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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

New analyser for the determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine.

We have developed a novel analyser for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using three different types of column, cation-exchange, anion-exchange and reversed-phase and the column-switching technique. In this procedure, 10 microliters of intact urine were directly injected into the cation-exchange column, and the pass-through fraction, containing vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid was transferred to the anion-exchange column by column switching. The fraction partially purified from endogenous urinary impurities on the anion-exchange column was transferred to the reversed-phase column. Vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid, separated by the solvent-switching technique, were detected fluorimetrically (excitation at 280 nm, emission at 320 nm). Then, creatinine eluted from the cation-exchange column is spectrophotometrically detected (254 nm). Therefore the successive simultaneous analysis of the three could be performed in a 15-min cycle; the within-assay coefficients of variation for normal and patients' urines were less than 1.9%, less than 3.3% and less than 3.0% for vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and creatinine, respectively; the recoveries averaged 100, 103 and 100%, respectively, for supplemented urines.

Anions↗
PubMed1977

Improved colorimetry of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid).

Homovanillic acid is an important metabolite of dopamine, and a high proportion of patients with neuroblastoma excrete increased amounts of it in their urine. When this diagnosis is suspected, both homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid should be measured, because such a combined measurement reportedly leads to detection of 95% of cases. Although rapid and reliable chemical methods are available for vanilmandelic acid, the same is not true for homovanillic acid. We report here a colorimetric method for homovanillic acid that reasonably fills this void and that can be used in most clinical laboratories. In addition, we present normal values determined for children of various age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in dog brain.

The distribution and endogenous concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid were determined in the brains of adult dogs. Norepinephrine and epinephrine were localized primarily in 'central core' areas in brain stem and hypothalamus. Dopamine (DA) and its major metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acids (HVA), were localized primarily in basal ganglia with relatively high concentrations also found in amygdala, septum and substantia nigra. HVA was also found in relatively high concentrations in areas where DA concentrations was very low. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid levels were highest in brain stem, hypothalamus, globus pallidus and nucleus accumbens. Epinephrine levels were higher than in previously studied species, at times as much as 25-30% of norepinephrine and frequently greater than dopamine in brain stem and hypothalamus. Using the ratios 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid/serotonin and homovanillic acid/dopamine as indicators of serotonin and dopamine turnover and utilization, both putative transmitters were found to be generally more highly utilized in areas of lower concentration, especially in brain stem and cortex. Catecholamines were found to be unconjugated in dog brain. DOPAC and HVA were found to exist primarily in the unconjugated form. DOPAC was found to be slightly conjugated in most areas while 10-20% of HVA was present in the conjugated form in most cases.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1975

The estimation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and homo-isovanillic acid in nervous tissue by gas-liquid chromatography and electron capture detection.

1 A gas chromatographic method using electron capture detection is described for the estimation of three acidic metabolites of dopamine, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homo-isovanillic acid, iso-HVA). The method is based on the formation of the trifluoroacetyl-hexafluoroisopropyl derivatives of the three acids. 2 The method has been applied to the estimation of DOPAC, HVA and iso-HVA in tissues from the central and peripheral nervous systems.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Simultaneous determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, dopamine, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylalanine, norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat cerebrospinal fluid and brain by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

A method using reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the simultaneous determination of tryptophan (TRP), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and their metabolites in whole brain, small-brain parts, and cerebrospinal fluid of rats has been developed. The sample preparation requires only homogenization in perchloric acid and centrifugation before injection onto the column. With a LiChrosorb RP-18 (10 micrometer) column and a mobile phase consisting of a phosphate (NaH2PO4, 0.1 M)-methanol mixture with octylsulfonate (2.6 x 10(-3) M) at pH 3.35 and 26 degrees C, the separation of DOPA, dopamine, norepinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylalanine, TRP, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was achieved. The method has been applied to study the effect of alpha-monofluoromethyldopa alone and in combination with L-DOPA or L-5-HTP, on the catechol and 5-OH indole levels in brain and CSF of the rat.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of creatinine, vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and uric acid in urine by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

A simultaneous determination of vanilmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, creatinine and uric acid using capillary electrophoresis was investigated. The optimum conditions of buffer concentration, pH and surfactant concentration were studied, and high resolution was obtained using a 30 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 150 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The detection was by UV absorbance at 245 nm and the column was a fused-silica capillary of 67 cm x 75 microm I.D.. The determination of these metabolites in human urine was completed within 15 min without any interferences.

Buffers↗
PubMed1987

Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid in urine, using isocratic elution and electrochemical detection.

A method for the simultaneous measurement of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine is described. Based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, the procedure employs isocratic elution, thus making it suitable for use in the less well-equipped clinical or research laboratory. A simple extraction of the acids from acidified urine into ethyl acetate, is followed by evaporating to dryness a portion of the organic layer, and redissolving the residue in chromatographic mobile phase. Up to 20 samples can be analysed in a single working day. The method is validated and the results obtained are compared with reference methods. The cause of contamination of the glassy carbon surface of the working electrode is investigated, and a simple electrochemical pretreatment is described that overcomes this problem. Finally, the extra clinical information that can be derived from multi-metabolite assays is considered.

Biogenic Amines↗
PubMed1982

Correlation between high-performance liquid chromatography and automated fluorimetric methods for the determination of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in nervous tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.

The correlation between automated fluorimetric methods and high-performance liquid chromatography is described for the determination of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid, and for dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in striata of rat brain. The automated fluorimetric methods for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid showed a good correlation with the high-performance liquid chromatographic methodology. The fluorimetric determination for dopamine was somewhat less reliable than the high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. The fluorimetric assay for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid correlated poorly with the chromatographic method.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysing human plasma serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid.

The simultaneous measurement of homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human plasma by an ultrafiltration and microbore high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection technique is established. Conventional preparation of blood is very tedious and time-consuming, but isocratic separation of the analytes in plasma ultrafiltrates using a microbore column could be achieved within 10 min. Hence, theoretically, over 140 analyses can be performed in a working day. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of this method is about 0.1-0.5 pg per injection for all analytes. The required volume of plasma samples can be less than 100 microliters. Hence, blood loss is minimal, especially in repeated blood sampling. This rapid, simple and sensitive method can, therefore, be used as a routine clinical tool in the simultaneous measurement of plasma homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed2000

The potent, selective mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 increases extracellular levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in the medial prefrontal cortex of the freely moving rat.

Previous work has shown that the potent, selective metabotropic glutamate mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 acts like the atypical antipsychotic clozapine in behavioral assays. To investigate further the potential antipsychotic actions of this agent, we examined the effects of LY379268 using microdialysis in awake, freely moving rats, on extracellular levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) in rat medial prefrontal cortex. Systemic LY379268 increased extracellular levels of dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA in a dose-dependent, somewhat delayed manner. LY379268 (3 mg/kg s.c. ) increased levels of dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA to 168, 170, 169, and 151% of basal, respectively. Clozapine (10 mg/kg) also increased dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA levels, with increases of 255, 262, and 173%, respectively, but was without effect on extracellular 5-HIAA levels by 3 mg/kg LY379268 were reversed by the selective mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist LY341495 (1 mg/kg). Furthermore, LY379268 (3 mg/kg)-evoked increases in DOPAC and HVA were partially blocked and the increase in 5-HIAA was completely blocked by local application of 3 microM tetrodotoxin. Therefore, we have demonstrated that mGlu2/3 receptor agonists activate dopaminergic and serotonergic brain pathways previously associated with the action of atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine and other psychiatric agents.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Effects of halothane anaesthesia on extracellular levels of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in rat striatum: a microdialysis study.

The effects of halothane anaesthesia on striatal extracellular levels of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) were investigated in microdialysis experiments. Induction of anaesthesia was accompanied by a rapid increase in dopamine levels and a slower increase in DOPAC and HVA. 5HIAA was not affected. The reduction of dopamine levels induced by apomorphine 0.05 mg/kg appeared with a shorter latency in conscious rats than in anaesthetised rats but the maximum decrease was unaffected by anaesthesia. The decreases in dopamine and DOPAC induced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine 50 mg/kg were affected in opposite directions by halothane: the dopamine reduction was more pronounced while the DOPAC reduction was less pronounced in anaesthetized than in conscious animals. In no case was a qualitative shift in the response observed. It is concluded that halothane may influence the levels of dopamine as well as the response to dopaminergic drugs.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1981

Determination of picomole amounts of dopamine, noradrenaline, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in nervous tissue after one-step purification on Sephadex G-10, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a novel type of electrochemical detection.

A determination of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in nervous tissue is described. The method is based on a rapidly performed isolation of DA, NA, DOPA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA from one single nervous tissue sample on small columns of Sephadex G-10, followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. A new type of electrochemical detector based on a rotating disk electrode (RDE) was used. The rotating disc electrode was found to be a reliable and sensitive amperometric detector with several advantages over the currently used thin-layer cells. The detector appeared very useful for routine analysis. Practical details are given for the routine use of the RDE. Brain samples containing no more than 75-150 pg (DA, DOPA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA) or 500 pg (NA) could be reproducibly assayed with high recovery (approx. 85%) and precision (approx. 5%), without the use of internal standards. Endogenous concentrations of DA, NA, DOPA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA were determined in eight brain structures.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous liquid-chromatographic determination of urinary vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

We describe a liquid-chromatographic method for quantifying, simultaneously by a single procedure, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in urine. After solvent extraction of acidified urine, the analytes were chromatographed on a C8 column, with use of a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (20 mmol/L, pH 4.0) and methanol with a variable gradient elution, and detected fluorometrically. We report the analytical recovery, sensitivity, precision, working linear range, and potential for interference from similar molecules or drugs. The results of such tests demonstrate that the proposed method is sensitive and reproducible. It is, furthermore, easy to perform, and thus is suitable for use in the clinical laboratory.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1977

Comparative study of urinary excretion rates of para-hydroxy-mandelic acid, homovanillic acid, vanylmandelic acid in cirrhotic patients with and without encephalopathy.

A comparative study of urinary excretion of octopamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline catabolic products, respectively parahydroxymandelic acid (PHMA) homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanylmandelic acid (VMA) was carried out in 27 cirrhotic patients with (11) and without (16) porto-systemic encephalopathy (P.S.E). PHMA, HVA and VMA were significantly higher in patients with PSE, and there was a positive correlation between PHMA and HVA, and between PHMA and VMA. Higher excretion of PHMA in patients with PSE strongly suggests an increased metabolism of octopamine. HVA and VMA increased excretion, and the positive correlations could be explained by the depletion of stored dopamine and noradrenaline. These observations support the hypothesis that octopamine acts as a false neurotransmitter, and the resulting depletion of dopamine and noradrenaline could explain the neuropsychic phenomena of PSE, and the awakening effect of L. Dopa treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and catecholamines in urine of infants with neuroblastoma 6- to 11-month-old.

The amounts of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and catecholamines (adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine) in 24-hr urine specimens of 10 infants with neuroblastoma detected through mass screening in Sapporo City (patient group) were compared with those of 24 healthy infants (control group). The ages of the infants of both groups ranged from 6 to 11 months, which agrees with the age when mass screening is performed. For VMA and HVA, the mean value plus two or three times the standard deviation of the control group clearly separated the two groups in the units of mg/day, microgram/mg of creatinine, mg/kg/day, and mg/m2/day. The cut off values of 24 micrograms/mg of creatinine for VMA and 25 micrograms/mg of creatinine for HVA are now being used by us for assaying 24-hr urine specimens. No significant difference was found between the groups in levels of catecholamines, but their data were thought to be useful as normal values, since few published data regarding their normal values are available.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1995

The effects of cyanide on the extracellular levels of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and inositol phospholipid breakdown in the brain.

The effects of sodium cyanide on the extracellular levels of dopamine and the main brain metabolites of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were studied in awake, freely moving rats using microdialysis technique. Already 20 min after the administration of cyanide (2 mg/kg; ip) the extracellular level of striatal dopamine was increased and after 40 min an enhancement of the homovanillic acid level was observed. Slight but significant decreases of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were also observed. The increased extracellular levels of dopamine and homovanillic acid could indicate an increased release of dopamine. An alternative explanation could be an extracellular leakage of dopamine due to neuronal damage caused by cyanide. Cyanide has also been reported to induce marked changes in cytosolic brain Ca2+. We examined the effect of cyanide on inositol phospholipid breakdown in rat cerebral cortex and pig striatum in vitro. This breakdown was not affected by sodium cyanide and appears therefore not to be responsible for the reported changes of cytosolic Ca2+ induced by sodium cyanide.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Neurophysiological measures related to levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, homovanillic acid and tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric patients.

In 26 patients with psychiatric disorders, EEG, and visual averaged evoked responses (VAER) were recorded. In the analysis of the EEG, the mean integrated amplitude (MIA), its within patient variance (WPV), and the coefficient of variation CV=(square root of WPV/MIA) X 100 were calculated. Patients were grouped as augmenters on reducers according to their tendency in the VAER recording to augment or to reduce the intensity of incoming signals with increasing stimulus intensity. The content of monoamine metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA, and homovanillic acid (HVA), and --for 17 patients-- tryptophan, in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined. In the analysis of the results, WPV in the alpha-band was found to be significantly correlated to HVA (r=0.45, p less than 0.02) and to 5-HIAA (r=0.34, p less than 0.05). In a multiple regression analysis, the correlation between WPV and HVA was found to be the most important. CV was found to be signfiicantly correlated to tryptophan (r=0.68, p less than 0.01). In the analysis of the results of the VAER, reducers were found to have higher levels of 5-HIAA and tryptophan and significantly higher values of HVA. The results are discussed in relation to earlier neurophysiological and biochemical theories about psychiatric patients.

Adult↗