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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The family history method: whose psychiatric history is measured?

OBJECTIVE: The family history method, in which an informant is asked about the history of psychiatric illness in relatives, is widely used in psychiatric research. Previous research has examined the influence on family history information of characteristics of the relative. In this report, the authors seek to clarify the impact on family history reporting of the psychiatric history of the informant. METHOD: Both members of female twin pairs from a population-based twin registry were asked about the history of major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and alcoholism in their mother and father. The authors examined twin pairs discordant for each of the three diagnoses and predicted that the affected twin would report higher rates of the same disorder in her parent than would the unaffected twin. RESULTS: Twins with a history of major depression or generalized anxiety disorder but not twins with alcoholism were significantly more likely to report the same disorder in their parents than were their unaffected co-twins. CONCLUSIONS: For major depression and generalized anxiety disorder, a family history diagnosis appears to reflect the psychiatric history of both the relative and the informant. Caution may be needed in the interpretation of results based on the family history method, although the magnitude of this problem may be attenuated by the use of multiple informants.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. III. Case histories and combinations of case histories, skin tests and the radioallergosorbent test, RAST, compared with provocation tests.

Case histories alone and combined with the results of skin tests and/or the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were compared with the results of provocation tests in 397 patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis. Case histories often turned out to be doubtful. The agreement between negative histories and negative provocation tests was 77% and that between positive histories and positive provocation tests 64%. When case histories were supported by concordant skin test or RAST results, the agreement with provocation tests increased to about 90%. When a scoring system for the combinations of different diagnostic methods was employed, a 100% agreement with provocation tests was obtained for cases with high scores. It is concluded that by using the case history in conjunction with RAST and/or skin test results, a reliable diagnosis can be achieved, eliminating the necessity of provocation tests.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

Lung cancer in women: the importance of smoking, family history of cancer, and medical history of respiratory disease.

The importance of smoking and other factors for lung cancer in women was investigated in a case-control study of women who had previously received a multiphasic health checkup at Northern California Kaiser Hospitals. Smoking and medical histories for 217 cases and matched controls were obtained from the multiphasic questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) associated with cigarette smoking were 35.1 (95% CI 4.8-256) for squamous and small cell and large cell carcinomas combined and 2.5 (95% CI 1.3-5.1) for adenocarcinoma. After adjusting for smoking, risk was increased in women with a family history of lung cancer (OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.7-5.6) and family history of any cancer (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2). A significant interaction existed between smoking and family history. Women with a history of bronchitis, pneumonia, or emphysema were at increased risk, whereas women with a history of asthma or hay fever experienced a significantly lower risk for lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatry and history: aspects of history of psychiatry.

Psychiatry has asked and has been helped from many sides. As far as history is concerned, it was interested, almost exclusively, as long as it was history of psychiatry. In this paper an attempt has been made to show that history and, especially, philosophy of history could offer substantial help, particularly as teachers of methodology and hermeneutics.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

History of obstetric complications, family history, and CT scan findings in schizophrenic patients.

It has been proposed that obstetric complications (OCs) are more common in patients with nonfamilial schizophrenia, and associated with lateral ventricular enlargement in such patients. We examined the relations among OCs, family history of schizophrenia or bipolar mood disorder, and lateral ventricular size and cortical sulcal prominence in 44 schizophrenic patients. A history of OCs was not related to an absence of a family history of schizophrenia, ventricle-brain ratio, or cortical sulcal prominence. None of the CT findings was related to family history.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early history of pediatrics in Mecklenburg. 1: On the history of Mecklenburg--medical service and child welfare--the school system].

Since no complete description of public child care and pediatric activities in Mecklenburg has been given in the past, the present publication is intended to do more than fill an existing gab in regional pediatric history. Starting with a brief outline of the history of Mecklenburg, it describes in addition the development of medical legislation, medical, personnel, child care facilities, care for the poor and education, and the work of Mecklenburg's first creche in Schwerin.

Child↗
PubMed1970

Manuscripts and oral history: common interests and problems in the history of medicine.

The acceptance of the tape-recorded interview as a research tool and historical record in the history of medicine suggests some problems both for the researcher with respect to resource materials and for the repository. A direct relationship exists between manuscript collections and the oral history product, and it would be in the interest of the oral historian, the curator of manuscripts, and the repository if a unified conceptual approach were taken in the acquisition and preservation of manuscript records and oral history interviews.

History, Modern 1601-↗
PubMed1978

History of recurrent sore throat as an indication for tonsillectomy. Predictive limitations of histories that are undocumented.

As part of a prospective study of indications for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, we followed closely 65 children with histories of recurrent throat infection that seemed impressive (at least seven episodes in one year, five in each of two consecutive years or three in each of three consecutive years), but lacked documentation. During the first year of observation, only 11 children (17 per cent) had episodes of throat infection with clinical features and patterns of frequency conforming to those described in their presenting histories. Of the remaining 54 children, 43 (80 per cent) experienced no, one or two observed episodes each, and most of the episodes were mild. We conclude that undocumented histories of recurrent throat infection do not validly forecast subsequent experience and hence do not constitute an adequate basis for subjecting children to tonsillectomy.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1991

Cognitive performance of alcoholics: a longitudinal evaluation of the role of drinking history, depression, liver function, nutrition, and family history.

To assess the role of drinking history, depression, liver function, nutrition, and family history on cognitive performance, 171 detoxified male alcoholics were administered a brief neuropsychological examination at admission and discharge from an inpatient treatment program and at a 3-month follow-up evaluation. Regression analyses showed that at admission, depression and liver function were significant predictors of neuropsychological performance, whereas at discharge 3 to 4 weeks later only age and an estimate of premorbid intelligence were significant predictors. At the 3-month follow-up, estimates of drinking following discharge and severity of depressive symptoms were major significant predictors of neuropsychological performance. Indices of drinking prior to admission to the treatment program, nutrition, and family history for alcoholism did not predict performance on any of the three test occasions. These findings indicate that in addition to the chronic neurotoxic effect of alcohol a number of different medical and psychiatric factors, as well as the acute effects of alcohol, contribute to the cognitive scores of patients at various points in the clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The history of dandruff and dandruff in history. A homage to Raymond Sabouraud].

In one of his books, written at the beginning of this century, Raymond Sabouraud devotes some 280 pages to the history of dandruff. Their reading illustrates how, from the Greeks to Sabouraud's era, this desquamative disease has been subjected to endless doctrinal and scientific conflicts, long before the so-called "present" controversies. One of the early conflicts, between Celsus and Galen, lies in the nature of the squames, i. e. dry or exudating, leading to the inclusion (or non inclusion) or pityriasis in the group of desquamative diseases, such as psoriasis or ichytosis. Translated into Latin (furfur, porrigo) and into Arabic, the word pityriasis was replaced in the Middle Age by tinea which then referred to any disease of the human scalp. With Plenk, Lorry, Willan and others, the 18th century brought a new attitude of mind where observation took precedence over doctrine, but owing to the lack of experimental approach there was no adequate description of the squames and their anatomical origin. This was the case with Hebra who, in the 19th century, claimed that dandruff was nothing but a sebaceous disease. This major turn resulted for decades in a confusion between dandruff and seborrhoea. In the late 19th century, bacteriological studies were decisive steps taken by Rivolta, Malassez and Sabouraud. The presence on scalps affected with dandruff of a bottle-shaped "fungus" (Pityrosporum ovale was initially not regarded as a yeast) was taken as being the definite cause of the disease. The Sabouraud dogma was born, but as early as 1877 it was denied by Vidal who observed these "spores" on healthy scalps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Dermatology↗
PubMed1991

Family history and pathophysiological mechanisms of primary hypertension. Studies in non-hypertensive young men with positive and negative family histories of hypertension.

In an attempt to explore pathophysiological mechanisms relevant for the development for future primary hypertension, we investigated young normotensive men with positive family histories of hypertension (PFH) regarding blood pressure, body weight, systemic and renal haemodynamics as well as cardiovascular hormones and sodium homeostasis. Sixteen subjects with PFH and thirteen controls with negative family histories (NFH), matched for age and body weight were investigated at age 31 and after five years. Blood pressure and heart rate did not differ between the two groups at the first or follow-up examination. At follow-up body weight had increased and a positive correlation between blood pressure and body mass index was found in subjects with PFH, while subjects with NFH had unchanged blood pressure and body weight. Initially, intraerythrocyte sodium content was increased in subjects with PFH, however, at follow-up intraerythrocyte sodium content did not differ between the two groups. At follow-up systemic and renal haemodynamics and sodium homeostasis were investigated in fifteen subjects with PFH and in twenty-nine controls matched for age (36 +/- 5 year) and with NFH. The control group was divided into one group matched for body mass index (n = 15) and one group with normal body mass index (n = 14). Blood pressure and central venous pressure were measured during bolus injections of phenylephrine and during an acute saline/fluid load (1000ml 0.9% NaCl within 10 min). Renal haemodynamics and blood pressure were measured during low doses (0.1 and 0.5 ng/min/kg) continuous infusions of angiotensin II (AII). At baseline blood pressure, body weight and sodium excretion were higher in subjects with PFH and matched controls as compared with lean controls. Calf and forearm haemodynamics (pletysmography), plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, blood volume and erythrocyte sodium efflux rate constant did not differ between the three groups. Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide was higher in subjects with PFH than in the two control groups. In subjects with PFH there was a negative correlation between renal sodium excretion at baseline and the ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux rate constant. During the acute saline/fluid load central venous pressure and systolic blood pressure increased more and venous vascular compliance (ml/mmHg/kg) was reduced in PFH. Atrial natriuretic peptide release and renal sodium excretion were blunted during saline/fluid load in subjects with PFH as compared with the two control groups. Renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance did not differ at baseline. Glomerular filtration rate was somewhat higher in PFH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

History's future: reflections on lesbian and gay history in the community.

From its beginnings in the nineteenth century, the lesbian and gay political movement has been linked to a search for lesbian and gay history. In the post-Stonewall period, community-based historians have been fostering interest in the lesbian and gay past and developing distinctive forms for disseminating their research--in particular, the lesbian/gay archive, the slide-lecture presentation, and the community-based audience. Analyzing the content of these forms reveals how the fascination of the artifact, the image, and the Other fosters the construction of both knowledge and identity. It is these forms of knowledge, rather than their content as such, that are in danger of being forgotten as lesbian and gay studies becomes academically institutionalized.

Female↗