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Results for “HEART DISEASES”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease and stroke among Japanese: 14 year follow-up of randomly selected population from Japanese -- Nippon data 80.

The objectives of the study were to clarify the relationship between blood pressure and mortality from stroke, heart disease, cardiovascular diseases and all causes of death among representative population of Japanese and to estimate category-specific excess mortality from stroke due to blood pressure (BP) level. The study design comprised a retrospective cohort study using the 1980 National Survey on Cardiovascular Diseases and identification of underlying causes of death using national vital statistics data. In 1994, a 14-year follow-up cohort study was conducted among participants of the National Survey on Cardiovascular Diseases in 1980, randomly selected from the Japanese population. With a collaboration of 300 public health centres, which had conducted the original survey in 1980, 91.4% of the participants of the original survey could be followed up. Total observed person-years were 53948 for men and 70932 for women. During follow-up, 1327 deaths were observed. BP levels were significantly related to mortality from strokes, cardiovascular diseases and all causes of death for both sexes (P<0.001). Heart disease mortality was significantly related to BP levels among men (P<0.05) while not among women. Estimated excess mortality was 130% for men and 42% for women and chiefly observed among moderate hypertensives (48% for men and 16% for women). In conclusion, high blood pressure was a risk factor for mortality from all causes as well as those from cardiovascular diseases, stroke and heart disease among Japanese. Since the major part of excess mortality was due to mild hypertension, a population strategy to reduce blood pressure should be encouraged.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Postural reflexes in chronic Chagas's heart disease. Heart rate and arterial pressure responses.

Studies of heart rate and blood pressure responses to 70 degrees head-up tilt and 30 degrees head-down tilt were conducted in normal subjects and in chronic cardiac chagasic patients without past or present cardiac decompensation. During steady state of tilt, heart rate alterations were less marked in the chagasic than in the control group. Vasodepressor syncope supervened in three cardiac chagasic patients, two of whom showed the distinctive feature of hypotension without reflex bradycardia. In these patients, vagal control of cardiac rate could not be demonstrated either following a full blocking dose of atropine or during sudden elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure. These results are interpreted in the context of the pathologic and functional derangements of autonomic control which occur in Chagas' heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Kawasaki disease: heart disease during childhood].

The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for coronary lesions, the type of heart lesion present, and long-term outcome in Kawasaki disease. We studied 150 children, aged 3 months to 9.5 years, who met the criteria for a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Of the 18% who were diagnosed with heart disease, 100% had coronary artery abnormalities, 11.1% had pancarditis, and 3.7%, mitral insufficiency. The coronary abnormalities were classified according severity as follows: diffuse ectasia in 40.7%; a small-to-medium-sized solitary coronary artery aneurysm in 33.3%; numerous small-to-medium-sized aneurysms in 11.1%; giant aneurysms in 11.1%; and coronary artery stenosis in 3.7%. The presence of pancarditis was a predictor of a giant coronary artery aneurysm. Mortality was 3.7%. Coronary aneurysm was the predominant heart lesion. The risk factors for coronary aneurysm in Kawasaki disease included age less than 27 months, fever lasting more than 8 days, erythrocyte sedimentation greater than 70 mm, and pancarditis.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Pharmacogenetics of multigenic disease: heart disease as an example.

We now have a greater understanding of the workings of the human genome as well as a wide assortment of pharmacological and mechanical therapies that clearly improve mortality and quality of life for our patients with cardiovascular disease, but these areas of therapeutics and genomics have essentially advanced independently with little interaction up until recently. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the effect of a medication as it relates to single or defined sets of genes. A major goal will be to integrate the two so that true personalized therapy can be delivered. This review explores the clinical implications of the complex interactions in multigenic disease and pharmacology with examples of atherosclerosis and heart failure. The therapies of today are the direct result of understanding the epidemiological, molecular and genetic basis of cardiovascular disease with the application to clinical practice. The complexity of multigenic disease and the promise of pharmacogenetics will require that we improve on the methods of drug evaluation and this includes the need for new statistical methods, bioinformatics, and novel clinical trial design with sufficient power to detect differences in therapy. There must be a continued effort to apply biological and mechanistic plausibility in understanding disease and pharmacology but openness to new ideas and concepts, especially in understanding the workings of the genome.

Antigens, Human Platelet↗
PubMed2000

Smoking and stress: common denominators for periodontal disease, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus.

The scientific evidence supporting the relationship between periodontal disease and two major health problems of the US population, i.e., cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, is discussed. Evidence supporting the behavioral and psychosocial factors mediating the relationship between periodontal infection and these systemic conditions, namely smoking and stress, is presented, as well as models explaining these relationships. Treatment protocols are suggested for the clinical management of patients who smoke, are diabetic, or are at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Transplantation for adults with congenital heart disease.

Heart transplantation is a recognised treatment for end-stage heart failure of any cause including congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease has contributed relatively little to the adult heart transplant activities in the past two decades. However, this is likely to change as an increasing number of children with congenital heart disease reach adulthood because of the advances in paediatric cardiology and surgery. Some of these grown-ups with congenital heart disease (GUCH patients) will need transplantation for late myocardial dysfunction either secondary to uncorrected lesions, or despite previous repair or palliative surgery. These patients are managed along the same clinical principles as those with cardiac failure of other aetiologies, despite the lack of any evidence to support this approach. Nevertheless, they introduce new challenges. First, some may have pulmonary vascular disease and require heart-lung transplantation, or lung transplantation combined with repair of their cardiac defects. Second, those with failing Fontan circulation are usually much sicker than other transplant candidates, with protein-losing enteropathy along with renal and hepatic dysfunction. Third, a suitable donor organ may not be found due to elevated levels of antibodies in response to previous blood transfusions and possibly the previous implantation of homografts. Fourth, the operation may be technically difficult because of the presence of adhesions secondary to previous operations, collaterals, and unusual anatomy. Fifth, postoperative care may be complicated because of predisposition to bleeding, infection and pulmonary hypertension, and the presence of residual aortopulmonary collaterals resulting in a significant left-to-right shunt. Despite a higher early mortality, the overall results of heart transplantation so far have been encouraging with survivals similar to that of adults with acquired heart disease and that of the paediatric population. However, this may change as the proportion of high-risk patients (failing Fontans) increases. GUCH patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome may be offered lung transplantation with repair of the cardiac defect or heart-lung transplantation. However, because of the limited success of these approaches, and improved management of pulmonary hypertension, patient selection remains difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The association of body fat distribution with hypertension, hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease, diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in men and women aged 18-79 years.

To confirm the reported association of body fat distribution with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, blood pressure and serum cholesterol, data from the 1960-62 Health Examination Survey were analyzed. In this sample drawn from the noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 18-79, mean values of two indices of upper versus lower body fat distribution increased steadily with age. Men had higher values than women, and black women had higher values than white women. Higher values of the indices were significantly associated with higher blood pressure, post-load serum glucose and greater prevalence of definite hypertension and definite hypertensive heart disease independent of multiple confounders. Associations with higher serum cholesterol and definite coronary heart disease prevalence were independent of overall ponderosity but not of age and multiple other confounders. Greater abdominal relative to lower body fat deposits were independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk in men and women, blacks and whites.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

Proteomics of heart disease.

Heart diseases resulting in heart failure are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The underlying molecular causes of cardiac dysfunction in most heart diseases are still largely unknown, but are likely to result from underlying alterations in gene and protein expression. Proteomics now allows us to examine global alterations in protein expression in the diseased heart and will provide new insights into cellular mechanisms involved in cardiac dysfunction and should also result in the generation of new diagnostic and therapeutic markers. In this article we review the current status of proteomic technologies and describe how these are being applied to studies of human heart disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in heart diseases (ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction).

Acute and chronic ischaemic diseases are among the main death reasons and civilized world menace. Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs): valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and isoleucine (Ile) are the main source of nitrogen to glutamine (Gln) and alanine (Ala) synthesis in muscles. In numerous cachexy-producing illnesses such as cancer, sepsis, diverse injuries and heart diseases increased consumption of BCAAs occurs. In myocardial ischemia BCAAs derived from the mobilization of muscle protein may be an important alternative energy substrate for the heart. BCAAs are oxidative energy substrates for the heart and may exert anabolic effects on myocardial protein (8). The aim of our study was to determine branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) concentrations in blood plasma of patients with chronic and acute ischeamic heart disease and to find out changes that those amino acids undergo during the first five days of patients' hospitalization.

3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)↗
PubMed2000

[Antiphospholipid syndrome in valvular heart diseases, ischemic heart disease and vascular thrombosis].

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) leads to venous and arterial thrombosis, cardiac diseases, neurological, gastroenterological and dermatological complications. The role of antiphospholipid antibodies in genesis of thrombi by interaction with plasma clotting factors is well known. There is no evidence of their influence on valvular heart diseases or atherogenesis. This paper presents views and opinions about APS and related cardiovascular complications.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome↗