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PubMed2026

Healthcare Access and Safety Training Gaps Among H-2 A Visa Agricultural Workers in Georgia.

The H-2 A Temporary Agricultural Workers Program, which supplies seasonal labor essential to U.S. food security, has grown over 230% in the past decade but is excluded from the National Agricultural Workers Survey. Although safety training is federally mandated and H-2 A workers are eligible for Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace coverage, compliance and healthcare access among these workers remain poorly documented. The aim of this pilot study was to assess workplace safety training, heat acclimatization practices, health insurance awareness and enrollment, and healthcare utilization among H-2 A workers in Georgia. In summer 2024, bilingual research assistants orally administered a cross-sectional Spanish-language survey to 51 H-2 A workers at a South Georgia laundromat, in partnership with the Latino Community Fund Georgia. The survey assessed demographics, occupational characteristics, safety training, heat acclimatization, health insurance awareness and enrollment, and healthcare utilization. Findings are self-reported. Among participants, 41% reported not receiving federally mandated pesticide safety training, and 59% received heat illness prevention training. Heat acclimatization was inadequate for 53% (29% received none). Additionally, 53% did not know the nearest hospital, 43% reported having health insurance, and 25% were unsure of their health insurance status. Overall, 71% had never visited a doctor's office, and of 22 insured workers, only 1 (2%) had used benefits this season. Substantial gaps in workplace safety training, heat acclimatization, and healthcare access were observed in this pilot study, consistent with prior evidence of persistent disparities in this population. Community-based outreach, bilingual health navigation, and market-based labor accountability models warrant further investigation to improve protections for H-2 A workers.

Agricultural workers↗
PubMed1978

Susceptibility of inbred strains of mice to Trypanosoma congolense: correlation with changes in spleen lymphocyte populations.

A comparison was made of the susceptibility of eight inbred strains of mice to infection with Trypanosoma congolense. Marked differences in susceptibility as judged by survival were found between the different strains. The capacity of certain strains to survive longer than others appeared to be related to their ability to limit the numbers of trypanosomes in the circulation. There was no difference in the infectivity of T. congolense for mice of high and low susceptibility. Furthermore, the findings of similar prepatent periods suggested that the initial replication rate was similar in the different strains. These findings suggested that the level of parasitaemia in different strains of may reflect differences in the nature of quality of the immune response to the trypanosome. In all of the strains of mice a marked increase in splenic B and null lymphocytes was found. This, allied to the finding of an increase in the background plaque-forming cells to sheep erythrocytes, indicated, as suggested by other workers, that trypanosome infection results in a non-specific polyclonal activation of lymphocytes, and that this affects primarily B lymphocytes. In strains of mice which survived longest, i.e. C57B1/6J and AKR/A, the increase in splenic B and null cells was less marked. Whether this is associated with a decreased susceptibility of these strains to polyclonal activation induced by trypanosome infection, or whether it is merely the result of lower levels of parasitaemia, remains to be determined. By comparing T. congolense infection in three strains of mice congenic at the H-2 locus, representing H-2a, H-2b and H-2k haplotypes, it was found that the susceptibility was not associated with the H-2 haplotype. The finding that (A/J X C57B1/6J)F1 hybrids were of similar susceptibility as the C57B1/6J parents indicated that the relative resistance of this strain is inherited as a dominant trait, although in the early stages of infection the F1 hybrids consistently showed somewhat higher levels of parasitaemia than the C57B1/6J mice. Athymic nude mice and surgically splenectomized mice were found to be more susceptible to T. congolense infection than intact mice of the same strain. However, the effect of splenectomy was much less pronounced in C57B1/6J mice than in the relatively more susceptible BALB/c/A mice.

Animals↗