IOP, i. e. responses, occurred in eyes with suspected or untreated open-angle glaucoma during the mydriasis test with 1% cyclopentolate (CPT). The possible role of pigment in the IOP elevations seen in the responders was studied. Pigment was liberated in the aqueous, sometimes very profusely, in 88 (31.9%) of 276 eyes during CPT. The maximal IOP elevations, ad 20 mmHg, were seen in just these eyes. They were eyes with capsular or pigmentary glaucoma or eyes in which exceptionally heavy pigment was demonstrated in the chamber angle for other reasons. There was a statistically significant correlation between pigment liberation and IOP elevation during CPT. Evidently profuse pigment liberation may have caused transient blocking of the trabecular meshwork, obstruction of aqueous outflow and elevation of IOP. Liberation of pigment in the aqueous during CPT was statistically highly significantly more profuse in eyes with pseudoexfoliation than in eyes without pseudoexfoliation. An equally significant correlation with demonstrated between the grade of chamber angle pigmentation and the degree of pigment liberation during CPT. The significance of pigment for IOP elevation was seen also in the statistically highly significantly more profuse pigmentation of the chamber angle in the responder than in the non-responder eyes.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1978

Glaucoma implants. Their use in difficult cases of glaucoma.

Implants with a regime of fibrosis suppression (prednisolone 30 mg daily plus fluphenamic acid 200 mg three times a day for 6 to 8 weeks) controlled the intraocular pressure (applanation tonometry (AT) less than 21 mm Hg) in seven out of ten patients with different types of glaucoma. One implant was removed after erosion of the conjunctiva and sclera; there were no other serious complications. Use of the implant is indicated after failed drainage operations or as a primary procedure in glaucoma associated with aphakia, chronic uveitis, vitreous in the anterior chamber, and scarring of the conjunctiva.

Adult↗