PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Hepatology”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2025

Foundations of Artificial Intelligence in Hepatology: What a Clinician Needs to Know.

This review focuses on foundational knowledge about artificial intelligence (AI) in hepatology, exploring how AI, including machine learning and deep learning, leverages large-scale clinical data to transform the diagnosis, risk assessment, prognostication, and management of liver diseases. Online resources are described to offer fundamental AI knowledge and essential technical skills and to facilitate clinician participation across the entire AI lifecycle, ensuring they contribute not only as end users but also in development and deployment. Unlike traditional statistical approaches that prioritize interpretable parameters and clinical insight, AI focuses on maximizing predictive accuracy by identifying complex, often non-linear patterns using high-dimensional data, albeit often at the cost of model interpretability. AI is demonstrating clinical utility in liver histopathology and radiological imaging, significantly improving detection accuracy for cirrhosis, clinically significant portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Beyond diagnostics, AI-driven prediction models are emerging to provide personalized risk stratification for the development of liver-related complications and treatment guidance, based on complex data including longitudinal laboratory results, comorbidities, and co-medication use to monitor disease progression and therapy response. The field is rapidly expanding into novel areas such as analyzing patient-reported outcomes, genomic data, and real-time liver function monitoring, offering deeper mechanistic insights alongside clinical tools. Despite the potential to revolutionize hepatology practice and research, successful integration into routine care faces challenges. These include seamless workflow integration with existing electronic health records, establishing clear liability frameworks, and guaranteeing protection of patient privacy. Addressing these hurdles requires collaborative efforts from clinicians, researchers, and regulators to develop best practices and governance. Understanding the transformative capabilities, current applications, emerging frontiers, and essential implementation considerations is crucial for clinicians navigating the evolving AI landscape and responsibly utilizing its power for improved patient outcomes.

PROBAST+AI↗
PubMed1979

[Hepatologic dispensaire for blood donors].

By means of hepatological examinations of 119 blood donors who became conspicuous by liver screenings in 57 cases we could prove an adipose degeneration without, in 16 cases a fatty degeneration of the liver without, in 9 cases an adipose degeneration with and in 15 cases a fatty degeneration of the liver with mesenchymal reaction. Only 9 blood donors had normal liver findings. 90% of the punctured blood donors had an overweight up to a maximum of 35 kg in comparison to the ideal weight. 30% of the punctured patients admitted a clearly increased daily consumption of alcoholic beverages. By means of repeated punctures on 24 blood donors after 8 to 32 months after an adequate consultation in three cases a normalisation and in eight cases an improvement of the liver findings could be proved. In 13 cases the findings remained unchanged, also the anamnestic and clinical findings corresponded to this. In 2 blood donors by means of a threefold liver puncture in the observation period of 48 months also a clear retrogression of the liver findings was proved. With this was also connected the reduction of overweight and the avoiding of alcohol. Thus our investigations confirmed that overweight and abuse of alcohol are essential factors for the development of a fatty degeneration of the liver. Of an infectious hepatitis reported in the anamnesis in 10 blood donors histologically in no case residues were established. Thus the liver dispensary is of great importance for the care of blood donors who become conspicuous by screening tests. On the one hand the importance is referred to the blood donor himself, on the other hand to the group of donors. Blood donors taken out of the group could again be included in the special group, when after the exclusion of known noxae the retrogression of unspecific liver changes took place.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Toward AI Virtual Cells for Hepatology: Representation, Generation, Dynamics, and Intervention in Single-Cell Models.

``Single-cell and spatial atlases describe the healthy and diseased liver at high resolution, including lobular hepatocyte zonation, fibrotic macrophage-stellate niches, cholangiocyte reactions, immune remodeling, and hepatocellular carcinoma ecosystems. These maps show where cell states occur but do not, by themselves, predict whether liver injury will progress or how the liver will respond to an untested drug, toxicant, or genetic perturbation. In this review, we organize current approaches toward an AI Virtual Cell (AIVC) for the liver into three complementary modeling routes. Generative models represent cell states, dynamics and transport models infer state transitions, and pretrained or foundation models test whether learned representations transfer across donors, etiologies, disease stages, and platforms. Perturbation-response prediction serves as a cross-cutting assessment of whether these layers can predict responses to untested genetic, chemical, inflammatory, or metabolic interventions. Available evidence can be categorized as direct liver validation, liver-included benchmarks, general single-cell evidence, and conceptual applications. Published models demonstrate individual components, including atlas integration, inferred trajectories, transferable representations, and retrospective response programs. However, these models do not constitute a prospectively validated liver simulator. At minimum, evaluation should include donor-, etiology-, stage-, platform-, and perturbation-level hold-outs. Model performance should be reported using response direction, recovery of differentially expressed genes and rare states, and calibrated uncertainty. Claims about tissue- or function-level prediction additionally require independent spatial, histologic, metabolic, and functional readouts. Near-term use should prioritize experiment selection and hypothesis generation, whereas clinical decision support remains a longer-term objective.

AI Virtual Cell↗
PubMed1978

[Hepatology and immunology].

Immunologic diseases of the liver are exogenous mostly initiated by virus or endogenous initiated by autoaggression. All virus-induced kinds of hepatitis are due to an immune response against inocculated hepatocytes. Therefore the hepatitis is limited to the period of complete elimination of virus-infected cells. A strong immune response therefore corresponds with an acute and short hepatitis whilest a weak immune response develops a chronic hepatitis. In contrast, autoimmune hepatitis based on a disorder of the immune system with some genetic background is always unlimited. Each cirrhosis developing from immunologic hepatitis is also an immunologic disease; a special variant is the autoimmune primary biliary cirrhosis. All in all, the number of immunologic liver diseases surmounts the remaining liver diseases due to intoxication of metabolic disorders.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

[New aspects of clinical hepatology (author's transl)].

Studies of the enzymes participating in the urea cycle and urine synthesis in the liver punctate show that typical changes occur in the enzyme pattern during chronic liver diseases which yield new starting points for the diagnostic classification and prognostic assessment. From studies on the metabolism of the bile acids it appears that, among the conditions for cholestasis, a fetal snythetic pathway for the bile acids with primary side chain oxidation of the cholesterol is followed, and intrahepatic monohydroxy-bile acids are formed. The pathogenetic significance of these bile acids for cholestasis is discussed.

Argininosuccinate Synthase↗
PubMed1979

The physiologic basis for clearance measurements in hepatology.

Three hepatic clearance regimes (flow-limited, general, and enzyme-limited) can be defined from a model of hepatic perfusion-elimination relationships. Substances that can be used for clearance measurements can thus be classified into three categories according to the relation between their kinetic elimination constants (Vmax, Km) and hepatic blood flow. The pathophysiologic and clinical importance of the clearance regimes is discussed with special emphasis on the effect of changes in hepatic blood flow and liver function. The criteria for choosing test substances within each regime are stated. This choice depends on the object of study for a clearance measurement (blood flow, drug elimination, liver function). Only the enzyme-limited clearance regime is suited for direct assessment of quantitative liver function ('true clearance'), while the other regimes depend more or less on blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Hepatological aspects of surgical interventions in the stomach].

By means of quantitative-biochemical and histomorphological methods after vagotomies changes of the liver could be proved to a smaller extent than after resections of the stomach (Billroth II). Among the bionomic operation methods the supra-selective proximal vagotomy without pylorplastics is superior to other methods under the aspect of the change of the liver.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1976

The new look into the gastrointestinal tract.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy has proved to be the most accurate method of diagnosing disese of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic technics already are being employed for the treatment of gastric polyps. Experimental work on endoscopic treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is under way in several medical centers. A variety of methods are being tested: laser photocoagulation, suture clip placement and the use of bioco+mpatible tissue glues. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography now is established as a useful technic in the diagnosis of biliary tract disease. Its diagnostic usefulness in the pancreas is confined to certain diseases in which it is desirable to determine the need for operative intervention. The initial success of endoscopic papillotomy and stone extraction promises further future therapeutic uses for ERCP. Colonoscopy may well prove to be the most useful of the gastrointestinal endoscopic methods. It is particularly helpful in diagnosing colonic cancer, in determining the source of occult colonic bleeding and in providing information regarding idiopathic colonic inflammatory disease. The success of polypectomy indicates the possibility of substituting endoscopic treatment for invasive surgery. Laparoscopy in conscious patients is a well-established technic that is useful in gastroenterology, hepatology, oncology and gynecology. Its usefulness has long been appreciated in other countries and the method merits wide use in the United States. Endoscopy is a rapidly changing and evolving field. This monograph has attempted to outline the current state of the art, but many changes are expected in the next 5-10 years.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗