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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Placement practices in specialized foster homes and small group homes for persons with mental retardation.

Resident functional and personal characteristics (e.g., gender, race, age, and level of mental retardation), placement histories, and projected placements of a nationally representative sample of 336 persons with mental retardation living in a total of 181 small, specialized foster care homes and group homes with 6 or fewer residents were compared. In addition, the extent to which resident characteristics differentiate between persons placed in specialized foster care homes or small group homes was assessed. Results indicate that there are some differences in resident characteristics across facility type, including communication and toileting skills, age, and mobility. Overall, results showed that small foster and group homes successfully serve a variety of people and that placement generally lasts for several years.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic use of "prizing" and its effect on self-concept of elderly clients in nursing homes and group homes.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of nurse high prizing and nurse low prizing during group therapy in changing the self-concept of institutionalized aged persons. The hypothesis tested was that institutionalized aged clients participating in group therapy who receive nurse high prizing will show an increase in self-concept as measured by the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) when compared with those aged clients in the same settings participating in group therapy who receive nurse low prizing or those aged clients constituting the matched control groups. The study used an existing data source generated from the research of Williams and Lindell to conduct a secondary analysis of a variable not previously investigated. Mean difference scores from the posttest total self-concept score and subscales of the TSCS were analyzed in conjunction with the levels of prizing within the experimental and control groups. Using the Scale for Rating Prizing, two nurse raters judged the degree of prizing on 40 randomly extracted video segments. The findings indicated that 47.1% of those subjects who received low prizing decreased in self-concept; 68.4% of those who received high prizing increased in self-concept. No change in self-concept was noted in the control group. Findings were significant at the .0001 level. Investigating the effect of nurse high and low levels of prizing on client self-concept completes the Rogerian trilogy of therapist-offered conditions with this same sample of subjects. Extension of previous studies adds to the ever-growing body of nursing knowledge and increases the certitude, casualty, and generalizability of such investigations.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

An analysis of treatment services provided in group homes for adults labeled mentally ill.

Although group homes for adults labeled mentally ill have been the focus of significant attention in deinstitutionalization discussions, substantive research on their operation has been lacking. The present study addresses past limitations by focusing on a well-defined sample of small group homes, with higher staffing levels and in-home treatment provided. Thirty homes were randomly selected; all home residents (N = 253) were studied. Data were collected from case managers, residents, and home staff to assess residents' functioning, services and treatments provided, and the environment of the home. The findings were examined in terms of adequacy and appropriateness of care provided in the home, using accepted guidelines. The results indicated that there are aspects of a homelike environment, emotional support from staff, and skill-development activities within the home. However, an institutional focus still seems prevalent, along with limited rehabilitation and socialization activities. Residents expressed high levels of satisfaction, which may reflect their dislike of the group home alternative, e.g., the state hospital. Policy implications are discussed vis-a-vis current efforts to move away from group homes toward supported housing initiatives.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

A nutrition survey of and recommendations for individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome who live in group homes.

The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric data and identify diet-related problems of individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) who reside in group homes. A group home is a licensed foster care facility that provides 24-hour care for the developmentally disabled. Questionnaires were sent to dietitians (or the person responsible for nutrition care) of 25 group homes; responses from 18 homes were analyzed. The mean age of residents with PWS was 25 +/- 8.4 years and the mean height was 152.4 +/- 9.7 cm. The mean weight for 19- to 22-year-old men was 75.5 +/- 26.8 kg and that for women of the same age was 74.5 +/- 20 kg. The residents consumed a mean of 1,000 to 1,500 kcal/day. Most of the group homes (n = 16) locked their kitchens at night, and in 12 of the homes stealing and hoarding of food occurred. Pica behavior (eating of nonfoods) was reported in 7 homes. One third of all residents had success in weight loss and were on a maintenance diet, but a major problem was determination of a desirable weight goal. Our key recommendations for dietitians are weigh residents weekly; use the body mass index with prescribed zones for determination of weight goals; monitor change in circumference measurements; follow the guidelines of 7 to 8 kcal/cm of height for weight loss and 10 to 14 kcal/cm of height for weight maintenance; administer 1,000 kcal/day or more and encourage daily aerobic exercise; respect food preferences while adhering to dietary prescriptions; adhere to strict food control procedures; and use nutrition education methods and an interdisciplinary approach for behavior modification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of environmental support in group homes for persons with mental retardation.

Types of environmental support provided to adults with mental retardation in group homes after transfer from a large state institution were compared. Substantial differences in the functioning of the group homes were found even though the service structure was held constant. Community adjustment was compared for matched groups of residents of the group homes. Differences in community adjustment occurred for residents in group homes with significantly different functional features. The findings indicate that resident outcome was generated by the interaction of several factors in combination. Both structural and functional features of facilities must be considered in any evaluation of the effectiveness of community programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ongoing consultation as a method of improving performance of staff members in a group home.

A model of ongoing consultation was implemented in a community group home for 8 adults with severe and profound mental retardation. Two consultants, highly experienced in working with people with mental retardation and in the procedures used in group homes, taught staff members to use a token reinforcement system, to engage the adults in a variety of activities, and to improve the content and style of the staff members' interactions with the adults. The consultants taught skills to 9 staff members through brief mini-workshops, direct observation of the staff members' use of the skills during regular activities in the group home, and individual verbal feedback regarding a staff member's performance of the skills. Evaluation of the ongoing consultation process by the 2 consultants showed it to be effective in improving the performance of the staff members and in changing the behaviors of the adults who lived in the home. Continued implementation of the process, however, appeared to be necessary for the behavior changes of staff members to be maintained at high levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Affiliation and friendship of mentally retarded residents in group homes.

The social behavior of 208 mentally retarded residents in 18 group homes was observed and analyzed in terms of their (a) informal grouping behavior, (b) affiliation, and (c) intense social relationships ("friendships"). Moderately to mildly retarded residents engaged in "social" types of behavior in groups (primarily dyads) and "neutral" types of behavior when alone. In contrast, profoundly retarded residents did not behave differently when others were present, although they did display social types of behavior. Residents' affiliative behavior was not as related to personal characteristics (sex and intelligence) as it was to (a) size of the group home, (b) average intelligence of the residents in the home, (c) sex ratio in the home, and (d) homogeneity of the residents' backgrounds. Although residents in large homes affiliated more extensively with others, intense relationships were as likely in large as in small homes. Sixteen intense friendships were identified and described. In total, the results support the view that the group home environment can influence residents' affiliation and friendship.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Group homes in North Carolina for children and adults with autism.

Autistic people not living with their families live in 11 group homes throughout North Carolina. These homes, funded by both state and federal sources, are affiliated with TEACCH, the state agency for the identification and treatment of autism. This article looks at several aspects of group homes including cost effectiveness, staff selection and training, level of structure and programming, composition of the client group, adherence to a central philosophy, and the role of administration. Evidence suggests that group homes are a viable and cost-effective residential option for autistic people. While more group homes are needed, development of other residential options is encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Follow-up of mentally retarded adults successfully and unsuccessfully placed in community group homes.

State hospital staff members compared 72 retarded adult patients who had been successfully placed in group homes in the community with 13 patients who had been placed but rehospitalized. No significant differences were found between the groups on the four variables of sex, age at the time of the study, age at first admission to the hospital, and time spent in the hospital. A comparison of preplacement problems listed in the patients' hospital records with the reasons for rehospitalization of the unsuccessfully placed group suggests that both hospital staff and group home parents find aggressive behaviors a problem, but that group home parents are more concerned than hospital staff with deficiencies in self-care.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Transfer of staff training from workshops to group homes: a failure to generalize across settings.

Two experiments were conducted to assess acquisition and generalization of skills acquired in a workshop by trainees who were primary caregivers on the staffs of group homes for developmentally disabled clients. In Study 1, 31 staff trainees received an intensive, 1-week workshop in behavioral theory and treatment techniques. When assessed at the workshop site, these staff trainees showed increased treatment skills, relative to 18 staff trainees who did not participate in the workshop. In Study 2, pre- and postworkshop observations were taken on 53 developmentally disabled clients in group homes where the staff trainees worked. These observations provided no evidence that the workshop had any effect on group home client functioning. Future training programs for caregivers may be more successful if they occur in the group home, involve clients in the home, and enlist the support of supervisory staff, rather than focusing only on primary caregivers.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Frequency and type of incidents occurring in urban-based group homes.

A total of 770 persons with mental retardation were evaluated to determine the frequency and types of incidents occurring in urban-based group homes. All persons resided in group homes located in a large city. Over an 18-month period, a total of 3075 incidents in 14 categories, were documented. Two categories, behavioural incidents and medication errors, comprised 61% of all incidents recorded. Further, a small number of clients accounted for a disproportionately high number of behavioural incidents. Results point to the need to apportion resources based on frequency and types of incidents occurring in group homes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Linking the group home and the community school.

A group home lacking an on-grounds school set up a system of progress reports from teachers in a community school, and then integrated the reports into the home program. The benefits were considerable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Introducing a state-wide system of quality assurance in community group homes.

OBJECTIVE This paper documents the method and outcome of a project to introduce, throughout NSW, qualitative reviews of community group homes for people with disabilities. METHOD Set up demonstrations/training quality assurance reviews of group homes across the state to demonstrate the strengths and potential benefits of implementing such a scheme. Ensure key people participate in this marketing exercise. RESULTS Data suggest that the quality review demonstrations were well received, with 5 of the 7 regions introducing similar systems still in operation on a 2-year follow-up.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of staff training in group homes for retarded persons.

Staff in 12 group homes for mentally retarded persons were randomly assigned to either an experimental condition (N = 6), receiving eight 1.5-hour training sessions in behavior modification, or a waiting-list control condition (N = 6). Pre- to posttraining change scores showed that, compared to control home staff, experimental home staff increased significantly more in knowledge of behavioral techniques, had better evaluations of their residents, and indicated less decline in job satisfaction. Naturalistic observational data, collected with continuous real-time recording devices, showed trained staff superior in correctness and latency of their responses to residents. Trained homes also had significantly greater increases in the frequency and duration of positive staff and resident behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Role expectations and behaviors in a group home program.

Patients and staff participating in a group home program operated by the Veterans Administration Hospital in Topeka, Kansas, were interviewed to determine their perceptions of what constitutes acceptable behavior and how the groups functioned. The interviews indicated that the behaviors accepted by group members--their own norms--differed markedly from the norms set by staff. The only behavior highly valued by both staff and group members was helping with household tasks. Staff placed great emphasis on personal hygiene and on participation in a daily work activity and a weekly group social activity, while group members placed emphasis on controlling open expressions of hostility.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Group home program.

The success in this program was defined in terms of staying out of the hospital or in not regressing to a more intensive level of care requirement. By these criteria, we have been successful. Nine chronic patients have lived in the group home. Of these nine, two have become totally independent, five live in the group home, one went to a family care home, and one to a nursing home due to physical disease. Not one of the group is in a psychiatric institution, and only one had a setback. Presently, plans to expand this program with the assistance of a community group are being formulated.

Chronic Disease↗