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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Sex-role self-concepts of homosexual men and their attitudes toward both women and male homosexuality.

A nonclinical sample of 88 homosexual males responded to a questionnaire that assessed their sex-role self-concept and their attitudes toward both women and male homosexuality. Results indicated that in terms of socially valued masculine and feminine characteristics, the majority of homosexual males viewed themselves as predominantly androgynous. These respondents also favored equality between the sexes, reflecting positive attitudes toward women. Similarly, those homosexual men who supported equality between the sexes also held more positive attitudes toward male homosexuality.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hepatitis B antigen and antibody in a male homosexual population.

Sera from 600 male homosexual patients were tested for hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag) and its antibody (HBs Ab). Thirty-one men (5-2%) were positive for HBs Ag. Testing for HBs Ab by immuno-osmoelectrophoresis 33 men (5-5%) were positive. However, sera of 85 patients negative for HBs Ab by routine methods were examined for HBs Ab by radioimmune assay. Thirty (35%) sera were found to be positive. No absolute correlation between the detection of HBs Ag, or previous history of hepatitis, jaundice, or current hepatitis was found. Similarly there was little correlation between presence of HBs Ab and this history. These observations suggest that the male homosexual population represents a pool of individuals within which the hepatitis B virus is readily transmitted, mainly as a subclinical infection although clinical hepatitis does occur in some patients. It is suggested that further work is necessary to determine whether the high antibody rate in male homosexuals is related more to sexual practice than to promiscuity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Liver disease among homosexual males.

5% of 2612 homosexual males attending genitourinary clinics were found to be hepatitis-B surface-antigen (HBsAg) positive. Liver biopsy was done in 25 who had abnormal liver-function tests but no symptoms or signs of liver disease, and 14 (56%) of these proved to have chronic active hepatitis or active cirrhosis. Neither the liver-function tests nor the viral markers in serum reflected the severity of the liver disease. 38% of a group of 118 HBsAg positive patients were HBeAg positive, and sexual contacts of these individuals may be at serious risk of infection.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1978

Heterosexual experience, marital status, and orientation of homosexual males.

The penile volume responses of homosexual males to pictures of nude women and men were measured and related to the subjects' marital status and experience of heterosexual intercourse. Single subjects with no experience of heterosexual intercourse and married subjects with a history of intercourse with only their wives showed significantly greater response to pictures of men compared to pictures of women than did single subjects with experience of heterosexual intercourse and married subjects with experience of intercourse with women additional to their wives. It was concluded that extensive experience of heterosexual intercourse with one partner did not reduce homosexual responsiveness as measured by subjects' penile response to pictures of nude men and women. It was further concluded that some homosexual males showed physiological evidence of a degree of bisexuality in addition to the behavioral evidence that they sought heterosexual physical relationships.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Childhood indicators of male homosexuality.

Questionnaires were administered to 206 male homosexuals and 78 male heterosexuals. The most important aspects of the questionnaire dealt with six "childhood indicators" of later adult homosexuality: (1) interest in dolls, (2) cross-dressing, (3) preference for company of girls rather than boys in childhood games, (4) preference for company of older women rather than older men, (5) being regarded by other boys as a sissy, (6) sexual interest in other boys rather than girls in childhood sex play. Significant differences were found between homosexuals and heterosexuals with respect to all six indicators. Moreover, it was found that the stronger one's homosexual orientation the greater was the number of childhood indicators. It is concluded that there are behavioral aspects related to one's sexual orientation which may begin to emerge early in childhood.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Male homosexuality: perversion, deviation or variant?

Male homosexuality has complex determinants: biological, psychological, social, cultural and situational factors may be relevant, either inhibiting hetereosexuality or leading towards homosexuality. Environmental factors seem paramount, particularly significant early relationships, usually within the family. Especially implicated are the personalities and interaction of the parents, recent interest being especially in the father's role. Also relevant is the family as a complex social system and the modes of communication within it, both verbal and non-verbal. Social research and sociopolitical pressures have helped to liberalize attitudes to homosexually 'deviant' behaviour but have not added significantly to its understanding. Many factors are involved in determining whether homosexual men seek therapy and reach a particular therapist. These factors relate to the patient's and therapist's personalities; to different therapeutic philosophies and therapeutic goals; and to the formal and informal referral networks in society.

Freudian Theory↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of perceived societal hostility, conformity, and psychological adjustment in homosexual males.

The present study examined the relationship between the perception by homosexual males of positive or negative societal reaction to homosexuality (PSR), their degree of conformity to heterosexual norms, and their degree of psychological adjustment. In this study respondents with high PSR were those who perceived negative societal reaction to homosexuality. Respondents with low PSR were those who perceived positive societal reaction. The study differentiated between the effects of putative societal reaction and actual societal reaction and was based on a three-group sample of homosexual men who (a) were, (b) had been, or (c) had never been heterosexually married. Findings showed that putative societal reaction was a critical variable producing conformity and psychological maladjustment in homosexual males.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Male homosexual behavior and ego function strategies in the group encounter.

This paper analyzes characteristic patterns of interaction by male homosexuals in the group treatment context according to both psychodynamic and behavioral criteria. Extensive clinical observation has yielded an overview of high probability homosexual response in group settings to the masculine male, older male, feminine male, feminine female, older feminine female, and masculine female. The nature of self-exploration and expression of intimacy is affected deeply by certain key intrapsychic factors and subtle situational cues. The paper stresses the critical importance associated with group leaders acquiring an understanding of antecedents to personality deficits in male homosexuals.

Ego↗
PubMed1979

A cross-cultural perspective on theory and research on male homosexuality.

In an effort to uncover useful directions for future research, this paper examines the cross-cultural data on male homosexuality in light of various theories that might account for its variation. Looking first at different psychological explanations, the study suggests that the sex of one's childhood companions may be an important factor in the origin of homosexuality. Two possible explanations for an association between male homosexuality and mixed-sex playgroups are offered: In one, gender identity serves as an intervening variable; in the other, the notion that "familiarity breeds contempt" is studied. A cultural materialist theory, which views homosexuality as adaptive under conditions of population pressure, is shown to be supported by the correlation between a society's natalist policy and its attitudes toward homosexuality.

Attitude↗
PubMed1977

Venereal transmission of enteric pathogens in male homosexuals. Two case reports.

In two cases there was simultaneous or sequential occurrence of amebiasis, shigellosis, and giardiasis in male homosexuals. Enteric pathogens may, under the proper conditions, be venereally transmitted. In particular, the sexual practices of male homosexuals, most significantly, oral-anal contact, appear to provide the necesseary link for transmission. Evidence suggests that this is a growing problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Self-concept and psychological adjustment differences between self-identified male transsexuals and male homosexuals.

Self-concept and adjustment data from anatomical males seeking sexual reassignment surgery were compared with that from a male homosexual group. Findings indicated that the homosexual group had a better self-image and was better adjusted than the sex change group. Other findings are presented that reinforce the view that the norm violations in homosexuality and transsexualism do not necessarily imply serious character damage.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Day-to-day variations in serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in homosexual males.

Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone in sera of eight homosexual males and a matched control group were determined every second day during one month. Significant day-to-day variations in serum levels of FSH and a reversed LH area/FSH area ratio among homosexuals were found. There were no significant differences between homosexuals and controls in relation to the average levels of the tested hormones nor the average area and variance of LH and testosterone. It is suggested that a single blood sample for each subject is not enough for hormonal evaluation of homosexuals. It is suggested that the present findings may point to some defect in the gonadotropin regulation in male homosexuals.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Chronic hepatitis B infection in male homosexuals.

Ten cases of hepatitis B virus infection were identified among asymptomatic male homosexuals. These patients shared a number of characteristics: A subclinical origin and course of infection; Persistence of HGsAg for periods exceeding six to 25 months; Persistent GPT elevation of two to five times upper normal limit; Morphological changes in the liver with portal and parenchymal inflammation (chronic persistent hepatitis, six cases; non-specific reactive hepatitis, 2 cases; cirrhosis and acute hepatitis with signs of chronicity, one case each). HBeAg was found in six cases, anti-HBe in none. These results indicate that screening for hepatitis B should be performed whenever these individuals come under medical attention in order to detect asymptomatic chronic liver diseases and to detect these silent vectors of an infection that presently shows an increased frequency among homosexuals.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1978

Satisfaction in male homosexual couples.

Little information exists regarding factors in the satisfaction and stability of male homosexual relationships. On the basis of interviews with 14 male couples an open-ended questionnaire was developed concerning gay couples' relationships. This questionnaire and a modified version of the Marital Relationship Inventory, called here the Couples Relationship Inventory (CRI), were administered to 28 couples who described themselves as in a primary, relatively long-term relationship. Couples' descriptions of the successfulness of their relationships in conventional, heterosexual-oriented terms on the CRI were similar to their descriptions on the more homosexual-oriented, open-ended questionnaire. The study is seen as providing a point of departure for future research on gay relationships and the behavior transactions that may differentiate satisfying from unsatisfying relationships.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

On "doing" and "being" gay: sexual behavior and homosexual male self-identity.

The possible relationships between sexual behavior and homosexual male self-identity are examined within a symbolic interactionist frame-work. The presence or absence of definitions of homosexuality, the nature of these definitions, and the rules learned by the individual for their application to himself and others determined how he perceived his feelings, his behavior, and his sexual identity. The identity histories of the men illustrate how the peer groups in which they were socialized and the behavior of their friends prevented them from defining their behavior in terms of the "homosexual pattern." They began to reinterpret their behavior as "homosexual" when they perceived changes in the behavior and definitions of their behavior by their friends, or when they came into contact with self-defined homosexuals.

Homosexuality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiopathogenesis of true male homosexuality (androgenic insufficiency?)].

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested the author the possibility that an androgenic insufficiency, during embryogenesis or the perinatal period, may be a determinant factor in the pathogenesis of the anomalies of homosexual behavior. In the author's opinion, the androgenic anomalies seen in the genuine male homosexual have no pathogenic significance, but are a repetition of what occured during embryogenesis of the perinatal period, at the time when these anomalies had a pathogenic role.

Androgens↗
PubMed1977

Male homosexual psychodynamics and the Rorschach test.

A review of contradictory findings regarding Wheeler's Rorschach content signs of male homosexuality suggested that negative findings may have resulted from a focus on homosexual populations characterized by minimal arousal of underlying unconscious conflicts. It was hypothesized that activating these unconscious psychodynamics would enhance the discriminative power of the Wheeler signs. Inkblot protocols obtained in an earlier study from matched groups of homosexuals and heterosexuals under two experimental conditions -- involving subliminal exposure of either an incest-related or a neutral control stimulus -- were scored for Wheeler signs. The incest condition brought about a significantly greater incidence of the signs in homosexual records only, suggesting that the intensification of unconscious incest wishes stimulates homosexual reactions, consonant with psychoanalytic formulations.

Adolescent↗