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14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Triterpenoid sapogenins in the genus Grindelia].

A saponin fraction has been isolated from the ethanolic extract of Grindeliae herba. The saponin fraction showed strong haemolytic activity. The saponins were detected after separation on TLC by their color reactions and Rf values as well as by their haemolytic activity on blood agar. After hydrolysis, the chemical reactions and Rf values of the sapogenins were described. The main sapogenin was isolated by preparative chromatography and its structure was elucidated by mass, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR, and UV spectra. The compound is a new natural triterpenoid sapogenin lactone and is named grindeliasapogenin D. Spectral evidence is presented to establish its structure as 2 beta,3 beta,16 alpha,23-tetrahydroxyoleanan-28,13 beta-olide. Two further sapogenins present in small amounts were identified chromatographically as oleanolic acid and bayogenin using authentic reference substances. The aerial parts of Grindelia robusta Nutt, and G. lanceolata Nutt. (Asteraceae) (as well as two commercial extracts) were also investigated with respect to their saponin fraction. The 3 sapogenins mentioned above were detected in all samples. The antibiotic potency of the crude drug is not associated with the saponin fraction but is at least partially due to the resin fraction.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2005

Manoyl oxide diterpenoids from Grindelia scorzonerifolia.

Two new norditerpenoids, 4beta-hydroxy-19-normanoyl oxide (1) and 4alpha-hydroxy-18-normanoyl oxide (2), the new 18-O-alpha-l-arabinopyranosylmanoyl oxide (3a), and the known diterpenoids jhanol (4) and 18-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide (5) were isolated, together with other common plant constituents from an Argentine collection of Grindelia scorzonerifolia. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical transformations. Structural features of compounds 2 and 4 were verified by X-ray crystallographic analyses. The insecticidal effect of compound 3a was evaluated against the polyphagous pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Pupal and adult malformations leading to death occurred when 3a was incorporated in a larval diet at a concentration of 100 ppm.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Manoyl oxide alpha-arabinopyranoside and grindelic acid diterpenoids from Grindelia integrifolia.

Two new manoyl oxide-alpha-arabinopyranoside diterpenoids, 15-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (tarapacol-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (1) and 15-acetoxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (tarapacol-15-acetate-14-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 19-hydroxygrindelic acid (3), together with five known diterpenoids (tarapacol, tarapacanol A, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 3beta-hydroxygrindelic acid, 4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia integrifolia. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral data analysis.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed2000

Diterpenoid acids from Grindelia nana.

Two new norditerpenoid acids of the labdane-type (norgrindelic acids), 4,5-dehydro-6-oxo-18-norgrindelic acid (1) and 4beta-hydroxy-6-oxo-19-norgrindelic acid (2), as well as a new grindelic acid derivative, 18-hydroxy-6-oxogrindelic acid (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Grindelia nana. In addition, the known compounds, 6-oxogrindelic acid, grindelic acid, methyl grindeloate, 7alpha,8alpha-epoxygrindelic acid, and 4alpha-carboxygrindelic acid were also isolated. The structures of the new compounds were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

Asteraceae↗
PubMed2005

Successful treatment of poison oak dermatitis treated with Grindelia spp. (Gumweed).

Poison oak and related hypersensitivity dermatitides are age-old problems that have historically been treated with herbal medicines before the availability of corticosteroids. Few of these historical therapies have been rigorously investigated. The case presented here provides some insight into the potential efficacy of certain herbs for relieving mild-to-moderate poison ivy dermatitis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1998

Maxillary palps can mediate taste rejection of plant allelochemicals by caterpillars.

All caterpillars possess a pair of maxillary palps that "drum" the surface of foods during feeding. These chemosensory organs contain over 65% of a caterpillar's taste receptor cells, but their functional significance remains largely unknown. We examined their role in rejection of plant allelochemicals, using the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) as a model insect and an extract from a plant species (Grindelia glutinosa) as a model stimulus. We selected this system because hornworms reject foods containing Grindelia extract, and because preliminary studies indicated that their maxillary palps respond to this extract. We hypothesized that Grindelia extract elicits rejection through stimulating: (1) olfactory receptor cells, (2) taste receptor cells, (3) oral mechanoreceptors, and/or (4) a postingestive response mechanism. Our results were consistent only with hypothesis 2: caterpillars approached Grindelia-treated diets without apparent hesitation, but rejected it within 6 s of initiating biting; Grindelia-treated solutions stimulated taste receptor cells in the maxillary palp, but not the other gustatory chemosensilla; and ablating the maxillary palps eliminated rejection of Grindelia-treated diets. Our results demonstrate that taste receptor cells in the maxillary palps mediate rejection of Grindelia extract, and provide the first direct evidence for the role of maxillary palps in rejection of plant allelochemicals.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2002

Contribution of different taste cells and signaling pathways to the discrimination of "bitter" taste stimuli by an insect.

Animals can discriminate among many different types of foods. This discrimination process involves multiple sensory systems, but the sense of taste is known to play a central role. We asked how the taste system contributes to the discrimination of different "bitter" taste stimuli in Manduca sexta caterpillars. This insect has approximately eight bilateral pairs of taste cells that respond selectively to bitter taste stimuli. Each bilateral pair of bitter-sensitive taste cells has a different molecular receptive range (MRR); some of these taste cells also contain two signaling pathways with distinctive MRRs and temporal patterns of spiking. To test for discrimination, we habituated the caterpillar's taste-mediated aversive response to one bitter taste stimulus (salicin) and then asked whether this habituation phenomenon generalized to four other bitter taste stimuli (caffeine, aristolochic acid, Grindelia extract, and Canna extract). We inferred that the two compounds were discriminable if the habituation phenomenon failed to generalize (e.g., from salicin to aristolochic acid). We found that M. sexta could discriminate between salicin and those bitter taste stimuli that activate (1) different populations of bitter-sensitive taste cells (Grindelia extract and Canna extract) or (2) different signaling pathways within the same bitter-sensitive taste cell (aristolochic acid). M. sexta could not discriminate between salicin and a bitter taste stimulus that activates the same signaling pathway within the same bitter-sensitive taste cell (caffeine). We propose that the heterogeneous population of bitter-sensitive taste cells and signaling pathways within this insect facilitates the discrimination of bitter taste stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neocodion misuse: evolution between 1992 and 2002].

Neocodion, a codeine antitussive preparation (codeine camphosulfonate + Grindelia + sulfogaiacol) is known to be misused by opiate addicts. This study aimed to examine the evolution in Neocodion use between 1992 and 2002. Since 1992, three surveys (1992, 1997 and 2002) investigating Neocodion misuse were performed via several community networks of pharmacists. During the same time, data on Neocodion use were extracted from the French drug-dependence monitoring programme (OPPIDUM [Observation des Produits Psychotropes Illicites ou Détournés de leur Utilisation Médicamenteuse]). A marked and continuous decrease in Neocodion consumption was observed. The number of requests for Neocodion per pharmacy and per week largely decreased from 9.9 to 2.1 between 1992 and 2002. OPPIDUM data also showed a reduction in the rate of Neocodion consumption (from 8% in 1992 to 0.4% in 2002). Patients were older (30.4 years in 1992 and 33.7 years in 2002) and their socioeconomic conditions were better. Eighty-six percent of the subjects studied were poly-drug consumers. In fact, Neocodion was less sought after for opiate maintenance than for its psychoactive effects. Despite the reduction in the consumption of Neocodion, the changes observed in the consumption patterns for this medication suggest that vigilance is still required.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Proteolytic activity in some Patagonian plants from Argentina.

Six Patagonian plants were screened for proteolytic activity: Colliguaja integerrima, Euphorbia collina, E. peplus and Stillingia patagonica (Euphorbiaceae), Philibertia gilliesii (Asclepiadaceae) and Grindelia chiloensis (Asteraceae). P. gilliesii extracts showed the highest specific activity, followed by S. patagonica and E. collina. Proteolytic activity was unnoticeable in the other three species studied. Inhibition assays revealed that P. gilliesii and S. patagonica extracts contain cysteine-type peptidases and that in E. collina serine-type peptidases are present.

Apocynaceae↗