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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Valacyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and other viral infections.

BACKGROUND: Genital herpes and herpes labialis are prevalent, physically and psychologically painful, and often disabling. Herpes zoster is often very painful and may result in months or years of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Over the past two decades, the treatment of these conditions has been transformed by guanosine nucleoside antivirals such as valacyclovir (Valtrex, a highly bioavailable prodrug of acyclovir (Zovirax, and famciclovir (Famvir), a highly bioavailable prodrug of penciclovir (Denavir). OBJECTIVE: We describe the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy of valacyclovir for the treatment of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and other viral infections. Valacyclovir is also compared with acyclovir and famciclovir. METHODS: All published literature containing the word "valacyclovir" was reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: Valacyclovir is the only oral antiviral agent approved for therapy of herpes labialis, the only antiviral drug approved for a 3-day course in the episodic treatment of recurrent genital herpes, as well as the only antiviral drug approved for once daily dosing for suppressive therapy. In herpes zoster, valacyclovir is more effective than acyclovir and equally effective as famciclovir at hastening the healing of zoster-associated pain and PHN. CONCLUSION: Valacyclovir is safe and effective in the therapy of patients with herpes simplex and herpes zoster and may be useful in other viral infections.

2-Aminopurine↗
PubMed1978

Cytologic examination and viral and bacterial culture in herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and varicella.

Cytologic examination of epithelial cells from the base of vesicles, virus isolation, and bacterial culture were carried out in thirty-one patients with herpes simplex, in eleven patients with herpes zoster, and in three patients with varicella. Determination of herpes simplex complement fixation reaction was made in the patients with herpes simplex. Cytologic manifestations consistent with herpes were found 65 percent of patients with herpes simplex, while herpesvirus hominis was isolated in 77 percent of these patients. Diagnostic cytologic manifestations were found in 82 percent of the patients with herpes zoster or varicella. Varicella-zoster virus was isolated in 27 percent of these patients. The presence of pathogenic bacteria did not seem to influence the frequency of virus isolation or finding of characteristic cytologic features.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Efficacy and tolerability of acyclovir in immunosuppressed patients with herpes simplex, herpes zoster or cutaneomucous chicken-pox. Multicenter trial apropos of 50 cases].

A multicenter trial of Acyclovir was carried out in 50 immunodepressed patients. The dose used was 15 mg/kg/day for 5 days in herpes simplex and 30 mg/kg/day for 10 days in herpes zoster and chicken pox by three one-hourly intravenous infusion per day. Acyclovir had a clear cut effect in 42 cases, a partial effect in 1 case, no effect in 1 case, and its action could not be assessed in 6 cases. The cutaneous and mucous membrane lesions were stabilised after an average of two days' treatment, and regression was observed from the third day. Of the 21 cases of zoster, 15 were cured without sequellae and 5 with post-zoster pain. The treatment failed in one patient. Of the 21 cases of cutaneous and/or mucous membrane herpes simplex, 20 satisfactory and 1 partial result were obtained. The outcomes of the 2 cases of chicken pox were favourable. There were three relapses after the end of therapy (2 herpes simplex, 1 zoster) but their outcomes were favourable after a second course of Acyclovir. In 20 cases it was possible to maintain the immuno-suppressive therapy. General tolerance was satisfactory.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1997

Viral folliculitis. Atypical presentations of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and molluscum contagiosum.

BACKGROUND: Viral folliculitis is an infrequently reported entity. The patients described herein were seen over a 12-year period of practice in a referral dermatologic setting. The cases involve a variety of viral infections limited to the hair follicle. OBSERVATIONS: We describe 5 patients with a variety of viral folliculitides: 2 with herpetic sycosis caused by herpes simplex; 1 with herpex simplex folliculitis (this patient also had human immunodeficiency virus); 1 with herpes zoster without blisters; and 1 with molluscum contagiosum. CONCLUSIONS: These 5 cases demonstrate that viral folliculitis has varied causes and presentations. Clinicians should consider viral agents in the differential diagnosis of superficial infectious folliculitis, especially in cases that are refractory to antibacterial or antifungal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Corneal donor infection by herpes simplex virus: herpes simplex virus DNA in donor corneas.

Three corneoscleral discs (from two donors) underwent subtotal endothelial loss during routine "long-term" organ culture storage. Laboratory studies of these corneas revealed evidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The fellow cornea from one of the donors had been issued for transplant to a patient with keratoconus. Deterioration of the graft was noted 5 days after surgery; the disc was removed at 2 months and was shown to be infected with HSV. In an experiment designed to simulate initial "cleansing" of donor globes, 0.1% polyvinylpyrolidone-iodine protected cells from infection with HSV. It was concluded that the detection of HSV in these corneas could not be explained by external contamination of the ocular surface. Furthermore, culture of conjunctival and pharangeal swabs taken from 47 consecutive donors confirmed that HSV is rarely isolated at or around the time of death. Five pairs of donor corneas destined for use in transplantation were selected at random and investigated for the presence of HSV. HSV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in tissue from two of the corneal donors. Sequential stepwise sectioning suggested that HSV DNA when present was distributed in discrete foci within the cornea. These observations suggest that HSV infection may be a cause of severe endothelial loss during corneal organ culture and possibly provide an explanation for some "failures" of corneal grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Gastroesophageal involvement in herpes simplex.

Herpes simplex in the gastric mucosa has not been previously described. The case presented here describes gastritis and esophagitis resulting from herpes simplex in a patient being treated with immunosuppressive agents. These changes were confirmed endoscopically and radiographically. Biopsy specimens of the gastric and esophageal mucosa showed eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies typical of herpes simplex. The pathogenesis and pathological appearance of herpetic gastritis and esophagitis are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Herpes simplex encephalitis with herpes simplex retinitis].

The association of herpes simplex encephalitis and herpes simplex retinitis is rare in adults. The case presented indicates that the manifestation of retinitis after herpes simplex encephalitis is infectious and not immunologic in origin. Retinal infection results either from neuron-to-neuron transmission of viruses along the optic nerve or from recurrent viral infection. Treatment with acyclovir improves the otherwise rather poor prognosis of combined herpes simplex encephalitis and retinitis. In this case a second course of systemic treatment with acyclovir was effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Viral warts, herpes simplex and herpes zoster in patients with secondary immune deficiencies and neoplasms.

The incidence of viral warts, recurrent herpes simplex and herpes zoster has been assessed in a group of patients with possible secondary immune deficiency states and compared to a control group. Patients with cell-mediated immune deficiency appear to be more prone to warts and zoster infection as compared to patients with humoral immune deficiency. Recurrent herpes simplex infection was not increased in either group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Double blind trial in the treatment of herpes simplex and herpes zoster with adenine arabinoside and idoxuridine.

In a double blind trial adenine arabinoside (Vidarabine) and Idoxuridine (IDU) were tested in herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections. Adenine arabinoside covered 19 patients with HSV and 6 with HZ while IDU 19 with HSV and 6 with HZ. From the statistical analysis it was found that Vidarabine acts shorter than IDU in HSV P less than 0.01, while in HZ no significant difference P less than 0.5 was found, possibly due to the small number of patients tested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in immunocompromised patients are more severe and invasive than in non-immunocompromised patients. They are characterised by prolonged viral shedding and a tendency to heal more slowly. In addition, resistant viruses are exclusively isolated in immunocompromised patients, requiring other drugs with distinct mechanisms of action. The reference compound for the treatment of HSV infections is acyclovir (ACV) that selectively inhibits HSV DNA replication with low host-cell toxicity. Recently, two molecules, valaciclovir (VACV), the L-valyl ester of ACV and famciclovir (FCV), the diacetyl ester of 6-deoxy-penciclovir (PCV), another potent nucleoside analogue, were developed showing an increased oral bioavailability compared to the original compounds. Foscavir (PFA) and more recently cidofovir (CDV) are drugs that do not need the viral thymidine kinase (TK) to be activated and therefore are the appropriate candidates for the treatment of resistant viruses emerging under acyclovir or penciclovir.

Antiviral Agents↗