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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[The hypophyseal TSH reserve in surgical patients with bland goiter and recurrent goiter].

Serum-T4, -T3, FTI, basal TSH and TRH-induced TSH response were measured in 80 patients with simple nontoxic goiter and in 24 patients with nontoxic recurrent goiter in a surgical unit. 55 of the 80 patients with simple goiter and 11 patients with recurrent goiter had normal individual TSH values. Mean FTI and serum T3 were not statistically different from age and sex related normal values, except serum-T3, which was above normal in elderly goiter patients. The incidence of elevated TSH reserve (preclinical hypothyroidism) was significantly higher (p less than 0.0005) in recurrent than in simple goiter (10 of 24 vs. 8 of 80 patients). Simple goiter aptients with preclinical hypothyroidism had a lower-than-normal mean serum T4 level, whereas mean serum T4 and T3 concentrations were higher than normal in preclinically hypothyroid recurrent goiter patients. In these subjects raised TSH values and goitrogenesis possibly may be related to lower sensitivity of the pituitary to thyroid hormones. 17 simple goiter patients and 3 recurrent goiter patients with normal circulating serum T4 and T3 levels showed no response to TSH to TRH. This suprising finding is related to preclinical hyperthyroidism on the basis of autonomously functioning thyroid compartments. In 12 tested patients TRH responsiveness recovered following goiter resection. The mean T3 response to TRH in goiter patients with normal or elevated TSH reserve was subnormal. This indicates that thyroid reserve is potentially decreased even in goiter patients whose thyroid function was, on the evidence of normal TSH values, actually appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Single weekly doses of 1 mg 1-thyroxine for the treatment of mild goiter and for the prevention of recurrence after goiter surgery].

The possibility of using weekly single doses of 1 mg l-thyroxine for treatment of euthyroid goiters and for prophylaxis against recurrence after thyroidectomies was studied in a series of 37 patients. The treatment was continued over a period of about 3 months. Before therapy and during therapy T 4, T 3 und ETR values were determined, and TSH in plasma was assayed under TRH stimulation. 131I-24 hour-uptakes and thyroid weight were followed, together with scintigraphic studies. X-ray films of the trachea were done prior to and after therapy, and eventual side effects of the prescribed therapy were noted. Results show a significant rise in T 4 and ETR values, which however, remained in the normal range. T 3 levels did not change. 131I uptake figures were kept as low as 18 per cent of the given dose and the TSH response to TRH was markedly decreased. Non toxic goiters showed a slight decrease in weight, while thyroid remnants after thyroidectomy did not increase in size. In some patients subjective symptoms improved considerably under the given therapy. 4 of our patients showed transient signs of thyrotoxicosis factitia during the first 1 to 2 days after taking 1 mg of l-thyroxine, so that a modification of the treatment--2X500 mcg/week--might be advisable. The overall effect of this form of treatment is considered as about equivalent to others forms of thyroid hormone therapy.

Goiter↗
PubMed1976

[Secretion of TSH and stimulation-ability of the hypophysis after long-term suppression therapy in euthyroid nodular goiter and residual thyroid gland after subtotal resection of goiter].

In 51 patients, 33 with euthyroid goiter and 18 after subtotal thyroidectomy, plasma concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH before and after stimulation with TRF were determined under long term suppression with thyroid hormone and 1,2, and 4 weeks after stopping it. Even after complete suppression (delta TSH less than 0, 5 muU/ml) resumption of TSH secretion occurred within 4 weeks in all but two. A significantly higher increase of TSH and somewhat lower thyroid-hormone concentrations turned out in operated patients. An excessive decrease of T3 (and T4) concentrations within the 1st (and 2nd) week after therapy, dependent on the degree of previous TSH suppression, could be due to transitory thyrotropic insufficiency.

Goiter, Nodular↗
PubMed1976

[Thyroxine in the treatment of euthyroid goiter and the prevention of goiter recurrence].

Patients with non-toxic goitre, or patients after an operation of non-toxic goitre, were given 75 mug thyroxine daily. The level of TSH decreased significantly only for the non-toxic goitre group. The TSH-TRH-test showed a high percentage of abnormal results, even after several months of treatment. An index for free thyroxine increased a little, but significantly. The neck sizes decreased only in the post-operative group significantly. The final scans showed a high percentage of goitres. 75 mug thyroxine is too small a dosage in these patients and 100 to 150 mug daily seem to be indicated in the above mentioned states.

Goiter↗
PubMed1978

[Radioimmuno-assay of TSH before and after TRH in 350 patients with previous resection of euthyroid goiter (author's transl)].

Radioimmuno-Assay (RIA) of Thyroid-Stimulating-Hormone (TSH) was performed before and after i.v.-injection of Thyrotropin-Releasing-Hormone (TRH) in 350 patients subsequent to previous resection of euthyroid goiter to find out the optimal treatment schedule for preventing recurrent goiter. In patients without recurrent goiter the dosis of thyroid hormone was considered to be sufficient, if the difference in TSH-levels before and after TRH (delta-TSH) was equivalent to or less than 10 microunits/ml. In patients with recurrent goiter the optimal suppressive dosis of thyroid hormone was accepted for a delta-TSH less than or equal to 2,5 microunits/ml. 126 out of 135 patients, who were set on an immediate and continuous postoperative treatment were free of goiter, 58 presented a delta-TSH less than or equal to 10 microunits/ml (average interval of treatment = 2,5 years), 68 patients had elevated delta-TSH (average interval of treatment 2,1 years) as a sign of insufficient treatment. In 9 patients recurrent goiter was detected in spite of "adequate" treatment. 41 out of 57 patients, set on delayed and partly continuous, partly discontinuous treatment had recurrent goiter (in average after 10 years). delta-TSH was not indicative. 158 patients without any treatment had borderline or slightly increased delta-TSH (in average after 10 years). 122 of these 158 patients had recurrent goiter, 36 were free of goiter. The results favor the necessity of treatment with thyroid hormones starting immediately after operation and with continuous treatment. The combined use of TSH-RIA and TRH-test reliably informs about the individual thyroid hormone dosis necessary for prevention or treatment of recurrent goiters.

Goiter↗
PubMed1978

[Indications and procedures in conservative goiter treatment].

A review of the literature shows that thyroid hormone therapy causes 13 to 40% of euthyroid goiters to disappear and brings about a reduction in goiter size in another 30 to 50%. The hormonal treatment is more successful with smaller goiters. Uninodular goiters respond on the average less well than diffuse and multinodular goiters. In Switzerland, about 33% of adult persons have goiters, albeit mostly of small size. This renders impracticable investigation or treatment of all goiters. It is recommended that only goiters which are esthetically disturbing or which cause pressure symptoms be treated. An operation must always be performed when there is suspicion of thyroid cancer or in the presence of threatening pressure symptoms. In all the other cases, thyroid hormone therapy may be tried. If an operation cannot be performed for cardiac or other reasons, radioiodine will relieve pressure symptoms due to goiter in over 65% of cases.

Goiter↗
PubMed1976

Evolution of autonomy in idiopathic non-toxic goiter, evaluated by regional suppressibility of 99mTc-uptake and TSH response to TRH.

Seventeen euthyroid patients with non-toxic goiter were studied, 7 had diffuse goiters and 10 had nodular goiters. The TSH response to TRH and the 99mTc-uptake were measured before and after T3 suppression. The uptake, measured with a gamma camera, was calculated for the whole gland and for a maximum of 6 regions within the thyroid gland. The suppressibility of 99mTc-uptake (percent change of uptake) ranged from 0 to 95%, it was significantly greater in patients with diffuse than in those with nodular goiters, and was alike in nodular and internodular tissue. The patients with diffuse goiter were significantly younger than those with nodular goiter. Abolished TSH response to TRH was seen in 2 patients with negative T3 suppression tests. In another 2 patients impaired TSH response was associated with impaired suppressibility. In 13 patients with normal TRH tests, the suppression of uptake was normal in 8 and subnormal in 5. The results suggest that nodularity and functional autonomy may develop in non-toxic goiters. In some of these goiters the mass of autonomous tissue may be large enough to cause negative TRH tests, probably indicating hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, although not necessarily above the normal range.

Goiter↗
PubMed1978

Afrikander cattle congenital goiter: characteristics of its morphology and iodoprotein pattern.

The morphology and some properties of the complex iodoprotein pattern of the genetically determined congenital goiter in Afrikander cattle is described. The goiter contained irregularly shaped follicles which were devoid of colloid and the follicular epithelial cells were elongated, measuring about 20 micrometer in length compared to 10 micrometer for normal thyroid cells. The goiter cells contained apical clusters of larger and more numerous lysosomes than normal thyroid cells. Apical vesicles containing electron-dense material which were in contact with the plasma membrane could be seen in most normal thyroid cells, but were extremely scarce in the goiter. In 36 cell profiles studied none was found. The endoplasmic reticulum cisternae of the goiter differed significantly from normal thyroid cells. Fewer ribosomes were seen to be attached to the membranes of goiter cells. Furthermore, unlike normal thyroid cells, many free polysomes were seen in goiter cells. The characteristics of the unusual iodoprotein pattern of the goiter extract, resolved by gel chromatography and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that described previously (Endocrinology 91, 470, 1972). A relatively small amount of the total soluble protein was iodinated. Of these, only a 12S sedimenting species was precipitated by antithyroglobulin immunoglobulin. When separated on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol, this 12S species was resolved into at least 14 polypeptide components ranging in molecular weights from less than 66,000--330,000. Three of the bands, representing a small percentage of the total protein, seemed to comigrate with the major polypeptides of thyroglobulin and were also precipitated with rabbit antihyroglobulin immunoglobulin. The data indicate that glycosylation of iodoproteins was not affected although 19S thyroglobulin synthesis and subsequent storage were drastically impaired.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evolution of endemic goiter in the Valea Jiului area after 30 years of iodine prophylaxis.

After 30 years of iodine prophylaxis the incidence of goiter in the Valea Jiului area was reassessed. A number of 7,892 pupils aged 7-16 years were examined, of whom goiter was found in 32%. Before iodine prophylaxis started the incidence was 91.8%. The present survey shows that the small-sized goiters markedly prevail over middle-sized ones, while large-sized goiters became extinct. The diffuse to nodular goiter ratio changed by the disappearance of the nodular forms. The neurologic and psychic complications in goiter-bearing children disappeared. Attempts to correlate taste sensitivity to thiocarbamide with goiter failed. Examination of the digito-palmar dermatoglyphics showed a greater incidence of the higher atd angle, with transition forms of sulcus palmaris.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Thyroid function in term newborn infants with congenital goiter.

Eighty-four term newborn infants without goiter and 45 newborn infants with congenital goiter were studied with regard to thyroid function. The radiologic development of the femoral and tibial epiphyses was evaluated in those with goiter. Fifty-eight percent of the patients had retarded bone age, markedly elevated TSH levels, elevated TBI, decreased total T4I, and decreased PBI values. Forty-two percent of newborn infants with congenital goiter had a normal bone age, normal values for TSH, PBI, and total T4I, and elevated values for TBI. It is concluded that the 58% of the newborn infants with congenital goiter had subtle hypothyroidism. They require substitution therapy with thyroid hormones in order to avoid possible retardation of normal brain development. Patients with congenital goiter who have no biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism should also be treated with thyroid hormones to achieve rapid regression of goiter.

Bone Development↗
PubMed1978

Abnormal cellular localization of thyroglobulin mRNA associated with hereditary congenital goiter and thyroglobulin deficiency.

The goiters in a breed of hypothyroid goats contain only minute amounts of thyroblobulin-related antigens (0.01% of normal value). We have analyzed these goiters for the presence of mRNA coding for thyroglobulin. Using DNA complementary to beef 33S thyroglobulin mRNA as a probe, we found that the mRNA sequence is present in the goat goiter but at a concentration 1/10-1/40 that of normal goat thyroid. Hybrids of cDNA with either goiter or normal thyroid RNA exhibited identical sharp melting curves which suggests that the same RNA sequence is responsible for hybridization in both tissues. Normal goat thyroid contains a population of large membrane-bound polysomes engaged in throglobulin synthesis. In contrast, such polysomes are absent in the goiter. In regard to subcellular distribution, the relative amount of the thyroglobulin mRNA sequences from the goiter in nuclear RNA was 42% of normal, in cytoplasmic RNA was 7% of normal, and in the membrane fraction was only 1-2% of normal. Our results suggest that the lack of thyroglobulin in these goiters is due to a defect in thyroglobulin mRNA which leads to aberrant processing and/or transport of it from its site of synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed2024

Exploring the potential of genetic analysis in historical blood spots for patients with iodine-deficient goiter and thyroid carcinomas in Switzerland and Germany (1929-1989).

Iodine deficiency-induced goiter continues to be a global public health concern, with varying manifestations based on geography, patient's age, and sex. To gain insights into clinical occurrences, a retrospective study analyzed medical records from patients with iodine deficiency-induced goiter or thyroid cancer who underwent surgery at the Community Hospital in Riehen, Switzerland, between 1929 and 1989. Despite today's adequate iodine supplementation, a significant risk for iodine-independent goiter remains in Switzerland, suggesting that genetic factors, among others, might be involved. Thus, a pilot study exploring the feasibility of genetic analysis of blood spots from these medical records was conducted to investigate and enhance the understanding of goiter development, potentially identify genetic variations, and explore the influence of dietary habits and other environmental stimuli on the disease.Blood prints from goiter patients' enlarged organs were collected per decade from medical records. These prints had been made by pressing, drawing, or tracing (i.e., pressed and drawn) the removed organs onto paper sheets. DNA analysis revealed that its yields varied more between the prints than between years. A considerable proportion of the samples exhibited substantial DNA degradation unrelated to sample collection time and DNA mixtures of different contributors. Thus, each goiter imprint must be individually evaluated and cannot be used to predict the success rate of genetic analysis in general. Collecting a large sample or the entire blood ablation for genetic analysis is recommended to mitigate potential insufficient DNA quantities. Researchers should also consider degradation and external biological compounds' impact on the genetic analysis of interest, with the dominant contributor anticipated to originate from the patient's blood.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

[The effectiveness ot thyroid-hormone therapy following goiter-resection].

The effectiveness of a postoperative thyroid-hormone therapy in preventing a goiter-recidiv was investigated two years after goiter-resection. Of 3381 patients with goiter, who were operated on in the years 1964 to 1973 in the Surgical Department of the Krankenhaus Nordwest in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 129 patients who were operated on in the first six months of 1969, were questioned and examined in a follow-up study. A rezidiv-goiter was found in 4, 6 p.c. of patients. If only palpable recidiv-goiters are taken into consideration 2, 3 p.c.), patients without postoperative thyroid-hormone therapy developed a recidiv goiter twice as often as patients with thyroid-hormone therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Electron microscopic and morphometric study of the cellular composition of several forms of goiter in man].

According to the ultrastructural patterns four varieties of follicular cells are recognized in the cell population of the human goiter. The parenchyma of different goiters is composed of the same cell types and varieties. Goiters differ in percentages of these cells. The ultrastructure of the main cell form is correlated with the functional activity of the goiter. The "map" of cell composition of some forms of goiter is given, which may be used for a more exact diagnosis of the goiter, especially in the cases of discrepancy between the light microscopical morphological data and clinical picture of the desease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Regression of endemic goiter in South Baden (author's transl)].

The incidence of goiter and its dependence on the size of the locality are examined in a cross-section of 3.933 people living in South Baden (2.202 natives, 1.731 immigrants) and the results compared with our findings in 1963 obtained under the same conditions. In 1973 only 24.3% of the native population examined had a euthyroid goiter compared with 47.0% in 1963. The incidence of goiter has also decreased by about half among the immigrant population. In 1973 9.4% more people with goiter could be found among the native population than among the immigrants. In the larger towns, the frequency of goiter among the native population fell between 1963 and 1973 from about 40% to less than 20% and in country areas from about 60% to 40%. The total frequency of goiter cases among the immigrant population in country areas fell from about 40% to 30% and in the immigrants to towns from 20% to 10%.

Disease Reservoirs↗