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Results for “Global scale”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

Implementing Mutational Epidemiology on a Global Scale: Lessons from Mutographs.

The Mutographs Cancer Grand Challenge team aimed to discover unknown causes of cancer through mutational epidemiology, an alliance of cancer epidemiology and somatic genomics. By generating whole-genome sequences from thousands of cancers and normal tissues from more than 30 countries on five continents, it discovered unsuspected mutagenic exposures affecting millions of people, raised the possibility that some carcinogens act by altering forces of selection in tissue microenvironments rather than by mutagenesis, and demonstrated changes to the direction of somatic evolution in normal cells of the human body in response to exogenous exposures and noncancer diseases. See related article by Bressan et al., p. 16 See related article by Bhattacharjee et al., p. 28 See related article by Goodwin et al., p. 34.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The global potential of freshwater microbes for plastic degradation.

Plastic pollution is becoming increasingly severe on a global scale, and the potential for biodegradation as a treatment method that is environmentally friendly merits greater attention. A significant number of genes that associated the degradation of plastic (PDAGs) have been identified, however, the distribution of these genes among microorganisms in global inland waters remains to be elucidated. A global-scale meta-analysis was conducted, incorporating approximately 1000 metagenome datasets of inland waters across seven continents. A total of 13,109 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained by means of metagenomics binning, and 22,621 PDAGs were identified from these. Among these recognized PDAGs, phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAD) was the most dominant (n = 16,664), followed by catalase (n = 5931). The predominant hosts for PAD and catalase were identified as Gamma-proteobacteria and Bacteroidia, respectively. The largest number of both PAD and catalase was found in MAGs from North America, while the average gene number in single MAG was highest in MAGs from Oceania. In accordance with the prediction of traits, PDAG-carrying MAGs from Europe demonstrated the fastest growth rate and the lowest optimal growth rate. Furthermore, 25 styrene monooxygenase (StyA) enzymes were identified, which were found to cluster into two distinct groups hosted by Alpha-proteobacteria and Gamma-proteobacteria, respectively. Moreover, 11 MAGs were observed to possess the complete pathway of polystyrene degradation. These results explored the potential of inland water microorganisms as a biological resource for plastic degradation and provided valuable microbial reference information that can be used to develop biological treatment technologies for mitigating plastics.

Plastics↗

PubMed2026

Species Distribution Models Support Distinct and Non-Random Climatic Constraints on Globally Distributed Generalist Fungi.

Fungi play essential roles in ecosystems as pathogens, mutualists, and ubiquitous decomposers. However, like many important microbes, the spatial distribution of species and natural populations remains poorly understood compared to plants and animals. Many fungi are described as global generalists because they occur across wide geographic areas, but it remains unclear how and if these species are constrained by climate or geographic barriers. In this study, we used Species Distribution Models to infer the global climatic suitability of three common and globally distributed fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus fumigatus. Models were constructed using global occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and were trained with Bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim dataset. All species' models showed high prediction fit, with predicted occurrence concentrated in the temperate and subtropical regions and broadly structured patterns. Each species showed distinct predicted distributions, but they displayed considerable spatial overlap on a global scale. Together, these results demonstrate that even apparently globally occurring and generalist fungal species occupy climatically structured niches. This study highlights the utility of SDMs and it provides a framework for future studies integrating ecological, genomics and evolutionary perspectives among the difficult to assess geographically widespread and common fungi.

comparative biogeography↗

PubMed2025

Reflecting on Fleming's caveat: the impact of stakeholder decision-making on antimicrobial resistance evolution.

Antimicrobial resistance poses one of the greatest and most imminent threats to global health, environment and food security, for which an urgent response is mandated. Evolutionary approaches to tackling the crisis tend to focus on proximate issues including the mechanisms and pathways to resistance, with associated calls to action for infection control and antimicrobial stewardship. This is of clear benefit but overlooks the fundamental influence of policy and stakeholder decision-making on resistance evolution. In 1945, Fleming issued a stark warning on the irresponsible use of penicillin and its potential to cause death due to penicillin-resistant infections. Attention to resistance evolution theory and heeding Fleming's advice could have allowed for a vastly different reality. Embedding evolutionary theory within policy, industry and regulatory bodies is not only essential but is now a race against time. Hence, critical appraisal of historical behaviour and attitudes at a global scale can inform a paradigm of anticipatory and adaptive policy. To undertake this exercise, we focused on the largest group of antibiotics with the greatest clinical and economic footprint, the beta-lactams. We examined historical case studies that affected how beta-lactams were developed, produced, approved and utilized, in order to relate stakeholder decision-making to resistance evolution. We derive lessons from these observations and propose sustainable approaches to curb resistance evolution. We set a position that actively incorporates an evolutionary theory of antimicrobial resistance into decision-making within antimicrobial development, production and stewardship.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2026

Contrasting regulation of protein-coding genes and lncRNA homeologs in allotetraploid Coffea arabica.

A chromosome-level Bourbon assembly revealed that protein-coding homeologs are predominantly co-regulated between subgenomes. In contrast, intergenic lncRNAs display a modest, but statistically consistent bias toward subgenome E across diverse developmental and stress contexts. Coffea arabica is an allotetraploid species derived from natural hybridization between C. canephora and C. eugenioides, which contributed the C and E subgenomes, respectively. This genomic origin poses major challenges for genome assembly, annotation, and the interpretation of gene regulation. In this study, a high-quality genome assembly of C. arabica was generated and annotated, with particular emphasis on identifying protein-coding genes and intergenic long non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs). Homeologous relationships between genes from the C and E subgenomes were established, providing a robust framework to investigate subgenomic conservation and regulatory divergence. Using an extensive collection of publicly available RNA-seq libraries spanning multiple developmental stages, tissues, and environmental conditions, the relative transcriptional contribution of each subgenome was evaluated. On a global scale, gene expression was largely balanced between subgenomes, with no consistent evidence of subgenome dominance. While protein-coding genes showed comparable regulatory behavior across subgenomes, lincRNAs exhibited a more asymmetric expression pattern, suggesting higher subgenome-specific expression that is interpreted here as a consistent directional tendency rather than as evidence of subgenome dominance. Together, these results provide new insights into the regulatory architecture of the C. arabica genome and establish a foundational genomic and transcriptomic resource for future functional studies and crop improvement efforts.

Coffea↗

PubMed2025

Genetic characterization of rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Helsinki, Finland.

We report complete and partial genome sequences of rat hepatitis E virus (RHEV, Rocahepevirus ratti), from archived brown rats captured in Helsinki, Finland. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of the pathogenic RHEV genotype C1 in the Helsinki region. Finnish strains clustered together with strains from South Korea and Spain. However, the polytomous topology of phylogenetic trees and the large genetic distances between spatially distinct strains suggest that RHEV has remained inadequately sampled on a global scale. Further surveillance of rocahepeviruses is needed to assess their threat to public health and to understand their diversity and evolutionary patterns.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of multistrain probiotic supplementation on hepatic function and anthropometric parameters in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly prevalent on a global scale. The gut microbiota is integral to its pathogenesis, prompting extensive research into microbiota modulation as a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of multistrain probiotics supplementation on hepatic function in patients with MASLD in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The primary outcomes were changes in Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and fatty liver index (FLI). Secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric parameters, selected biochemical markers, and other liver-related indices. METHODS: A total of 64 patients with MASLD were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either placebo (C) or a probiotic mixture (PRO) containing the following bacterial strains: 50% Lactococcus lactis Rosell-1058, 25% Lacticaseibacillus casei Rosell-215, 12.5% Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52, 12.5% Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell-71 for 12 wk. RESULTS: Significant group × time interactions were observed for FIB-4 (Q = 0.007), with reduction in the PRO group and increase in the C group (-0.05 vs. 0.10; P = 0.002). No significant interaction was found for FLI (Q = 0.942). Significant group × time interactions were also observed for aspartate aminotransferase (-2.87 vs. 1.87 U/L; Q = 0.003) and APRI (-0.03 vs. 0.02; Q = 0.001), favoring the PRO group (P < 0.001 for both). No significant changes were observed in anthropometric parameters, glucose levels, or lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with MASLD, the 12-wk probiotic supplementation had a modest but statistically significant effect on FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase, and APRI, with no significant effect on FLI or anthropometric and metabolic parameters. These findings suggest that this probiotic formulation may have potential benefits for liver function in MASLD. However, long-term studies incorporating imaging-based and histological endpoints are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Improving access to antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia in Ethiopia, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa: an evidence-based global consensus.

There are disparities in access to antipsychotics for schizophrenia across different country settings. Improving access to a wider and more equitable range of medications in low-income and middle-income countries is a priority. A multidisciplinary team of international experts, including individuals with lived experience, appraised the most relevant and recent information on antipsychotics in schizophrenia and contextualised it to four African countries (Ethiopia, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa) using a validated consensus methodology. We recommended a list of drugs to prioritise to guide clinical implementation and research, and market shaping. We identified key evidence gaps: little of the existing evidence comes from the countries of interest, trials generally involve highly selected populations, and the complexity of real-world settings is not reflected. However, this methodology highlights a route forward to prioritise the best available evidence on pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia at a global scale, which could also be applied to treatments for other mental health conditions.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major global-scale social issue affecting public health. The high potential for addiction and dependence makes opioid use a significant concern, contributing to substance-related disorders. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the predisposition to OUD, with the opioidergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems playing primary roles in itsonset. METHODS: This narrative review documents the association between genes and their variants related to these three systems, along with current evidence on epigenetic interventions in OUD. Relevant studies investigating candidate-gene associations and molecular mechanisms were synthesized to highlight genetic variants and epigenetic processes linked to OUD. RESULTS: Genetic associations play a prominent role in OUD, with several single-nucleotide variants identified in affected populations. Key genes implicated include OPRM1, OPRD1, OPRK1, PDYN, OPRL1, and POMC from the opioidergic system; DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, ANKK1, and COMT from the dopaminergic system; and GABRA2, GABRB3, GABRG2, GAD1, and GAD2 from the GABAergic system. Evidence also indicates that chronic opioid use is associated with epigenetic changes through posttranslational histone modifications and DNA methylation. However, limitations in existing studies include small sample sizes, limited replication, and potential stratification biases. CONCLUSIONS: Although many candidate-gene associations have been proposed for OUD, robust evidence remains limited. Large, ancestrally diverse genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and systematic replication studies are urgently needed. A deeper understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and neurobiological bases of addiction will be essential for the development of precisely targeted medications to improve prevention and treatment outcomes for OUD.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genetic rescue stabilizes diversity in small isolated populations of Bonneville cutthroat trout.

Genetic diversity loss due to anthropogenic factors is occurring rapidly on a global scale, putting many species at risk of extirpation and extinction. Different management strategies have been developed to slow this loss; however, it is often unknown whether these strategies reach their intended goals. In this study, we evaluate population structure and changes in nucleotide diversity (π) in isolated populations of Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) from the Snake Range (Nevada, USA). Starting in the 1990s, three of these populations were used to reestablish populations in the Snake Range because many of the historic populations were extirpated. Some populations were stocked using a single-source and others were stocked using multiple-sources. Using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing coupled with historic samples (2003-2010) and contemporary samples (2019-2022), we find that single-source populations lost nucleotide diversity while mixed-source populations maintained nucleotide diversity. Further, source populations used to restore populations throughout the Snake Range lost the most nucleotide diversity over the time span evaluated. Our findings provide insight into how small, isolated populations can be managed to maintain genetic diversity.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Embed-Search-Align: DNA sequence alignment using Transformer models.

MOTIVATION: DNA sequence alignment, an important genomic task, involves assigning short DNA reads to the most probable locations on an extensive reference genome. Conventional methods tackle this challenge in two steps: genome indexing followed by efficient search to locate likely positions for given reads. Building on the success of Large Language Models in encoding text into embeddings, where the distance metric captures semantic similarity, recent efforts have encoded DNA sequences into vectors using Transformers and have shown promising results in tasks involving classification of short DNA sequences. Performance at sequence classification tasks does not, however, guarantee sequence alignment, where it is necessary to conduct a genome-wide search to align every read successfully, a significantly longer-range task by comparison. RESULTS: We bridge this gap by developing a "Embed-Search-Align" (ESA) framework, where a novel Reference-Free DNA Embedding (RDE) Transformer model generates vector embeddings of reads and fragments of the reference in a shared vector space; read-fragment distance metric is then used as a surrogate for sequence similarity. ESA introduces: (i) Contrastive loss for self-supervised training of DNA sequence representations, facilitating rich reference-free, sequence-level embeddings, and (ii) a DNA vector store to enable search across fragments on a global scale. RDE is 99% accurate when aligning 250-length reads onto a human reference genome of 3 gigabases (single-haploid), rivaling conventional algorithmic sequence alignment methods such as Bowtie and BWA-Mem. RDE far exceeds the performance of six recent DNA-Transformer model baselines such as Nucleotide Transformer, Hyena-DNA, and shows task transfer across chromosomes and species. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Please see https://anonymous.4open.science/r/dna2vec-7E4E/readme.md.

Sequence Analysis, DNA↗

PubMed2026

Striping artifact removal in VisiumHD data through nuclear counts modeling.

MOTIVATION: 10x Genomics VisiumHD enables spatial transcriptomics at 2 µm × 2 µm resolution but exhibits slide-specific, non-periodic striping artifacts due to lane-width variability. These multiplicative row/column effects distort bin total counts and can bias downstream analyses. The state-of-the-art destriping approach is the normalization procedure used as a preprocessing step in bin2cell; it applies sequential high-quantile row- then column-wise normalization, which is asymmetric and can introduce edge effects/macro-stripes and distortions of large-scale total-count structure. RESULTS: We propose a statistical destriping approach that leverages nuclei segmentation from the co-registered H&E image. Assuming transcript abundance is constant within each nucleus, we model bin counts with a negative binomial distribution whose mean is a product of a nucleus-specific concentration and row- and column-specific stripe-factors reflecting lane-width variation. We fit all parameters in a generalized linear modeling framework with cross-validated regularization on stripe-factors and iterative dispersion estimation, and use the fitted parameters to correct the observed counts into a destriped image. On synthetic data with known ground truth, our method improves stripe-factor estimation accuracy and reduces error in corrected counts relative to bin2cell and bin2cell-derived baselines. Across four public VisiumHD slides, it consistently lowers striping intensity while substantially better preserving biological signal present in the large-scale global count structure and avoiding the artifacts introduced by other methods. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: All source code and links to publicly available data used for this study are available at https://github.com/paolamalsot/destriping-GLM.

Artifacts↗

PubMed2026

Isolation and global occurrence of nitrogen-fixing Acidobacteriota in soil environments.

Acidobacteriota, one of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial phyla in soils, are well recognized for their role in carbon cycling. In contrast, their roles in soil nitrogen cycling remain largely unexplored, although recent metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) analyses suggest that Acidobacteriota may harbor genes involved in nitrogen cycling. Here, we provide culture-based evidence of diazotrophy within this phylum and demonstrate the widespread occurrence of nitrogen-fixing Acidobacteriota across diverse soil types. From grassland and agricultural soils, we isolated five Acidobacteriota strains representing novel taxonomic lineages, four of which harbor functional nitrogenase (nif) gene clusters. These strains were capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in vitro and/or in soil microcosms, as evidenced by acetylene reduction, N2-dependent growth, transcription of nif genes, incorporation of 15N into biomass and soil, and inhibition of nitrogenase activity by ammonium. Furthermore, global-scale meta-analysis of soil metagenomes revealed that nif-harboring Acidobacteriota are widely distributed and locally dominant across soil types. These results demonstrate the nitrogen-fixing capability of Acidobacteriota at the organismal level, complementing MAG-based inferences, and underscore their adaptive capacity in nitrogen-limited environments and their potential contribution to terrestrial nitrogen fixation. We also propose novel taxa within the class Terriglobia of the phylum Acidobacteriota, including diazotrophic strains, comprising one novel family, three novel genera, and four novel species: Koromonadaceae fam. nov., Koromonas soli gen. nov., sp. nov., Koromonas humicola sp. nov., Oryzophilus luti gen. nov., sp. nov., and Humiphilus diazotrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov.

Soil Microbiology↗

PubMed2025

Avian Migration-Mediated Transmission and Recombination Driving the Diversity of Gammacoronaviruses and Deltacoronaviruses.

In the wake of pandemics like COVID-19, which have zoonotic origins, the role of wildlife as reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases has garnered heightened attention. Migratory birds, traversing continents, represent a potent but under-researched vector for the spread of infectious diseases, including novel coronaviruses. This study delves into the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of coronaviruses in migratory birds, presenting pivotal findings. From April 2019 to April 2023, we screened 5,263 migratory bird samples collected from Shanghai, China, identifying 372 coronavirus-positive samples belonging to five avian-related coronavirus subgenera and subsequently obtaining 120 complete genome sequences. To facilitate further research with a global perspective, the study curated all available 19,000 avian-associated coronaviruses and expanded the original 12 species to 16, including three novel coronavirus species identified in our study and one re-classified species from the public domain. The study illuminates the intricate genetic evolution and transmission dynamics of birds-related coronaviruses on a global scale. A notable aspect of our research is the identification of complex recombination patterns within the spike protein across different virus species and subgenera, highlighting migratory birds as a reservoir of coronavirus. Notably, the coronaviruses found in migratory birds, predominantly from the orders Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, and Pelecaniformes, with domestic ducks from Anseriformes playing a key role in bridging the transmission of coronaviruses between migratory and non-migratory birds. These findings reveal the genetic and recombination characteristics of coronaviruses in migratory birds, emphasizing the critical role of ecologically pivotal bird species in coronavirus transmission and genetic diversity shaping.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

A novel regulation on the developmental checkpoint protein Sda that controls sporulation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.

UNLABELLED: Biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis is triggered by an unusually simple environmental sensing mechanism. Certain serine codons, the four TCN codons (N for A, T, C, or G), in the gene for the biofilm repressor SinR caused lowered SinR translation and subsequent biofilm induction during transition from exponential to stationary growth. Global ribosome profiling showed that ribosomes pause when translating the four UCN (U for T on the mRNA) serine codons on mRNA, but not the two AGC/AGU serine codons. We proposed a serine codon hierarchy (AGC/AGT vs TCN) in that genes enriched in the TCN serine codons may experience reduced translation efficiency when serine is limited. In this study, we designed an algorithm to score all protein-coding genes in B. subtilis NCIB3610 based on the serine codon hierarchy. We generated a short list of 50 genes that could be subject to regulation by this novel mechanism. We further investigated one such gene from the list, sda, which encodes a developmental checkpoint protein regulating both sporulation and biofilm formation. We showed that synonymously switching the TCN serine codons to AGC in sda led to delayed biofilm formation and sporulation. This engineered strain also outgrew strains with other synonymously substituted sda alleles (TCN) in competition assays for biofilm formation and sporulation. Finally, we showed that the AGC serine codon substitutions in sda elevated the Sda protein levels. This serine codon hierarchy-based novel signaling mechanism could be exploited by bacteria in adapting to stationary phase and regulating important biological processes. IMPORTANCE: Genome-wide ribosome profiling in Bacillus subtilis shows that under serine limitation, ribosomes pause on the four TCN (N for A, C, G, and T), but not AGC/AGT serine codons, during translation at a global scale. This serine codon hierarchy (AGC/T vs TCN) differentially influences the translation efficiency of genes enriched in certain serine codons. In this study, we designed an algorithm to score all 4,000+ genes in the B. subtilis genome and generated a list of 50 genes that could be subject to this novel serine codon hierarchy-mediated regulation. We further investigated one such gene, sda, encoding a developmental checkpoint protein. We show that sda and cell developments controlled by Sda are also regulated by this novel mechanism.

Bacillus subtilis↗

PubMed2026

Centuries of Potato Late Blight: Tracking Global Epidemics and Managing Future Outbreaks.

Phytophthora infestans killed the potato crop in Ireland in 1845, leading to widespread famine and the death of more than one million people. Historic herbarium specimens from the famine era were used to understand the pathogen's biology and track its global spread, providing a valuable resource for research. Historic outbreaks in the United States and Europe were caused by the FAM-1 lineage, whereas the US-1 lineage spread later. The famine lineage was basal in the phylogeny and ancestral to modern US-1, Mexican, and globally aggressive lineages. An admixture between the famine lineage and the Andean species Phytophthora andina was revealed, indicating a South American origin of the disease. Temporal changes in the presence and abundance of virulence genes were observed in historic compared to modern genomes. Expansion in effector abundance occurred as new genotypes emerged in the mid-twentieth century. Disease surveillance and genotyping on a global scale have helped to inform disease management.

Solanum tuberosum↗

PubMed2024

Structural modelling and preventive strategy targeting of WSSV hub proteins to combat viral infection in shrimp Penaeus monodon.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) presents a considerable peril to the aquaculture sector, leading to notable financial consequences on a global scale. Previous studies have identified hub proteins, including WSSV051 and WSSV517, as essential binding elements in the protein interaction network of WSSV. This work further investigates the functional structures and potential applications of WSSV hub complexes in managing WSSV infection. Using computational methodologies, we have successfully generated comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) representations of hub proteins along with their three mutual binding counterparts, elucidating crucial interaction locations. The results of our study indicate that the WSSV051 hub protein demonstrates higher binding energy than WSSV517. Moreover, a unique motif, denoted as "S-S-x(5)-S-x(2)-P," was discovered among the binding proteins. This pattern perhaps contributes to the detection of partners by the hub proteins of WSSV. An antiviral strategy targeting WSSV hub proteins was demonstrated through the oral administration of dual hub double-stranded RNAs to the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, followed by a challenge assay. The findings demonstrate a decrease in shrimp mortality and a cessation of WSSV multiplication. In conclusion, our research unveils the structural features and dynamic interactions of hub complexes, shedding light on their significance in the WSSV protein network. This highlights the potential of hub protein-based interventions to mitigate the impact of WSSV infection in aquaculture.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

SGLF-Net:Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network for Colonoscopic Polyp Segmentation.

Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images plays a pivotal role in computer-aided medical diagnosis and the early prevention of colorectal cancer. However, existing methods often suffer from performance degradation when confronted with extreme polyp scale variation and polyp boundary ambiguity. To address these challenges, we propose the Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network (SGLF-Net), which adopts a novel staged global-to-local learning paradigm to progressively refine segmentation from coarse global semantics to fine-grained local details. Specifically, the Global Semantic Perception Stage integrates a Swin Transformer Encoder and a Dynamic Attentive Decoder (DAD) to construct comprehensive multi-scale contextual representations. The Local Detail Refinement Stage employs an Edge-aware Dynamic Attentive Decoder (E-DAD) to enhance structural fidelity and boundary precision through explicit edge-guided supervision. Furthermore, we introduce the Cross Spatial-Scale Feature Aggregation and Reconstitution (CSSAR) module, equipped with hybrid attention mechanisms, to facilitate efficient semantic structural interaction between the two cascaded stages. Extensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets demonstrate that SGLF-Net consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both segmentation accuracy and boundary preservation.

Journal Article↗