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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1990

Retention and utilization of thiamin by gravid and non gravid rats with varying dietary thiamin supply.

The intention of this paper was to examine a retention of thiamin by gravid and non gravid rats and to test also whether there is an anabolism of the gravids. For this purpose a trial with 176 rats was designed in a two-factorial model (2x11x8) with the factors gravid versus non gravid and 11 different dietary thiamin concentrations of 0/0 (gravid/non gravid), 0.8/1, 1.7/2, 3.3/4, 6.7/8, 13.3/16, 20.0/24, 26.7/32, 100/120, 1000/1200, 10,000/12,00o mg thiamin per kg diet. The daily thiamin intake of the gravids and non gravids was the same. The experiment lasted until the 20th day of gestation. Liver, brain and musculus quadriceps, the reproductive organs and also the whole carcass were examined for their thiamin contents. At the beginning of the experiment 12 animals were sacrificed to get their starting contents. Liver thiamin retention was significantly influenced by the dietary supply, also by gestation and by the interaction of both factors. For the gravids, a mean daily anabolism of 1.5 micrograms occurred in the liver. In brain a negative retention of 4-8% occurred during the experiment, which was significantly less in the gravids. In muscle dietary supply was of significant influence, gestation, however, decreased muscle retention in gravids. In whole carcass the gravids retained 81 micrograms and the non gravids 61 micrograms (P less than 0.05). Anabolism occurred from 3.3 mg dietary thiamin per kg (46 micrograms daily intake) and plateaued at about 30 mg or 1.5 micrograms daily until 100 ppm dietary thiamin. Thiamin utilization remains below 10% in all groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed1983

Characterization and comparison of the contractile proteins from human gravid and non-gravid myometrium.

Electrophoretic systems were used to quantify and characterize the main proteins involved in myometrium contraction, i.e., myosin, actin, and tropomyosin. Skeletin, a cytoskeletal component was also investigated. No difference in their respective concentrations could be found in 13 uteri representing various menstrual cycle stages, postmenopausal conditions, and different gestational ages. The great variability of their tissular level observed in each of the uteri does, however, reflect the heterogeneity of the muscular component of the uterine wall. Comparison of the different forms of actin in gravid and non-gravid uteri showed an increase of the gamma-form in gravid uteri. However, myosins purified from gravid and non-gravid uteri were shown to have identical ATPase activity and peptide patterns following limited chymotryptic proteolysis.

Actins↗

PubMed1997

Histological differences between gravid and non-gravid uteri in the dasyurid marsupial, Sminthopsis macroura (Spencer).

Uterine samples from pregnant Sminthopsis macroura representing the first 10 days of its 11 day gestation period and samples from non-pregnant animals were compared histologically and examined for differences in the following characteristics: thickness of the endometrial stroma, luminal epithelium, myometrium and glandular epithelium, and the density of stromal glands and number of lymphocytes at the endometrial basal lamina. A highly significant difference between gravid and non-gravid uteri with respect to thickness of the endometrial epithelium was found on day 3, when lineage divergence occurs between the pluriblast and trophoblast. The endometrial stroma was significantly thicker in pregnant animals on day 8, when the epiblast differentiates into ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Other differences between gravid and non-gravid uteri were detected in myometrial thickness on days 1 and 5. Taken together, these results indicate that despite similar endocrinological profiles of pregnant and non-pregnant marsupials, there are subtle, but significant, differences in uterine histology. The observed concordance between histological differences and differentiative events in embryogenesis is considered is indicative of embryo-maternal signalling.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1994

Creatine kinase function in mitochondria isolated from gravid and non-gravid guinea-pig uteri.

Mitochondria from gravid and non-gravid guinea pig uteri were isolated and respiratory rates examined to determine the responses to ATP, ADP and creatine. It was found that mitochondria isolated from gravid uterus had (i) a markedly higher respiration rate in state 3; (ii) a greater activation of respiration by creatine in the presence of 0.1 mM ATP and (iii) an elevated specific activity of mitochondrial creatine kinase. It was shown by a competitive enzyme method, using pyruvate kinase to trap ADP, that despite the presence of creatine kinase in the mitochondria, there is no functional coupling between mitochondrial creatine kinase and oxidative phosphorylation as has been shown for striated muscle. It is suggested that the function of uterine Mi-CK is to favour high energy phosphate turnover in conditions of increased metabolic demand in gestating uterine smooth muscle.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Interaction between oxytocin and 'sidaverin' on the gravid and non-gravid rat uterus.

Sidaverin, a crystalline compound extracted from a polar fraction of Sida veronicaefolia (Lam), elicited oxytocin-like contractions in the non-gravid rat isolated uterus preparation with a concentration-response relationship. Equipotent concentrations of oxytocin and sidaverin, using matched responses, were approximately 0.16 U and 0.4 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Sidaverin-induced contractile response was atropine reversible. The concentration-response curves for sidaverin and oxytocin were parallel, and both responses were inhibited by the specific oxytocin antagonist, Atosiban, indicating possible involvement of oxytocin receptors in the action of sidaverin. There were potentiation of action of one drug to that of the other, irrespective of the order of administration and even after washing off the first before introducing the second drug. In the gravid uterus, sidaverin produced contractions in preparations from day 1 to day 6 or 7, caused relaxation in days 7-11, and elicited contractions in day 11 through term, the sensitivity of the preparations increasing exponentially toward term with strong sustained contractions. With the exception of days 7-11, when sidaverin antagonized oxytocin action, it potentiated action of oxytocin on the gravid uterus.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed2000

Effect of papaya latex extract on gravid and non-gravid rat uterine preparations in vitro.

In search of uterotonic principles, papaya (Carica papaya, Caricaceae) latex extract (PLE) was tested on rat uterine preparations in vitro at various stages of the estrous cycle and gestation periods. Rat uterine contractile activity was remarkably increased by different doses of PLE in proestrus and estrus stages compared to metestrus and diestrus stages of the estrous cycles. The maximum contractile activity of the uterus was observed at the later stages of pregnancy which correspond with the peak level of estrogen in the plasma. A direct dose-dependent spasmodic action with increased frequency and amplitude was observed with PLE in all non-gravid uterine preparations. Pretreatment of the tissue with phenoxybenzamine (PB) non-competitively blocked the effect of PLE. Blocking of the 5-HT receptors with methysergide partially blocked the excitatory response to PLE. Pretreating the tissue with Indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, had no effect on the response to PLE. The release of PLE induced mast cell degranulation and subsequent release of heparin, biogenic amines or prostaglandins (PGs) was ruled out by pretreating the tissue with sodium cromoglycate, a mast cell stabilizer. Pure papain induced uterine contractions were not sustained for a longer period and at higher concentrations the receptor proteins were affected by the enzymatic action of papain. From this study it is evident that the crude papaya latex contain a uterotonic principle which might be a combination of enzymes, alkaloids and other substances which can evoke sustained contraction of the uterus acting mainly on the alpha adrenergic receptor population of the uterus at different stages.

Animals↗

PubMed1957