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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Contribution to the experimental haemophilus infection (haemophilus parahemolyticus, haemophilus parasuis) in specific pathogen-free piglets. 1. microbiology, experimental arrangement, results].

Experimental infections were applied to specific pathogen free (SPF) piglets and store pigs, using five haemophilus (H.) parahaemolyticus and two H.-parasuis strains. Different germs counts and modes of application were chosen for each of the animals involved (intratracheal, intranasal, and subcutaneous routes). Clinical and pathologico-anatomic changes typical of haemorrhagic-necrotising pleuropneumonia were obtained from all germ counts and methods of application. Only one of the test animals could be successfully infected to exhibit manifestations of pneumonia or serositis when H. parasuis was used. The high pathogenicity of H. parahaemolyticus, as recorded from the above experiments, was in agreement with the growing incidence of that haemophilosis recordable for some time from pig stock.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Methylase activities from Haemophilus influenzae that protect Haemophilus parainfluenzae transforming deoxyribonucleic acid from inactivation by Haemophilus influenzae endonuclease R.

Specific methylases that have the properties of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) modification enzymes have been isolated from Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd. Two activities ((Methylase IIa and methylase III) were found to protect transforming DNA of H. parainfluenzae from the action of H. influenzae restriction enzymes. To determine the specificty of the protection, a procedure based on biological activity was developed for the separation and purification of the restriction endonucleases from H. influenzae strain Rd. Two endonuclease R activities presumably corresponding to Hind II and Hind III (P. H. Roy and H. O. Smith, 1973; H. O. Smith and K. W. Wilcox, 1970) were characterized by differences in their chromatographic properties, ability to attack T7 DNA, and inactivation of the transforming activity of different markers of H. parainfluenzae DNA. One endonuclease R enzyme (Hind II) attacked T7 DNA and was found to inactivate the dalacin resistance marker (smaller than 0.01% activity remaining) with only a slight effect on the streptomycin resistance marker (83% activity remaining). Methylase IIa treatment protected 40% of the dalacin resistance marker of H. parainfluenzae DNA from inactivation by Hind II. The other restriction activity (Hind III) was inert towards T7 DNA and inactivated the streptomycin resistance marker of H. parainfluenzae DNA (smaller than 0.01% activity remaining) without any effect on the dalacin resistance marker. The methylation of H. parainfluenzae DNA accomplished by methylase III protected 60% of the transforming activity of the streptomycin resistance marker of H. parainfluenzae DNA from the action of Hind III.

DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases↗
PubMed1977

Septicemia and meningoencephalitis in pastured cattle caused by a Haemophilus-like organism ("Haemophilus somnus").

Septicemia and meningoencephalitis developed in 10 pastured cattle 7 months to 3 years of age. Two unrelated herds were involved. Necropsy findings were similar to those previously reported in cattle infected with a Haemophilus-like organism, including multifocal intramuscular hemorrhages, suppurative polyarthritis, and multifocal hemorrhagic thrombi in the brain. A Haemophilus-like organism was isolated from one animal. It was characterized by growth on blood agar or tryptose agar plus a feeder streak under raised carbon dioxide tension, and lack of response to Haemophilus growth factors X and V.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Septicemia and meningoencephalitis in pastured cattle caused by a Haemophilus-like organism ("Haemophilus somnus").

Septicemia and meningoencephalitis developed in 10 pastured cattle 7 months to 3 years of age. Two unrelated herds were involved. Necropsy findings were similar to those previously reported in cattle infected with a Haemophilus-like organism, including multifocal hemorrhages in some muscles, suppurative polyarthritis, and multifocal hemorrhagic thrombi in the brain. A Haemophilus-like organism was isolated from one animal. It was characterized by growth on blood agar or tryptose agar plus a feeder streak under raised carbon dioxide tension, and lack of response to Haemophilus growth factors X and V.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

New satellitism test for isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in sputum.

A new satellitism test designed to facilitate the isolation and identification of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae is described. In the basal medium, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is incorporated at a concentration of 0.2 mug per ml, an amount adequate for H. influenzae but not for H. parainfluenzae. Two disks are placed on the surface of the medium, one disk being impregnated with 60 mug of hemin and the other with 15 mug of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Under these conditions, H. influenzae strains grow around the hemin disk only and the majority of H. parainfluenzae grow around the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disk. This procedure gives results which are more clear cut than other established methods, especially in sputum culture.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1977

[Contribution to the experimental hemophilus infection (Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Haemophilus parasuis) in SPF piglets. 2. Comparative pathology and histology].

The pathologico-anatomic and even more the histological pattern of experimental Haemophilus parahaemolyticus pleuropneumonia in specific-pathogen-free piglets was found to be characteristic in the peracute, acute, and subacute-chronic stages of the disease. It is an infection which can be morphologically differentiated from other forms of pneumonia in swine primarily by three factors, localisation of the changes, inflammation, and a typical cell response. Changes following experimental Haemophilus parasuis infection were found to occur irregularly on serous skins and, in continuation, in the lung and joints. These were not characteristic and failed to exhibit morphological peculiarities.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Haemophilus somnus complex: antigenicity and specificity of fractions of Haemophilus somnus.

Five Haemophilus somnus type 8025 preparations (whole cell, sonicate, crude polysaccharide, purified polysaccharide, and protein) were produced for studies of their antigenicity in rabbits. Bacterial agglutination and passive hemagglutination tests were used to assess the level of antibody produced in rabbits inoculated with the different antigenic preparations. Cross-reactions were seen between the antiserums against the H sumnus 8025 antigens and a variety of related and unrelated bovine pathogens. The strongest cross-reaction occurred between antiserums against H somnus 8025 whole cell and crude polysaccharide antigens and Haemophilus agni and Actinobacillus lignieresii cell suspensions.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1976

Haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The importance of nonencapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C.O.P.D.) has been investigated in 150 patients observed at two-month intervals from 1968 to 1975. H. influenzae was distinguished from H. parainfluenzae by demonstrating requirements for both X and V factors. H. influenzae was isolated more often from sputum cultures from patients with severe C.O.P.D. (13.8%) than from patients with mild disease (4.4%, P less than 0.01). In contrast, H. parainfluenzae was isolated with equal frequency from sputums of patients with mild (40%) or severe (43%) disease. H. influenzae was present in the sputum more often during exacerbations of acute respiratory illness (15.4%) than during sympton-free periods (9.6%, P less than 0.01), while isolation rates of H. parainfluenzae did not increase during periods of illness (35% versus 39%). Antigens specific for the H. influenzae species and for the H. parainfluenzae species were used in a complement-fixation test to detect antibody rises in sera collected from the patient population. Fourfold or greater rises in titre of antibodies to H. influenzae were detected on 76 occasions in 53 patients, and 46 of these rises were associated with acute respiratory illnesses. In contrast, no antibody rises were detected with the H. parainfluenzae antigen. These observations indicate that nonencapsulated strains of H. influenzae may have pathogenic potential in patients with C.O.P.D., whilst H. parainfluenzae should be considered as normal flora.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Bacteriophage N3 of Haemophilus influenzae. I. Independence of vegetative recombination among Haemophilus influenzae bacteriophage on the host cell.

Vegtative recombination of temperature-sensitive mutants of Haemophilus influezae bacteriophage N3 was measured in wild-type H. influenzae strain Rd9 and in recombination-defective mutants of the Rd strain. Recombinants are formed with low but equal frequency in wild-type cells and recombination-defective mutants of the Rd strain. It is concluded that this phage can carry information in its own genome for vegetative recombination. Lysogenization readily takes place in both strains.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1977

[The occurrence of neuraminidase and N-acylneuraminate pyruvate lyase in Haemophilus paragallinarum and Haemophilus paravium n.sp (author's transl)].

14 strains of H. paragallinarum, isolated from fowls suffering from infectious coryza or received from other investigators for comparison, and a collective consisting of 9 strains of the new species H. paravium nova species, also isolated from fowls, were shown to possess both enzymes, neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) and N-Acylneuraminate-pyruvate lyase (EC 4.1.3.3). The detection of the enzymes was made initially by paper chromatography using N-acetyl-neuraminyllactose as substrate and secondly by the colorimetric assay of Warren's thiobarbituric acid method using N-acetylneuraminyllactose, colomic acid, Na salt, bovine submaxillary mucin, human serum and furthermore N-acetyl-neuraminate as substrates for neuraminidase and N-acylneuraminate pyruvate lyase respectively. The enzyme activities of the strains of H. paravium are stronger than those of H. paragallinarum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Radiometric detection of Haemophilus in simulated blood cultures.

The radiometric detection of various Haemophilus species was studied in simulated blood cultures and in blood culture media without added blood, but supplemented with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or hemin, or both. Haemophilus aphrophilus was the only species studied that was radiometrically detectable without added blood or NAD. All other species studied (Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus haemolyticus, and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus) required either added NAD, whole blood, or washed blood cells for growth and radiometric detection. The results of this study and extensive experience with clinical specimens show that the radiometric system is an effective means of rapidly detecting Haemophilus in blood cultures, but it is essential that it be used in conjunction with a subculture three to five days after inoculation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1976

A taxonomic study of the genus Haemophilus, with the proposal of a new species.

A collection of 426 Haemophilus strains isolated from people with infectious diseases and from the normal flora of mucous membranes in humans and various animal species was studied in an attempt to revise and improve the taxonomy of the genus Haemophilus. The examinations included the determination of a number of biochemical and physiological properties, of which several had not previously been applied to the taxonomy of haemophili. The resulting data reavealed many hitherto unrecognized characters of taxonomic significance and several of the species can now be more accurately defined. The classification presented is supported by the DNA base composition of a large number of representative strains. A diagnostic key to the different taxa is presented. Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae have been subdivided into a number of biotypes. It is possible to demonstrate a relationship between the individual biotypes of H. influenzae and the origin of the strains assigned to them. The results indicate that H. aegyptius, H. parahaemolyticus and H. paraphrohaemolyticus do not merit specific status. Four unnamed taxa of V-factor-dependent haemophili have been recognized. The name Haemophilus segnis is proposed for one of these taxa, which consists mainly of strains isolated from the human oral cavity. It is demonstrated that the name H. Ducreyi has been used for different groups of bacteria, and that only one of these groups can legitimately be assigned to the genus Haemophilus. Haemolytic V-factor-dependent strains from swine, previously included in H. parahaemolyticus, are significantly different from strains of human origin and should be named H. pleuropneumoniae. None of the strains from swine and fowls were haemin-dependent. The relationships of these strains to the species H. suis and H. gallinarum, and to H. parasuis and H. paragallinarum are discussed. Haemophilus piscium is shown not to belong to the genus Haemophilus. The taxonomic position of H. aphrophilus is uncertain and its possible relationship to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans requires further study. The positive correlation found between the ecology of the strains studied and their affiliation with the different taxa is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Infectious resistance to antibiotics in Haemophilus influenzae (author's transl)].

Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae does occur now in the FRG. In one isolate a plasmid with resistance genes (R-factor) could be demonstrated as cause of the ampicillin resistance. This R-factor influences production of a beta-lactamase of the TEM type which destroys ampicillin. The infectious nature of the ampicillin resistance was proven by the fact that it was transferable to other bacterial species through cocultivation. Parallel to ampicillin resistance tetracycline resistant Haemophilus influenzae has occurred in the FRG. Here the resistance was equally bound to plasmids. These R-factors are infectious as well. Molecular analysis of the 3 isolated resistance factors in Haemophilus influenzae showed that they carry the same resistance genes which are known from R-factors of Enterobacteriaceae. In the therapy of purulent infections due to Haemophilus influenzae such as childhood meningitis one can no longer rely on general ampicillin sensitivity of the offender. Apart from ampicillin and tetracycline resistant Haemophilus influenzae chloramphenicol resistance has been observed in a few cases.

Ampicillin↗