PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Graft Enhancement, Immunologic”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Attempted enhancement in patients undergoing renal allotransplantation: lack of long-term sensitization.

It seems timely and pertinent to review the long-term follow-up of four patients who were deliberately exposed before transplant to donor antigens in an "enhancement" protocol. Not only were there no adverse effects observed, but three of the four patients never had an identifiable rejection episode. One of the successful allograft recipients had cytotoxic antibodies to his donor's cells. These appear to have been cold, T- and B-cell-reactive antibodies of doubtful significance. Both long-term surviving recipients showed weakness in degree of mitogenesis in mixed culture of donor and recipient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which does not appear to be related to a macrophage defect but may be related to a lack of active rosette-forming T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cyclosporin A initially as the only immunosuppressant in 34 recipients of cadaveric organs: 32 kidneys, 2 pancreases, and 2 livers.

34 patients treated with cyclosporin A received 36 cadaveric organ allografts (32 kidneys, 2 pancreases, and 2 livers), 26 kidneys are still supporting life, 3 after more than a year; the pancreases and livers are also functioning. 20 patients are not receiving steroids, and 15 of these have not had any additional immunosuppressive agents. In these patients infectious complications have not been severe, but a gastroduodenal lymphoma has developed in 1 patient. 6 patients were given 'Cytimum' (a cyclophosphamide derivative) and steroids in addition to cyclosporin A: 5 of these died of infections and 1 also had a lymphoma. 11 patients received additional steroids: 1 of these died from septicaemia and lymphoma. Nephrotoxicity can be avoided by perioperative hydration and forced diuresis. Cyclosporin A is effective on its own and is a very potent immunosuppressive drug. Additional immunosuppressive agents may lead to severe complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Use of cyclophosphamide and enhancing serum to suppress renal allograft rejection in the rat.

Cyclophosphamide was tested for its interaction with passive enhancement in suppressing the rejection of kidney allografts in the (DA x Lewis)F1 to Lewis rat strain. Dose response studies with cyclophosphamide showed that 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days was necessary for complete suppression of rejection and indefinite graft survival. Doses of 5 and 3.5 mg/kg/day had only a marginal effect on graft function and survival, although the lymphocytotoxin response to the graft was completely or very substantially suppressed by these smaller doses. The use of passive enhancement with cyclophosphamide at the 5- and 3.5-mg/kg/day doses resulted in a favourable interaction with improved graft function and survival. Interestingly, passive enhancement in combination with 5 mg/kg/day of cyclophosphamide resulted in indefinite graft survival only if cyclophosphamide was given for 28 days. If cyclophosphamide was given for 14 days, rejection was suppressed only during the period of cyclophosphamide treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Transplantation of organ cultured rat parathyroids.

The hypothesis that tissue culture alters the immunogenicity of grafts by removal or inactivation of passenger leucocytes has been investigated in an inbred rat parathyroid allograft model. DA rat (Ag-B4) parathyroid glands cultured for up to three weeks in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) alone, or MEM with added donor-specific antilymphocyte serum, did not survive longer than fresh glands when allografted into Lewis rat (Ag-B1) recipients. Subsequent in vitro comparisons of three different culture media established that RPMI 1640 was superior to MEM and Medium 199 for rat parathyroids. However, further series of transplants after culture in RPMI 1640 alone also failed to produce prolongation of allograft survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. A report of 9 cases.

9 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) were treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). 5 were conditioned with cyclophosphamide and received and HLA-identical graft (4 patients) or a mismatched graft (1 patient): 1 rejected the graft on day 30 and died on day 34 during conditioning for a second transplant; 1 died on day 15 with acute and severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) in the absence of haemopoietic engraftment; 3 are alive and complete chimeras at 1,069, 490 and 332 days after transplantation. GvHD developed in 4 patients and was treated successfully in 3 with high dose methylprednisolone and/or antilymphocytic globulin (ALG). 4 patients were conditioned with ALG and received bone marrow from a haploidentical sibling or parent: 1 patient was refractory; 3 patients showed evidence of hematologic reconstitution, but 2 of these required a second course of ALG. 3 patients in this group are alive between 60 and 490 days; 1 patient died on day 121 of HBSAg-negative acute hepatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin on the immune response of BALB/c mice to a tumor allograft.

The effect of dosage and route of inoculation of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) on immune response to allogeneic tumor cells was investigated. BALB/c mice were tested 14 and 21 days after injection of EL-4 lymphoma for spleen-cell cytotoxicity against EL-4 cells in vitro and for complement-dependent, antibody-mediated lysis of tumor cells. BCG treatment had no measurable effect on the antibody-mediated lysis of tumor cells, but spleen-cell cytotoxicity was significantly increased in mice treated with 10(4) or 10(8) BCG by the intraperitoneal route; no such increase occurred when BCG was given by the oral or subcutaneous routes. The cytotoxic effector cells were primarily thymus-derived, since treatment of spleens with rabbit antiserum to mouse brain serum decreased cytotoxicity titers by approximately 90%. Within the framework of these experiments, the intraperitoneal route of BCG inoculation resulted in a more effective immune stimulation than the oral or subcutaneous routes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immune responses to organ allografts. II. Decreased B cell responses to cardiac allografts in rats pretreated with enhancing, suppressor cell, or T lymphocyte depletion protocols.

Primarily vascularized LBN cardiac allografts transplanted to LEW rats are rejected 6 to 8 days after transplantation. Immunoperoxidase stains for cells producing immunoglobulin (Ig) demonstrate a proliferation of Ig-containing immunoblasts in the splenic red pulp (RP) and peripheral periarterial sheath (PAS) within 2 days after transplantation. These immunoblasts differentiate into plasma cells that triple the RP volume by the time of rejection. By 14 days, the plasma cells are replaced by mitotically active large and small lymphocytes with no demonstrable cytoplasmic Ig. Splenic Ig production is followed by a venous vasculitis in the graft and by the appearance of circulating cytotoxic antibodies 5 days after grafting. Three biological methods of prolonging cardiac graft survival were found to derange this sequence of immunological reactions at different stages. Enhancement by antigen and antibody pretreatment of the recipient elicited a premature production of Ig that subsided and was not reinitiated by cardiac transplantation. Transfer of suppression with thymocytes from enhanced cardiac recipients temporarily inhibited differentiation of splenic B cells into immunoblasts and plasma cells. T cell depletion by thymectomy, irradiation, and bone marrow reconstitution also decreased the plasma cell response, possibly by removing helper cells required to switch IgM production to IgG. These studies reemphasize the importance of Ig production in the complex interaction of immune reactions leading to acute rejection of organ transplants.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Thoracic duct drainage before and after cadaveric kidney transplantation.

Twenty-seven consecutive recipients of cadaveric kidneys, including five with pre-existing warm cytotoxic antibodies, were treated with thoracic duct drainage before and after transplantation. Fourteen patients who had lymph drainage for 26 to 58 days before transplantation had minor cytotoxic antibody responses after grafting, even if the antibodies had been present before therapy. Only one of the 14 recipients had any rejection during the follow-up periods of one to six months. There were two deaths. The 13 patients pretreated for 17 to 23 days exhibited stronger cytotoxic antibody responsiveness, and five of these recipients had significant rejections of which four were reversible. One of the latter 13 patients died. These clinical and immunologic studies have established the value and have defined the appropriate timing of preoperative thoracic duct drainage in kidney transplantation. They have also directed attention to the rationale andthe probable value of using other immunosuppressive methods for preparatory host conditioning instead of beginning such therapy at the time of transplantation.

Adolescent↗