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Equivalence of the resonating-valence-bond and fractional quantum Hall states.
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Court authorizes disclosure of physician's treatment records. State Board of Medical Examiners v. Fenwick Hall, Inc.
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Electronic states in gallium arsenide quantum wells probed by optically pumped NMR.
An optical pumping technique was used to enhance and localize nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals from an n-doped GaAs/Al0.1Ga0.9As multiple quantum well structure, permitting direct radio-frequency measurements of gallium-71 NMR spectra and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) as functions of temperature (1.6 K < T < 4.2 K) and the Landau level filling factor (0.66 < v < 1.76). The measurements reveal effects of electron-electron interactions on the energy levels and spin states of the two-dimensional electron system confined in the GaAs wells. Minima in 1/T1 at v approximately 1 and v approximately 2/3 indicate energy gaps for electronic excitations in both integer and fractional quantum Hall states. Rapid, temperature-independent relaxation at intermediate v values indicates a manifold of low-lying electronic states with mixed spin polarizations.
Landau-level mixing and extended states in the quantum Hall effect.
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Interlayer tunneling in double-layer quantum hall pseudoferromagnets.
We show that the interlayer tunneling I-V in double-layer quantum Hall states displays a rich behavior which depends on the relative magnitude of sample size, voltage length scale, current screening, disorder, and thermal lengths. For weak tunneling, we predict a negative differential conductance of a power-law shape crossing over to a sharp zero-bias peak. An in-plane magnetic field splits this zero-bias peak, leading instead to a "derivative" feature at V(B)(B(parallel)) = 2 pi Planck's over 2 pi upsilon B(parallel)d/e phi(0), which gives a direct measurement of the dispersion of the Goldstone mode corresponding to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the double-layer Hall state.
Theory of arbitrarily polarized quantum Hall states: Filling fractions and wave functions.
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Experience with National Minority Organ Tissue Transplant Education Program in the United States.
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Making research work for disabled people. A state director looks at RUS.
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Foodborne disease surveillance: Washington State.
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Scalp colonization by Trichophyton tonsurans in an urban pediatric clinic. ?Asymptomatic carrier state.
Random culturing of the scalp in 200 healthy children in a large metropolitan children's hospital revealed that eight (4%) of the patients had cultures that were positive for Trichophyton tonsurans variety sulfureum. Infections were not clinically apparent and were asymptomatic. All of the patients with positive cultures were black and six braided their hair. Trichophyton tonsurans appears to exist in an asymptomatic state in this well-defined population of children.
Thermal denaturation of ribonuclease A characterized by water 17O and 2H magnetic relaxation dispersion.
Water oxygen-17 and deuteron nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements were used to characterize ribonuclease A (RNase A) in the course of thermal denaturation at pH 2 and 4. The structure and dynamics of the protein were probed by specific long-lived water molecules, by the short-lived surface hydration, and by labile side-chain hydrogens. The NMRD data show that native RNase A contains at least three water molecules with a mean residence time of 8 ns at 27 degreesC and an activation enthalpy of ca. 40 kJ mol-1. These water molecules are identified with some or all of six ordered water molecules partly buried in surface pockets in the crystal structure of RNase A. The loss of the 17O dispersion at higher temperatures demonstrates that, in the thermally denatured protein, these surface pockets are either not present or undergoing large structural fluctuations on a subnanosecond time scale. The relaxation dispersion step vanishes monotonically and essentially in concert with the CD denaturation curves, thus ruling out the existence of equilibrium intermediates with a substantial amount of non-native and long-lived hydration water. The NMRD data show that thermally denatured RNase A has a relatively compact but highly flexible structure. The global solvent exposure and the hydrodynamic volume of the denatured protein are much less than for maximally unfolded disulfide-intact RNase A. The NMRD data show that thermal denaturation is accompanied by a large reduction of the mean-square orientational order parameter of side-chain O-H bonds, implying that, in the denatured state, these side chains sample a wide distribution of conformational states on a subnanosecond time scale.
Molecular epidemiology of foodborne hepatitis a outbreaks in the United States, 2003.
BACKGROUND: Molecular epidemiologic investigations can link geographically separate foodborne hepatitis A outbreaks but have not been used while field investigations are in progress. In 2003, outbreaks of foodborne hepatitis A were reported in multiple states. METHODS: Case-control studies were conducted in 3 states. Hepatitis A virus was sequenced from serologic specimens from individuals associated with outbreaks and from individuals concurrently ill with hepatitis A in non-outbreak settings in the United States and Mexico. RESULTS: Case-control studies in Tennessee (TN), North Carolina (NC), and Georgia (GA) found green onions to be associated with illness among restaurant patrons (TN: odds ratio [OR], 65.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 8.9-482.5; NC: OR, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.3-21.9]; GA: OR, 20.9 [95% CI, 3.9-110.3]). Viral sequences from TN case patients differed by 2 nt, compared with those from case patients in NC and GA. A third sequence, differing from the TN and GA/NC sequences by 1 nt, was identified among case patients in a subsequent outbreak in Pennsylvania. Each outbreak sequence was identical to > or =1 sequence isolated from northern Mexican resident(s) with hepatitis A. The sources of green onions served in restaurants in TN and GA were 3 farms in northern Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing viral strain surveillance facilitated the rapid implementation of control measures. Incorporation of molecular epidemiologic methods into routine hepatitis A surveillance would improve the detection of hepatitis A outbreaks and increase our understanding of hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States.
Fecal carriage of Listeria monocytogenes--observations during a community-wide, common-source outbreak.
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Correlated product distributions from ketene dissociation measured by dc sliced ion imaging.
Speed distributions of spectroscopically selected CO photoproducts of 308 nm ketene photodissociation have been measured by dc sliced ion imaging. Structured speed distributions are observed that match the clumps and gaps in the singlet CH2 rotational density of states. The effects of finite time gates in sliced ion imaging are important for the accurate treatment of quasicontinuous velocity distributions extending into the thickly sliced and fully projected regime, and an inversion algorithm has been implemented for the special case of isotropic fragmentation. With accurate velocity calibration and careful treatment of the velocity resolution, the new method allows us to characterize the coincident rotational state distribution of CH2 states as a smoothly varying deviation from an unbiased phase space theory (PST) limit, similar to a linear-surprisal analysis. High-energy rotational states of CH2 are underrepresented compared to PST in coincidence with all detected CO rotational states. There is no evidence for suppression of the fastest channels, as had been reported in two previous studies of this system by other techniques. The relative contributions of ground and first vibrationally excited singlet CH2 states in coincidence with selected rotational states of CO (upsilon=0) are well resolved and in remarkably good agreement with PST, despite large deviations from the PST rotational distributions in the CH2 fragments. At 308 nm, the singlet CH2 (upsilon2=0) and (upsilon2=1) channels are 2350 and 1000 cm(-1) above their respective thresholds. The observed vibrational branching is consistent with saturation at increasing energies of the energy-dependent suppression of rates with respect to the PST limit, attributed to a tightening variational transition state.
Quantum phase transitions across a p-wave Feshbach resonance.
We study a single-species polarized Fermi gas tuned across a narrow p-wave Feshbach resonance. We show that in the course of a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-BCS crossover, the system can undergo a magnetic-field-tuned quantum phase transition from a px-wave to a px+ipy-wave superfluid. The latter state, that spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry, furthermore undergoes a topological px+ipy to px+ipy transition at zero chemical potential mu. In two dimensions, for mu > 0 it is characterized by a Pfaffian ground state exhibiting topological order and non-Abelian excitations familiar from fractional quantum Hall systems.
Public health consequences of hazardous substance releases.
Information collected on events and public health consequences can indicate trends in temporal and spatial distribution, chemical releases, and morbidity and mortality of emergency events. This knowledge will be useful in training first responders, planning preparedness for such events, and formulation of guidelines and policies. The impact of such training or policies should reduce both the number of events (primary prevention) and the morbidity and mortality associated with these events (secondary prevention). HSEES is the first comprehensive, state-based surveillance system of hazardous substance releases and public health consequences. Successful implementation of the system requires an active, state-based approach that uses multiple data sources and collects information in a consistent format. Good working relationships between agencies are of paramount importance for obtaining notification about events and information for the lengthy data-collection form. The system is more sensitive in recording hazardous substance releases than any existing single national database, as shown through quality-control evaluations in which HSEES data are compared with events reported to other databases. Consistency in data reporting is further evaluated by case studies sent to states on a regular basis. The five states that participated during the first 2 years of surveillance were not randomly selected. However, with additional states participating in HSEES, the representativeness of surveillance data will improve for making national estimates.