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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effects of activity-elicited humor and group structure on group cohesion and affective responses.

The ability to analyze the therapeutic components of an activity is an important skill for occupational therapists. This study examined two potentially significant factors in activity analysis: the use of humor and the effect of group structure. Four groups (two with a parallel structure and two with a project structure) participated in a hat-making activity designed to elicit humor. Four groups (two with a parallel structure and two with a project structure) participated in a bookmark-making activity. The 28 female subjects' affective responses were measured by Osgood's short-form semantic differential, and the cohesion among group members was assessed by the Group Environment Scale. Results indicated that subjects who participated in groups which included humor rated their activity significantly higher on two factors of affective meaning (evaluation and action) and significantly higher in terms of cohesion. There was a significant interaction between the two activities and group structure in terms of the action factor and cohesion. In both cases the parallel groups making bookmarks received particularly low scores. The findings have implications for conceptualizing occupational therapy group activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Phylogenetic continuum indicates "galaxies" in the protein universe: preliminary results on the natural group structures of proteins.

The markedly nonuniform, even systematic distribution of sequences in the protein "universe" has been analyzed by methods of protein taxonomy. Mapping of the natural hierarchical system of proteins has revealed some dense cores, i.e., well-defined clusterings of proteins that seem to be natural structural groupings, possibly seeds for a future protein taxonomy. The aim was not to force proteins into more or less man-made categories by discriminant analysis, but to find structurally similar groups, possibly of common evolutionary origin. Single-valued distance measures between pairs of superfamilies from the Protein Identification Resource were defined by two chi 2-like methods on tripeptide frequencies and the variable-length subsequence identity method derived from dot-matrix comparisons. Distance matrices were processed by several methods of cluster analysis to detect phylogenetic continuum between highly divergent proteins. Only well-defined clusters characterized by relatively unique structural, intracellular environmental, organismal, and functional attribute states were selected as major protein groups, including subsets of viral and Escherichia coli proteins, hormones, inhibitors, plant, ribosomal, serum and structural proteins, amino acid synthases, and clusters dominated by certain oxidoreductases and apolar and DNA-associated enzymes. The limited repertoire of functional patterns due to small genome size, the high rate of recombination, specific features of the bacterial membranes, or of the virus cycle canalize certain proteins of viruses and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, to organismal groups.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structured group interaction: An intervention strategy for the continued development of elderly populations.

Structured group interaction, through an emphasis on pre-group structuring, didactic presentations, experiential learning, and evaluation, provides a flexible approach to achieving a variety of goals while compensating for many of the problem characteristics of an aged institutionalized population. Structured groups are characterized by adherence to a rigorous intervention planning methodology, with a high degree of pre-planned group structure, explicit behaviorally stated performance goals, and a concern for transferring group behavior to everyday settings. After a consideration of literature support and some of the limitations and hazards involved in the approach, it is concluded that structured groups represent a useful tool for the applied gerontologist.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Structured group therapy and fluoxetine to treat depression in HIV-positive persons.

In 1990, 20 asymptomatic persons diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-positive) and mild-to-moderate depression were divided into 2 comparison groups. One group received structured group therapy plus fluoxetine, while the other received the same therapy plus a placebo. Affective, neurocognitive, and immune variables were measured before and after the intervention. In the patients receiving group therapy and fluoxetine, its administration did not improve treatment outcome compared to the therapy and placebo group. No significant differences between the two groups were noted on immune variables. However, symptoms of depression decreased in both groups, and both groups showed significant incorporation of the skills in active behavioral coping taught in therapy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

GC-IR based two-dimensional structural group analysis of petroleum products.

To characterize petroleum products, a method based on the combination of IR-spectrometric structural group analysis, GC-simulated boiling analysis and multivariate regression techniques (PLS, PCR) has been developed. The best performance was achieved by a PLS regression model with six aliphatic and aromatic structural groups. Thereby, structural group distribution related to the boiling temperature could be obtained in order to quantify product-specific distribution parameters and to control material-conversion processes caused by biodegradation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of teaching strategies: lecture notes combined with structured group discussion versus lecture only.

In this study, we compared two teaching strategies: lecture notes combined with structured group discussion versus lecture only. We sought to help nurse educators identify the most effective teaching strategies for nursing students. We compared the examination scores of two groups of students who took a 3-credit medical-surgical nursing course. The control group (N = 88) received lecture only as the teaching method, whereas the experimental group (N = 81) received word-processed lecture notes along with structured group discussion. A one-tailed, independent sample t test was used to compare the mean examination scores of the two groups. The chi-square test was used to determine whether a significant difference existed between the course-passing rates of the two groups. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the means of the experimental and control groups. However, no statistically significant difference existed between the course-passing rate of students in the experimental group and that of students in the control group. These results provide strong support for the use of lecture notes in conjunction with structured group discussion as a teaching strategy. We recommend replicating this study using samples from other courses, and conducting further studies that include students' NCLEX-RN results as a third dependent variable.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Stability of distance between structured groups in a social organism: empirical research.

The working hypothesis at the basis of the research is that in the development process of a social body the distance between structural groups of persons remain constant. The structural groups considered are men, women and a selected group of women (Soroptimists). The inquiry was carried out in 15 European countries in 1972. The total number of interviews was 4200. The six variables considered in the inquiry are the attitudes in respect of work, family, education, free time, sex and politics. The discriminatory analysis techniques are: entropy and factor analysis. Results seem to confirm the hypothesis of stability between groups and of countries between one another.

Group Structure↗
PubMed1976

Identification of drugs and other toxic compounds from their ultraviolet spectra. Part III: Ultraviolet absorption properties of 22 structural groups.

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of 22 different chemical (structural) groups of drugs and toxic compounds were studied. This paper completes a three-part series in which more than 500 individual compounds have been grouped according to structure as it pertains to characteristics of the ultraviolet absorption scan. Each group has a typical absorption profile with respect to the number of bands between 200 and 340 nm, the intensity of the band(s), and the changes in absorption pattern with solvent and pH changes. Phenothiazines, xanthines, coumarins, quinolines, naphthalene derivatives. O-alkyl benzene derivatives, opiates, ergot alkaloids, benzodiazepines, and various heterocyclic compounds are among the groups of compounds covered in this paper.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipase-catalyzed polycondensations: effect of substrates and solvent on chain formation, dispersity, and end-group structure.

The effects of substrates and solvent on polymer formation, number-average molecular weight (M(n)), polydispersity, and end-group structure for lipase-catalyzed polycondensations were investigated. Diphenyl ether was found to be the preferred solvent for the polyesterification of adipic acid and 1,8-octanediol giving a M(n) of 28 500 (48 h, 70 degrees C). The effect of varying the alkylene chain length of diols and diacids on the molecular weight distribution and the polymer end-group structure was assessed. A series of diacids (succinic, glutaric, adipic, and sebacic acid) and diols (1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,8-octanediol) were polymerized in solution and in bulk. It was found that reactions involving monomers having longer alkylene chain lengths of diacids (sebacic and adipic acid) and diols (1,8-octanediol and 1,6-hexanediol) give a higher reactivity than reactions of shorter chain-length diacids (succinic and glutaric acid) and 1,4-butanediol. The bulk lipase-catalyzed condensation reactions were feasible, but the use of diphenyl ether gave higher M(n) values (42,400 g/mol in 3 days at 70 degrees C). The polydispersity varied little over the conditions studied giving values </=2. No specific trend with respect to end-group structure as a function of time was observed. At 70 degrees C, the retention of catalyst activity in the bulk was independent of substrate structure but was higher when reactions were conducted in diphenyl ether than in bulk.

Catalysis↗