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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Molecular and metabolic aspects of lysosomal glycogen.

The high molecular weight glycogen associated with the lysosomal compartment in glycogen storage disease type VIII is more resistant to degradation by proteinase than normal glycogen. The assembly of large glycogen particles on disulphide-linked protein backbones has been confirmed and the disulphide-reducing nature of the lysosome appears to confer an advantage in the amylolytic degradation of glycogen. Experiments utilising acarbose, a lysosomal (1----4)-alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitor, show that some blood glucose could arise in normal mammals from extra-hepatic tissue, by degradation of the glycogen in the lysosomal compartment.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1989

A female case of type VIII glycogenosis who developed cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular tumor.

The case of a 17-year-old female with a rare form of type VIII glycogenosis who developed cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular tumor is reported. Laparoscopy showed a tumor 50 mm in diameter in the lower portion of the right lobe of the liver. The tumor was biopsied under ultrasonic guidance, and tentatively diagnosed as adenomatous hyperplasia. The patient was also diagnosed as having type VIII glycogenosis (phosphorylase kinase deficiency).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Glycogen storage diseases in animals and their potential value as models of human disease.

Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are inborn errors of glycogen metabolism. Of the eight human GSD types in which the enzymatic deficiency has been identified, spontaneous animal counterparts have been reported for GSD I (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) in the mouse, for GSD II (acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency) in the dog, in cattle and in the quail, for GSD III (debrancher enzyme deficiency) in the dog and for GSD VIII (phosphorylase kinase deficiency) in the rat and the mouse. Experimentally induced GSD-like conditions have been described in the rat (Acarbose-induced GSD II-like conditions, iodoacetate-induced symptoms of myophosphorylase (GSD V) and myophosphofructokinase (GSD VII) deficiency) and the chicken (ochratoxin A-induced symptoms of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase deficiency). Enzymatic defects that are typical of the human GSD types have not been clearly identified in the induced animal conditions. The homology of animal and human GSD types is discussed. It is concluded that clinical, pathogenic and therapeutic studies of GSD may benefit from the use of animal models. For genetic studies of human GSD these models may prove to be of limited value, as the picture of several human GSD types is already obscured by genetic heterogeneity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Glycogenosis type VIII.

Glycogenosis Type VIII, characterized ultrastructurally by an accumulation of rosettes (alpha-particles) of glycogen in the central nervous system, is an extremely rare condition; only two sporadic cases are on record. The first complete autopsy on a patient with cerebral alpha-particle glycogenosis, a 20-year-old American-Indian female, is the subject of this report. The case was clinically unique because of long survival and presumable familial incidence. The gross pathology was characterized by severe brain atrophy but preserved thickness of the cortical mantle. Vacuolation of the neuropil was the main histological abnormality and was most extensive in the striatum and less so in the cerebral cortex and some brain stem nuclei. Biochemical analysis showed glycogen levels elevated fiftyfold in the striatum and eightfold in the cerebral cortex in comparison with control tissue. Ultrastructural observations and evidence obtained from the Golgi method suggest that the distal axon was the principal site of storage. Two prominent additional abnormalities, spheroids, not previously observed in this disease, and massive accumulation of lipofuscin, were probably both related to the prolonged course of illness. The viscera, including the liver were morphologically free of storage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Glycogen storage disease: recommendations for treatment.

A workshop was held on "Aspects of treatment of patients with glycogen storage disease" within the framework of the Concerted Action "Inborn errors of metabolism" of the European Communities. Consensus was reached on the main issues of treatment of patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate translocase, debranching enzyme, liver phosphorylase and phosphorylase-b-kinase. The resulting recommendations are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient acute cortical blindness associated with hypoglycemia.

A 7-year-old boy with glycogen storage disease type III developed transient acute cortical blindness associated with hypoglycemia on two separate occasions; the patient also demonstrated transient high-voltage slowing on the electroencephalogram over both occipital areas. This patient is the second examined in our pediatric department during a 5 year period with acute cortical blindness associated with hypoglycemia.

Blindness↗
PubMed1980

[Differential diagnosis of glycogenoses].

Different types of hepatic, muscular, and generalized forms of glycogen stogare disease, a hereditary disease caused by glycogen metabolism disorders, are analysed. The clinical and biochemical features of these diseases are described. The data on enzyme defects and methods for their detection in different types of glycogenoses as well as on the prevalence of the disease in different countries are presented.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

DDAVP infusion in five patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease and associated correction of prolonged bleeding times.

Five patients with glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I) were evaluated for a bleeding diathesis and subsequently were given an infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Although platelet counts were normal or slightly elevated, the baseline template bleeding times were prolonged in four of the patients. Prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times were normal, while ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregations were absent in the three patients tested. Ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregations were abnormal. Laurell and immunoradiometric determinations of the factor VIII-related antigen (vWf antigen) were decreased. Glyoxyl agarose gel electrophoresis of the patients' plasma revealed abnormal multimer patterns in four of the five patients. After the DDAVP infusion the platelet aggregation abnormalities persisted; however, the bleeding time and the von Willebrand antigen and activity corrected. We conclude that GSD-Ia patients may have a metabolically acquired form of von Willebrand's syndrome as well as an acquired intrinsic platelet defect, and that DDAVP may be useful in the management of bleeding in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Glycogen accumulation in the pars recta of the proximal tubule in Fanconi syndrome.

We reviewed the renal pathology in 10 cases of renal Fanconi syndrome. Five cases showed the Armanni-Ebstein lesion, i.e., clear glycogen-filled cells limited to the pars recta of the proximal tubules. The 5 cases included 2 siblings with a unique syndrome characterized by death in infancy, severe Fanconi syndrome, severe rickets, carnitine deficiency, and atrophy of the exocrine pancreas. Two other siblings had glycogen storage disease type XI. One of 4 cases of putative tyrosinemia had the lesion. The ultrastructure was studied in 2 cases. The Armanni-Ebstein lesion in these cases was morphologically indistinguishable from that seen in diabetic patients dying after prolonged hyperglycemia. Glycosuria is the only common factor in both diabetic hyperglycemia and the varied proximal tubular diseases studied. The mechanism of the glycogen accumulation in this short parts recta segment of the proximal renal tubule was further investigated by reviewing the renal histology in cases of glycogen storage disease types I, II, III, and VIII. None showed the Armanni-Ebstein lesion, but type I showed glycogen deposition throughout the proximal tubule. Thus, the Armanni-Ebstein lesion is not the result of an enzymatic deficiency for glycogen synthesis in the convoluted tubules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Dicarboxylic aciduria during ketotic phases in various types of glycogen storage disease.

Urine samples were collected before and after a starvation period of 14-16 h from patients with glycogen storage disease, one with type III (amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency), four with type VIII (phosphorylase-b-kinase deficiency), and one with an unclassified type. The excretion of adipic, suberic, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid was measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The tendency towards ketosis seemed to decline with age in the patients with type VIII. In the non-ketotic patients no excess amounts of dicarboxylic acids were excreted. Therefore, glycogen storage disease per se seems to have no direct relationship to the excretion of adipic or suberic acid. A positive correlation was, however, found between the urinary excretion of on one side 3-hydroxybutyric and on the other adipic (correlation coefficient (Kendall's tau) +0.64, P less than 0.002 (one-sided test)) or suberic (+0.61, P less than 0.003) acid. The two dicarboxylic acids are most probably formed from long-chain monocarboxylic acids by omega- and beta-oxidation. It is speculated that succinyl-CoA formed by this pathway may counteract the tendency to ketosis in patients with glycogen storage disease.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1993

[Molecular pathology of hepatic glycogen storage disease].

Recent advances of molecular analyses of hepatic glycogen storage diseases have made some progress in understanding of glycogen metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphatase has been shown to comprise at least five different polypeptides, the catalytic subunit, a regulatory Ca2+ binding protein, three transport proteins (glucose-6-phosphate, phosphate/pyrophosphate, glucose). A defect of these protein could cause type I glycogenosis. Only cDNAs of the regulatory Ca2+ binding protein and glucose transport protein were cloned. In type III glycogenosis, using monospecific antibody, correlation of biochemical defects with myopathy and cardiomyopathy was investigated. In type VI glycogenosis, the cDNA of liver phosphorylase was cloned, which will be useful for delineating the molecular defect involved in the disease and family analysis. In type VIII glycogenosis, phosphorylase kinase deficiency, only subunits of muscle type (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) were cloned and clonings of hepatic type subunits were waited. In the near feature, hepatic glycogen storage disease and glycogen metabolism were reevaluated from the points of molecular defects.

Cloning, Molecular↗