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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Chinese pediatric Hodgkin disease: Hodgkin disease in young children is an EBV-related lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of some Hodgkin disease (HD) cases. EBV may be associated particularly with childhood HD, a disease rare in the West compared with developing countries. In this study, a large series of Chinese pediatric HD cases has been examined to determine the age-specific prevalence of EBV. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 104 pediatric and 52 adult Chinese HD cases were examined for EBV-RNA (EBERs) and EBV latent membrane protein-1. RESULTS: Most pediatric cases arose in boys and showed an histology of mixed cellularity. Prominent interfollicular involvement was seen frequently in the childhood cases. EBV was identified in tumor cells in 113 of 156 (72%) HD cases but was more frequent in pediatric cases (93 of 104; 89%) compared with adult cases (20 of 52; 38%) (P < 0.01; chi-square test). EBV was found in 86 out of 91 (95%) cases in children aged 3-10 years and in 7 out of 13 (54%) cases in children aged 11-14 years (P < 0.01; chi-square test). The virus was less frequent in cases in young adults than in old adults, although this trend was not significant (P > 0.05; chi-square test). Pediatric HD was associated with EBV irrespective of histologic subtype. In adults, EBV was associated more frequently with mixed cellularity than with other subtypes. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is to date the largest series of pediatric HD cases studied for EBV. Study findings provided further evidence that HD is etiologically heterogeneous. The authors believe that pediatric HD now should be regarded as a distinctive EBV-related lymphoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Hodgkin disease: Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells picked from histological sections show clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and appear to be derived from B cells at various stages of development.

Hodgkin disease (HD) is characterized by a small number of putative malignant cells [Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells] among a background of lymphocytes and histiocytes. The lineage of HRS cells is still elusive and a clonal origin of these rare cells has not formally been demonstrated. We isolated HRS cells by micromanipulation from histological sections of three cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (each representing a distinct subtype of the disease) and analyzed individual cells for immunoglobulin variable (V) gene rearrangements by PCR. In each of the three cases a single heavy-chain V (VH) (and in one case, in addition, a kappa light-chain) gene rearrangement was amplified from the HRS cells, identifying these cells as members of a single clone. A potentially functional VH rearrangement was obtained from a case of nodular sclerosis HD. Somatic mutations and intraclonal diversity in the VH genes indicate a germinal center B-cell origin of the HRS cells in a case of lymphocyte-predominant HD, whereas in a case of mixed-cellularity HD the sequence analysis revealed only nonfunctional V gene rearrangements, suggesting a pre-B-cell origin. This indicates that HRS cells can originate from B-lineage cells at various stages of development.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cardiophrenic adenopathy in Hodgkin disease.

Hodgkin disease can involve diaphragmatic lymph nodes adjacent to the heart. When nodes at the cardiac apex are involved, the roentgenographic appearance simulates that of the normal pericardial fat pad. Though, to our knowledge, no cases have been reported in which this was the only intrathoracic manifestation of Hodgkin disease at the time the patient was first seen and the condition was diagnosed, it may be the only manifestation of relapse, as was true in the case presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

From Hodgkin disease to Hodgkin lymphoma: biologic insights and therapeutic potential.

Reclassification of Hodgkin disease as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) represents a milestone in the lymphoma field, awarding recent insights in the molecular biology of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells and their environment. This review summarizes antiapoptotic and proproliferative pathways involved in the pathogenesis of this disease with the ultimate goal of translating laboratory knowledge into clinical decision making. The focus is on potential targets and novel drugs, which are discussed in the context of the complex biology of HL. Considering that HL patients are more likely to die from acute and late treatment-related toxicities than from HL itself, the introduction of targeted, biologically based therapies for HL patients with palliative and eventually curative intention might be justified.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Osseous Hodgkin disease.

BACKGROUND: Hodgkin disease rarely presents as an osseous lesion, and the majority of patients are found at staging to have concurrent disease in lymph nodes. Many cases of osseous Hodgkin disease have been misdiagnosed on initial biopsy. METHODS: All cases of Hodgkin disease diagnosed by open bone biopsy at the Mayo Clinic were identified. These included patients with primary osseous tumors, those presenting with multiple sites of involvement (with osseous lesions), and those with recurrence in bone. Recut sections were subjected to immunohistochemical stains to confirm the diagnosis. Clinical data and follow-up information were obtained from patients' charts. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (15 males and 10 females with an average age of 37 years) with osseous Hodgkin disease were identified during the years 1927-1996. Three patients had solitary, osseous tumors and two had primary, multifocal, osseous Hodgkin disease without involvement of nonosseous sites. Twelve patients who presented with lesions in osseous sites also had nonosseous tumors detected at staging, and 8 patients had recurrent Hodgkin disease that presented in bone. The majority of patients with primary and recurrent tumors presented only with bone pain; >50% of patients with concurrent osseous and nonosseous disease also had B-type symptoms. Nearly all lesions were in the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton. Radiographic features included osteosclerotic, osteolytic, and mixed lytic/sclerotic patterns. Cortical destruction, periosteal new bone formation, and soft tissue masses were present in 50% of cases. The histologic diagnosis of osseous Hodgkin disease occasionally was problematic; osteomyelitis was the most frequent misdiagnosis. Immunohistochemical stains revealed expression of CD15 and CD30 in neoplastic cells (which were negative for CD45 and B-cell and T-cell antigens) in all but two cases. Involved lymph nodes typically exhibited nodular sclerosis Hodgkin disease. Three patients with primary solitary osseous Hodgkin disease received radiation treatment only; at last follow-up 2 patients were alive at 22 months and 10 years, respectively. Patients with concurrent osseous and nonosseous tumors exhibited a 60% overall survival rate, but at last follow-up all 4 patients diagnosed after 1986 still were alive; those with Hodgkin disease that recurred as osseous lesions had a 60% survival rate at 8 years, but only 1 of the 5 patients diagnosed since 1984 had died of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Osseous Hodgkin disease typically presents with bone pain, and the majority of patients have concurrent nonosseous lesions detected at staging. Radiographic features of osseous Hodgkin disease vary but indicate an aggressive malignant process. The histologic diagnosis may be problematic; immunohistochemical stains aid in establishing the diagnosis of Hodgkin disease in bone. Survival of patients with osseous Hodgkin disease has been found to be good for the last 10 years.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Down-regulation of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 in classical Hodgkin disease but not in lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin disease correlates with immunoglobulin transcription.

In contrast to the tumor cells (L&H cells) of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin disease (LPHD), Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin disease (cHD) are unable to transcribe immunoglobulin, despite the presence of rearranged immunoglobulin genes. Although initial studies have suggested crippling immunoglobulin gene mutations to be the cause of absent immunoglobulin expression in cHD, recent work of our group has demonstrated an impaired activation of the immunoglobulin promoter as a superior mechanism. As immunoglobulin transcription is mainly regulated by the B-cell transcription factors Oct2 and BOB.1/OBF.1, we analyzed 35 cases of LPHD, 32 cases of cHD, and 2 Hodgkin disease cell lines for the expression of these transcription factors and also in parallel for immunoglobulin expression. Our results demonstrate an absence of Oct2 and/or BOB.1/OBF.1 in cHD and a striking overexpression of Oct2 in LPHD. Immunoglobulin expression was lacking in cHD but present in LPHD. Furthermore, the reintroduction of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 into cultured HRS cells restored the activity of cotransduced immunoglobulin promoter constructs. Our findings dismiss the concept that the different immunoglobulin expression in cHD and LPHD is due to disrupting mutations of immunoglobulin V genes in cHD but is most likely due to a down-regulation of Oct2 and/or BOB.1/OBF.1. This study further revealed Oct2 as a new and valuable marker for the identification of L&H cells and their distinction from HRS cells. The impairment of immunoglobulin transcription with a down-regulated synthesis of Oct2 and BOB.1/OBF.1 is the first established general recurrent defect found in HRS cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: plain chest radiographs and chest computed tomography of thoracic involvement in previously untreated patients.

PURPOSE: To provide further information about the presentation of thoracic involvement in Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and to compare chest radiography with chest CT findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the chest radiographs and the CT images of 100 Hodgkin and 100 non-Hodgkin patients, all of them untreated. Our data were compared with those of literature series: the latest study comparing the different patterns of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin disease appeared in 1976 and it compared chest radiography with conventional tomography, not with CT. RESULTS: Intrathoracic involvement (75% vs 48%) and adenopathy (74% vs 28%) were more frequent in Hodgkin than in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ninety-nine per cent of the patients with intrathoracic involvement (74/75) had nodal disease. Paratracheal/prevascular nodes were most frequently involved, namely in 72/74 Hodgkin (97%) and in 27/28 non-Hodgkin patients (96%). The lung parenchyma was more often involved in non-Hodgkin (24%) than in Hodgkin (8%) patients; it was associated with mediastinal/hilar adenopathy in all Hodgkin and in 10/24 (42%) non-Hodgkin cases. Parenchymal involvement was demonstrated with chest radiography in 7/8 Hodgkin (88%) and in 13/24 non-Hodgkin patients (54%). Chest radiography showed paratracheal/prevascular adenopathy more often in Hodgkin (54/72, 75%) than in non-Hodgkin (15/27, 56%) cases. Subcarinal and internal mammary adenopathy was poorly depicted with plain films, while hilar adenopathy was generally identified with both CT and chest radiography. Chest radiography usually missed posterior mediastinal and anterior diaphragmatic adenopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the presentation of Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin disease are not sufficiently distinctive to permit radiographic differentiation of the two conditions, but some patterns are helpful. Recognizing the frequency of thoracic involvement and that of the additional CT findings in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin patients makes a sound basis for lymphoma imaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Laparoscopic oophoropexy and ovarian function in the treatment of Hodgkin disease.

BACKGROUND: Hodgkin disease commonly affects women of reproductive age. Total lymph node irradiation (TNI) typically delivers a dose of 2000-4000 centigray (cGy) to the ovaries, which invariably results in premature ovarian failure (POF) and infertility unless the ovaries are shielded. Transposition of the ovaries at staging laparotomy has had mixed success and may be remote in time from pelvic radiation. METHODS: A laparoscopic technique has been described that allows transposition of the ovaries just prior to pelvic radiation. This is a report of the outcome of 12 patients who underwent laparoscopic oophoropexy at the University of Florida from 1989 to 1995. Two were excluded from analysis, because one died and the other had a second malignancy for which radiation was aborted. RESULTS: At follow-up, five patients had evidence of ovarian function, and the four patients of these five who desired children achieved pregnancies. All five had zero to two courses of chemotherapy. Two patients who subsequently had pregnancies had staging laparotomy with oophoropexy 5 and 6 months, respectively, before laparoscopy. In both cases the ovaries had migrated back to their original positions, and their therapy would have resulted in ovarian failure had the repeat procedure not been performed. Five patients had ovarian failure at follow-up. Four of the five had received multiple courses of chemotherapy; the other had pelvic primary disease and received 3500 cGy to the femoral lymph nodes and pelvis, with little central shielding. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic oophoropexy performed immediately prior to pelvic irradiation is effective in preserving ovarian function in nearly all patients who are to undergo TNI for Hodgkin disease and who receive minimal or no chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Seasonal variation in month of birth and diagnosis in children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Infections have been hypothesized to be a risk factor for Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Because infections usually occur seasonally, the authors looked at the seasonal pattern of occurrence of these diseases, since seasonal variation in occurrence would lend support to the hypothesis of an etiologic link between infection and lymphoma. METHODS: The authors identified 575 patients with Hodgkin disease and 498 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma under the age of 20 years in the Danish Cancer Registry from 1943 to 1994. A periodic regression model was used to evaluate the seasonal distribution of month of diagnosis and month of birth. RESULTS: For the month of diagnosis of Hodgkin disease, the peak month of occurrence was March. The peak-to-trough ratio (the estimated incidence in the month of the peak divided by the estimated incidence in the month of the trough) was 1.57. For birth date, the ratio of case births at the peak month to case births at the trough month was 1.21, with a peak in July. There was no meaningful seasonal variation in the diagnosis or month of birth of children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: These data corroborate a previously reported March peak in the diagnosis of Hodgkin disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated Hodgkin disease. Is there a clue regarding the cause of Hodgkin disease?

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Hodgkin disease (HD) offers a unique opportunity to study the cause of HD and compare HIV-HD with the well-characterized HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS: Eight patients with HIV-HD and 17 with HIV-NHL were treated. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in HIV-HD was 100% with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone or doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (median survival, > 38.0 months). HIV-NHL patients were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CR, 80%; median survival, 13.0 +/- 1.3 months). Durable CR was achieved with one to six cycles of chemotherapy (median, 4). There were no late relapses. The difference between the survival rate associated with chemotherapy-treated HIV-HD and chemotherapy-treated HIV-NHL approached statistical significance (P = 0.06). Analysis indicated that all patients with HIV-HD (n = 8) may have acquired HIV through intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) compared with 1 of 17 patients with HIV-NHL (P = 0.0001). A combined analysis (metaanalysis) of 157 patients with chemotherapy-treated HIV-NHL and 51 with chemotherapy-treated HIV-HD confirmed the significantly better survival of those with HIV-HD (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Standard combination chemotherapy, truncated as necessary, offers survival outcomes that are at least equivalent and, perhaps, superior to previously published experimental approaches for HIV-NHL and HIV-HD. HIV-HD has a significantly better prognosis than HIV-NHL and is associated with IVDA. These data suggest that the etiologic agents of HIV-HD and HIV-NHL may be transmissible, identifiable, and unique.

Adult↗