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Results for “Goal setting”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Goal-setting as compensation for fear-of-success.

Stories written in response to an academic achievement cue by junior high girls were scored for imagery that reflected fear of success. Fifty-four percent contained fear-of success themes, less than previously reported for college girls. The subjects subsequently worked in a group setting as they identified mistakes in a set of pictures. Each subject kept tally of her own progress as she proceeded with the task. Fifty-eight subjects were encouraged to set goals as they worked through the pictures and found significantly more mistakes from first picture to last than the 37 subjects who received control instructions. Task response was compared to interpretation of the story cue. The subjects who wrote positive stories and received control instructions for the picture mistake task found significantly more mistakes as they progressed through the task than the subjects who wrote fear-of-success stories. No significant difference in mistake indentification was found when goal-setting instructions were given between those who had written positive stories and those who had written fear-of-success stories. Goal-setting instructions appeared to compensate for the effects of fear-of-success that many girls exhibited.

Achievement↗
PubMed1989

Work-site health promotion: the effects of a goal-setting program on nutrition-related behaviors.

A Goal Attainment Scaling procedure was used to quantify and evaluate change in nutrition-related behaviors of participants in a work-site wellness program. Goal Attainment Scaling is a procedure for quantifying change over time, in five categories varying from "less than expected" success to "more than expected" success. The sample consisted of 60 enlisted military personnel who had indicated, on a screening questionnaire, their desire to improve dietary practices. The subjects were assigned to three groups but remained unaware throughout the study that nutrition was being investigated. The Goal-Setting/Goal Attainment group (GSGA, no. = 19) received a full 8-week health promotion program, based on goal-setting, fitness information, and skill development (12 sessions). The Goal-Setting group (GS, no. = 19) received only the part of the program that focused on setting goals (two sessions). The control group (no. = 22) received no instruction. Results from analysis of variance indicated that GSGA had significantly higher "Change Scores" in nutrition-related behaviors than the control group (p less than .05); "Change Scores" reflect degree of dietary improvement. Frequency data indicate that dietary improvements were sustained for 84% of the GSGA members, 64% of the GS members, and 37% in the control group. These findings suggest goal-setting skills enhance individuals' capabilities for making and maintaining improvements in nutrition-related behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

How is goal setting used in interventions for chronic disease prevention and management in sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Non-communicable diseases are increasingly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, and goal setting is often used to promote healthy self-management behaviours. In this review, we aimed to synthesise literature around how goal setting is used, for application in future interventions in the region. A systematic search was conducted in six databases and results screened for eligibility. Study characteristics, intervention details, goal setting components, feedback from participants and facilitators were extracted. Data were analysed using narrative synthesis and thematic analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality. We included 24 publications describing 18 unique interventions. Included studies were of high to moderate methodological quality. Goal setting intervention components were informed by a variety of frameworks and involved a range of tasks. Interventions were often facilitator-led; many were conducted in group settings. Participants reported goal setting as useful for putting self-management into practice but encountered challenges related to language and literacy levels. Adequate detail on goal setting intervention components was not always present. Through this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the variability of goal setting approaches in chronic disease prevention and management in sub-Saharan Africa and recommend more standardised use and reporting of goal setting intervention components.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of goal-setting and feedback on age differences in secondary memory.

Goal-setting and feedback have been found to improve performance on a variety of tasks. The present study applied this finding to an examination of adult age differences in secondary memory. Elderly and young adults completed a free-recall task in which one subgroup established a performance goal for blocks of trials and received feedback on a trial-by-trial basis. A second, comparison subgroup completed the same task without setting goals or receiving feedback. Results indicated that the use of the motivational technique of goal-setting and feedback increased memory performance of both age groups beyond that obtained under standard recall conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Goal-setting behaviour and coronary heart disease.

In order to test Dunbar's (1943) theory about goal-setting behaviour in cardiovascular subjects, measures of performance and goal levels were taken on 25 coronary subjects, 25 hypertensive subjects and a control group of 25 fracture subjects. Ths hypertensive pattern of goal-setting behaviour appeared not significantly discriminated from that of control subjects, although the data were in the direction predicted by Dunbar, hypertensive subjects being higher for success and for low goals. For coronary subjects, the results were in complete agreement with the tested theory, these subjects showing a significantly higher rate of high goals than control subjects, and recording a higher rate of failure.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing the quality of patient care through performance counseling and written goal setting.

Patient care scores of staff nurses in seven Veterans Administration hospitals who used a performance counseling protocol that required written goal setting, coupled with head nurse modeling and support to achieve goals (experimental), were compared with scores of nurses who continued with usual practice (control). Staff nurses chose their own goals. One goal was to improve patient care and the other was to improve staff nurse professional competence. After six months, experimental group scores were higher on five patient care scales, one significantly. After 12 months, scores shifted in favor of the control group, one significantly. Experimental group scores were higher on patient interview questions after six months and made additional gains after 12 months. Experimental nurses generally were more satisfied with their nursing careers and described working relationships more positively. Some progress the experimental nurses made after six months was lost after 12 months. Nurses who received high patient care scores from outside observers described the hospital working environment in more positive terms. Relationships of three instruments that measure quality of patient care are presented.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Adjustment, depression, and minimal goal setting: the moderating effect of performance feedback.

In this study I tested hypotheses about changes in expectancy and minimal goal statements and the relations of these variables to adjustment. Seventy-seven male college students completed the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank and the Beck Depression Inventory and subsequently received success or failure feedback on tasks for which they provided expectancy and minimal goal statements. Expectancies and minimal goals changed differently, relative to each other, as a function of performance feedback. Modest relations of adjustment and dysphoria with minimal goals were found, but these were moderated by performance feedback: Under failure, poorer adjustment and greater dysphoria were associated with higher minimal goals; under success, poorer adjustment and greater dysphoria were associated with lower minimal goals, contrary to a widely held hypothesis. Moreover, although the effects of adjustment and dysphoria on minimal goal setting were similar in strength and direction, these effects were independent of each other. Thus, adjustment-minimal goal relations must be understood in light of situational parameters and may reflect two processes, only one of which is related to mood.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A mathematical model of speedskating performance improvement for goal setting and program evaluation.

An analysis of world class performance improvement over chronological time was used to develop mathematical curves of performance for each speedskating event. The equations were calculated using an unconstrained non-linear least squares iterative curve-fitting technique. A non-linear model was selected to satisfy the principle of diminishing returns, that is, it is more difficult to achieve a unit of performance improvement as performance approaches the theoretical limits of man. Minimum criteria of acceptance for each curve were: 1) the coefficient of determination must be 0.90; 2) the year 2000 predicted value must be less than the current world record; and 3) the curve must be progressive, i.e. satisfy the principle of diminishing returns. Satisfactory curves were calculated for seven of the eight male and female events studied. A four year Olympic cycle was noted and a definite change in performance trend was identified as occurring in the mid 1960's. The calculated mathematical curves can be used in three applications: 1) setting objective individual goals and evaluating these goals; 2) evaluating and comparing training programs on successive years; and 3) evaluating total programs.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Goal setting and the differential influence of self-regulatory processes on complex decision-making performance.

The effects of goal setting and cognitive self-regulatory processes were examined on a highly complex task, a managerial decision-making simulation. It was hypothesized that the presence vs. absence of a specific performance goal would moderate the strength of relations between performance and 2 self-regulatory processes: self-efficacy judgments and self-evaluative reactions. Ss received either a moderately or extremely difficult task goal, or no specific goal. Self-regulatory processes were assessed after an initial trial block. Regression analyses revealed that, as predicted, both self-regulatory processes more strongly affected performance when Ss received a specific goal. Contrary to earlier findings obtained with simple activities, dissatisfaction with prior outcomes impaired performance. Ss who were dissatisfied with past attainments exerted much decision effort but adopted inferior task strategies that produced poorer results.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Analytical goal setting prior to selection of a method for glycated haemoglobin.

Without a consensus on either a reference method or a single glycated haemoglobin standard, the individual laboratory has to establish and secure its own assay method. Prior to selection of a method for glycated haemoglobin we used an assessment model and defined our clinical goals. Based on clinical goals it was possible to set up goals of analytical quality and evaluate available literature concerning the performance characteristics of different assay methods. We wanted a method that measured HbAlc, without measuring the labile intermediate pre-HbAlc, and that provided separate detection of haemoglobin variants. Low imprecision was required to secure the measured, non-diabetic reference interval, and to minimize random analytical error. We found the isoelectric focusing method the only one able to meet our goals, and a method evaluation was carried out. Clinical goals of analytical quality should always be defined before method selection and implementation. Using this model, we were able to establish a precise isoelectric focusing method that fulfilled our clinical goals by measuring HbAlc with a total coefficient of variation of 2.1% and a non-diabetic reference interval from 5.2% to 6.8% HbAlc.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Improving the compositions of students with learning disabilities using a strategy involving product and process goal setting.

This study was conducted to determine if a planning and writing strategy would improve the essay writing of students with learning disabilities. Four participants were taught a strategy designed to facilitate the setting of product and process goals, generation and organization of notes, continued planning during writing, and evaluation of goal attainment. Training effects were investigated using a multiple probe design across subjects. Strategy instruction had a positive effect on students' essay writing performance and knowledge of the writing process, and effects were maintained over time.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Goal setting and recovery from alcoholism.

Evaluation of alcoholism treatment effectiveness needs to be based on the healthy goals that alcoholics themselves identify as important. This research uses ethnography and grounded-theory methods to develop a model of recovering alcoholics' goal progression. The author spent 28 days in a treatment center, engaging in all patient activities, and observed and interviewed 42 participants to determine what they wanted from treatment. The research indicates that recovering alcoholics' goals develop through four stages. Certain kinds of behavior must be accomplished for an alcoholic to move from one stage to another. Behavior that facilitates and inhibits goal progression is identified.

Alcoholism↗