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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1976

Hemoglobin Hope: studies of oxygen equilibrium in heterozygotes, hemoglobin S-Hope disease, and isolated hemoglobin Hope.

Hemoglobin Hope (beta(H14)136gly leads to asp), a mildly unstable variant, was found to have decreased oxygen affinity, a normal Bohr effect and diminished cooperativity. Decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin Hope may explain the previous failure to find an appropriate response to hemolysis in individuals studied who were heterozygous for both hemoglobin Hope and sickle hemoglobin. Salt bridge formation between NA1 valine and H14 aspartic acid may stabilize the beta Hope subunit in its deoxy form thus producing intrinsically low oxygen affinity and reduced cooperativity.

Diphosphoglyceric Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The concept of hope in nursing 3: hope and palliative care nursing.

This article is the third in a series of six that explores the nature of hope, reviews the existing theoretical and empirical work in several discrete areas of nursing, and provides case studies to illustrate the role that hope plays in clinical situations. This article focuses on hope within the specialty area of palliative care nursing. Nurse researchers have been instrumental in our current early understandings of hope in palliative care. Studies of hope in palliative care, over the past decades, have focused primarily on those individuals in the advanced stages of cancer and the human immunodeficiency virus. Studies using quantitative methodology have focused on exploring hope levels across the dying trajectory and the relationship between hope and other psychosocial variables while those using qualitative methodology have focused on the meaning of hope and elucidating how terminally ill individual maintain and engender their hope. Research supports that the clinician is an instrument through which hope can be assessed and administered. There is a need for further rigorous investigation of the role of hope during the terminal phase of an illness with specific emphasis on capturing the intangible inner experiences of hope and on the validation of interventions/strategies that develop and maintain hope for both the terminally ill person and his/her family caregivers and significant others.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

When hope makes us vulnerable: a discussion of patient-healthcare provider interactions in the context of hope.

When hope is discussed in bioethics' literature, it is most often in the context of 'false hopes' and/or how to maintain hope while breaking bad news to patients. Little or no time is generally devoted to the description of hope that supports these analyses. In this paper, I present a detailed description of hope, one designed primarily for the healthcare context. Noting that hope is an emotional attitude, four key aspects are explored. In particular, the function of imagination in hope is discussed in depth. Through an examination of the relationship between hope and vulnerability, I demonstrate how adequately describing hope can broaden the normative inquiry into the role of hope in healthcare. Three ways in which persons with hope can be vulnerable are illustrated, and the challenge of how healthcare providers can attend in moral ways to the hopes of patients is identified.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2003

Hope in the general Norwegian population, measured using the Herth Hope Index.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to describe hope in a large sample that was drawn from the general Norwegian population and to examine how sociodemographic and health-related variables were related to hope. METHODS: Of 4,000 adult citizens, randomly drawn from the National Register, 1,912 (49%) returned the Norwegian version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI). RESULTS: When demographic and health-related variables were controlled for, age, gender, marital status, and employment status were significantly related to hope. The most important health-related variable was self-assessed health status, with participants who were satisfied with their health reporting significantly higher levels of hope. Participants who indicated that they had a chronic disease reported significantly higher hope scores compared to those without a chronic disease. Older men, individuals who were receiving a pension or were unemployed, and individuals who were widowed or unmarried reported the lowest levels of hope. In this study, an individual's subjective evaluation of his/her health was the most important health-related predictor of hope. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH: The most important health-related variable that predicted hope was self-assessed health in that participants who were satisfied with their health reported higher levels of hope. This finding suggests that an individual's subjective assessment of health is a better predictor of hope than the presence a chronic disease. Knowledge about levels of hope in the general population can be used as reference values against which an individual score or a group mean may be compared.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Hope in parents of adolescents with cancer--factors endangering and engendering parental hope.

The purpose of the study was to describe hope in parents of adolescents with cancer. The data were collected by interviewing nine parents of six families (n=18) and analysed by inductive content analysis. Parents' hope implies an orientation towards life and the future, trust, togetherness and wishes. Hope is associated with suffering and despair and it is a life-promoting factor. Factors associated with parental hope relate to the adolescent, the adolescent's cancer and health status, the care received and the care-giving personnel, continuation of life, the parent him- or herself, economics, other people, faith and pets. The findings confirm the statement that hope appears to be central to parents having a child with cancer. The factors endangering and engendering hope are related to several dimensions of family life, suggesting that hope is a broad, multidimensional phenomenon. Engendering hope is important in nursing: hope is a life-sustaining factor, which helps the person to cope in difficult life situations. In caring for an adolescent with cancer and his or her parents, it is of utmost importance to minimize factors endangering parental hope and to foster factors that engender parental hope.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

Hope in nursing research: a meta-analysis of the ontological and epistemological foundations of research on hope.

The purpose of this study is to describe the ontological basis of hope and the epistemological solutions adopted in research on hope by reviewing research articles concerned with the subject in the field of nursing science. The material consisted of 46 articles published between 1975 and 1993, and the examination was based on the meta-analysis method. References to the ontology of hope were inductively clustered according to the principle of continuous comparison. For the analysis of epistemological solutions, the purpose of the study, population/respondents, and methods of data collection and analysis were identified. The articles reviewed focus on the essence and distinctive characteristics of hope. Although rich in detail and quite vivid, there is a certain lack of precision about the descriptions. Hope may be described as an emotion, an experience or need. A distinction is made between generalized and particularized hope. There is a clear emphasis on the necessity and the dynamism of hope. As far as its dynamics are concerned, the most important dimension is the dialectic between hope and despair. An affective, functional, contextual and temporal as well as relational dimension are distinguished in the process of hope. Research on hope consists in the main part of descriptive cross-sectional research that focuses on individuals who are unwell. The most common method of data collection is the questionnaire, while the analyses are typically based on quantitative methods. There is need for further work to clarify the concept of hope. In the field of nursing research, there is obvious need to carry out more qualitative longitudinal research. More attention should be paid to healthy individuals and families at different stages of their life cycle.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2006

The power of hope: patients' experiences of hope a year after acute spinal cord injury.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this present study was to explore patients' experiences of the meaning they attribute to hope and hoping a year after acute spinal cord injury. BACKGROUND: Nursing literature is pointing towards the importance of having hope for a healthful living. However, the concept of hope has preliminarily been defined in an abstract and general way and is therefore difficult to grasp. DESIGN AND METHODS: This qualitative study has a longitudinal and descriptive-explorative design. Data were collected by personal interviews (n = 10) one year after acute spinal cord injury. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, based on the philosophy of Ricoeur, was used to extract the essences of the patients' experiences. RESULTS: The findings resulted in one main interpretation: 'The Power of Hope', and two sub-themes: 'Will, Faith and Hope' and 'Hoping, Struggling and Growing'. The power of hope was interpreted as the individual having experienced the meaning a year after the injury, mainly expressed through will power. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that experiences of hope were important to all participants, providing energy and power to the process of struggling because hope is necessary for further progress and personal development. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing interventions should be mainly directed towards emotional and motivational strategies to promote the will power and personal growth through learning experiences.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The concept of hope in nursing 5: hope and critical care nursing.

This article is the fifth of a series of six that explores the nature of hope, reviews the existing theoretical and empirical work in several discrete areas of nursing, and provides case studies to illustrate the role that hope plays in clinical situations. In this article we focus on hope within the formal area of critical care nursing. The article points out that there is a distinct paucity of theoretical and empirical work on hope in this formal area. A very limited empirical literature exists, and this work has produced some preliminary findings on the nature and range of interventions for inspiring hope in this client group. Interestingly, while the nature of critical illness appears to indicate the need for the individual to draw upon all his/her intra- and interpersonal sources of help and support, and thus similarly draw upon his/her internal and external hope, the substantive issue of hope inspiration in this client group is not well researched. There exists, no doubt, a range of explanations for this disparity and this article outlines two and introduces a third. Yet hope and hope maintenance/inspiration may just be equally relevant and important to people with critical problems as they are to individuals with chronic problems; this view is supported by the limited empirical work in this area. Consequently, there is a clear need for future qualitative and quantitative research, some of which needs to explore the experiences of hope/hoping/hopelessness for people with a range of critical care needs. Furthermore, despite the apparent emphasis on 'high-tech', overt, and tangible practices within some critical care settings, this article would urge practitioners to remain open to the value of the more subtle, less visible, implicit, approaches to inspiring and maintaining hope in these clients.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Hope and hoping in the talk of dying cancer patients.

Hope is the subject of increasing research and discussion within the healthcare literature. However, although deemed of vital import to patient welfare, there is little examination of how hope features within patients' speech. This qualitative study presents the discursive properties of hope as it emerged unprompted during semi-structured interviews with 28 patients in the final phase of terminal cancer recruited from the oncology clinic of the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia. In the context of discussions about decision-making at the end of a terminal illness, when used as a noun, hope invariably referenced the medical domain--focussing either on the objective probability of medical cure (typically taking the negative form "there is no hope"), or the subjective possession of the patient, needed to fight their disease. Positioning the patient as relatively powerless and subject to external forces, this hope was most commonly associated with absolute solutions, and life-and-death stakes. Hope as a verb emphasised the patient's active engagement in life, identifying what was good and positive for them. It was used to assign responsibility to others, to indicate and establish solidarity or agreement between the speaker and others, effectively strengthening interpersonal ties between individuals. Through hoping, patients established connection with others and with the future. In the context of interactions between patients and clinical staff, we conclude that the use of hope-as-a-verb may have benefits, enabling the patient--even when dying--to focus on the positive, to connect to others, and to continue to engage with life.

Attitude to Death↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The concept of hope in nursing 4: hope and gerontological nursing.

This article is the fourth in a series of six that explores the nature of hope, reviews the existing theoretical and empirical work in several discrete areas of nursing and provides case studies to illustrate the role that hope plays in clinical situations. This article focuses on hope within the specialty of gerontological nursing. To date, most of the hope research, using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, has focused on well and chronically ill young or middle-aged adults; very few studies have examined hope in the older adult and specifically how older adults maintain hope in spite of multiple losses and/or changes. Hope has been studied in several elderly populations, including grieving widow(er)s, community-based older persons, persons living in long term care facilities and elders recruited from senior citizen centres. Research findings provide initial direction for the assessment of hope, and a reference for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies. There remains, however, a need for continuing research in the area of hope in the older adult that is multifaceted and applicable to both practice and education.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Relationship between hope and subjective well-being: reliability and validity of the dispositional Hope Scale, Japanese version].

We conducted three studies to translate the Snyder Hope Sales into Japanese, examine reliability and validity of the Japanese version, and investigate the relationship between the tendency to be hopeful and subjective well-being. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis was performed of the Hope Scale in the Japanese version: agency and pathways. Its test-retest reliability coefficients for the data from 113 undergraduates ranged from .81 to .84. In Study 2, concurrent validity of the Japanese version Hope Scale was examined with the data from 550 respondents, which looked at the correlations between hope and optimism, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Results suggested that the Japanese version had high validity. In addition, the tendency to be hopeful had negative correlations with stress response, hopelessness, depressive tendency, and trait anxiety, and positive one with feeling of happiness. In Study 3, 175 undergraduates completed the Hope Scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) immediately prior to final examinations. Results of regression analysis suggested that the tendency to be hopeful moderated examination anxiety. Taken together, results of the studies supported the hypothesis that hope had positive effects on subjective well-being.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Strategies for assessing and fostering hope: the hope assessment guide.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To detail behavioral manifestations of hope and to present the Hope Assessment Guide with stage-specific nursing strategies to foster the development of hope. DATA SOURCES: Previous research and a concept analysis of hope, including interviews with survivors of breast cancer, people awaiting heart transplants, breast-feeding mothers returning to work, and patients with spinal cord injuries. Criteria for inclusion included empirical validity of the conceptual framework, power of the autobiographic data to illustrate theoretical fit, and usefulness of the theory in assessing hope and devising clinical strategies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Behavioral manifestations within reported breast cancer experiences demonstrated theoretical fit. From this, the researchers extracted assessment factors and identified clinical strategies based on reported experiences and strategies found helpful at various stages of the hope development process. CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual model provides structure for assessing and responding to developing hopefulness in a stage-specific manner. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: By becoming aware of the processes of developing hope, nurses are better prepared to clinically assess this dynamic process and to devise highly individualized clinical interventions in cases in which hope needs to be supported or modified.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2005

Transforming hope: how elderly palliative patients live with hope.

Hope is important to palliative patients; however, the process by which these patients live with hope is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe, using a grounded theory approach, the processes by which palliative patients live with hope. Sixteen interviews were conducted with 10 home-care palliative patients (mean age 75 years) in their homes using open-ended questions. The participants defined their hope as expectations such as not suffering more and having a peaceful death. They described their main concern as wanting to "live with hope" and they achieved this through the basic social process of transforming hope. Transforming hope involved acknowledging "life the way it is," searching for meaning, and positive reappraisal. The results of this study provide a foundation for future research and the development of interventions to engender hope in older palliative patients.

Attitude to Death↗

PubMed2004

Assessing hope at the end of life: validation of an experience of hope scale in advanced cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to gather validity evidence for an innovative experience of hope scale, the Hope Differential-Short (HDS), and evaluate its clinical utility for assessing hope in advanced cancer patients. METHODS: A consecutive sampling approach was used to recruit 96 patients from an inpatient tertiary palliative care unit and three hospice settings. Each participant completed an in-person survey interview, consisting of the following measures: HDS (nine items), Herth Hope Index (HHI), hope visual analog scale (Hope-VAS) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). RESULTS: Using factor analytic procedures, a two-factor structure for the HDS was identified, consisting of authentic spirit (Factor I) and comfort (Factor II). The HDS factors had good overall internal consistency (alpha = 0.83), with Factor I (alpha = 0.83) being higher than Factor II (alpha = 0.69). The two factors positively correlated with the HHI, Hope-VAS, and one of the ESAS visual analog scales, well-being (range: 0.38 to 0.64) and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, as measured by the ESAS (range: -0.25 to -0.42). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: This is the first validation study of the HDS in advanced cancer patients. Its promising psychometric properties and brief patient-oriented nature provide a solid initial foundation for its future use as a clinical assessment measure in oncology and palliative care. Additional studies are warranted to gather further validity evidence for the HDS before its routine use in clinical practice.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Hope: future imagined reality. The meaning of hope as described by a group of healthy Pentecostalists.

A holistic health care approach involves body, mind and spirit. Religiosity, spirituality and hope, as a part of the spiritual dimension, are often linked to various health-related outcomes such as physical health, spiritual well-being and experienced meaning in life. A person's outlook on life and the experience of hope are essential issues in all health care. The purpose of this paper is to describe the meaning of hope as expressed by a group of healthy adult Pentecostalists (n = 15). Using narratives, the ultimate hope was described as life after death, the future imagined reality, promised by God. Hope was strengthened by reading the Bible and saying prayers, through experienced meetings with God and shared values. Hope was quite stable but sometimes God was experienced as being at a distance, which resulted in a sense of alienation. Hope unconnected to Christian belief was of no significant importance to the interviewees.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Hope, defense mechanisms, and adjustment: implications for false hope and defensive hopelessness.

Two studies replicated and expanded an earlier finding that defense style plays a crucial role in the relation between hope and dysphoria (Kwon, 2000). Lower hope and higher defense style immaturity were each associated with greater dysphoria, depression proneness, and maladjustment. Individuals with low hope and low defense immaturity did not have poor outcomes, supporting the existence of a subtype of low hope (defensive hopelessness) that may have adaptive value. The combination of high hope and high defense immaturity was not associated with maladaptive outcomes, arguing against the false hope construct. Additionally, the findings remained after controlling for levels of anxiety. Thus, it appears that the results are not attributable to general distress or negative affectivity. Finally, domain-specific hope was shown to correlate most strongly with matching areas of adjustment, providing evidence for the validity of the construct.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The meaning of hope and generic caring practices to nurture hope in a rural village in the Dominican Republic.

The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of hope and generic caring practices to nurture hope among people of a rural village in the Dominican Republic. Ethnonursing methods were used to gather and analyze data from which a definition of hope for this group of people was developed: "Hope is an essential but dynamic life force that grows out of faith in God, is supported by relationships, resources and work, and results in the energy necessary to work for a desired future. Hope gives meaning and happiness." The information obtained also demonstrated that hope interacts with nearly all domains in the Sunrise Model. Generic care practices discovered among this population included working together, advising each other to work hard, and sharing hope itself. Implications for further research are discussed.

Dominican Republic↗

PubMed2000

Hoping to maintain a balance: the concept of hope and the discontinuation of anorexiant medications.

The secondary analysis of transcripts from a study of 9 women who used prescription anorexiant medications described in this article was conducted to discover the role that hope played in the women's weight-loss initiatives. It was found that hope grew throughout the women's weight-loss initiative but peaked once the medications were discontinued. Seven components of the concept of hope were described in the context of the women's weight-loss experiences. Characteristics of hope in women who have discontinued anorexiant medications are different than those associated with hope in other contexts. A unique pattern of hope, hoping to maintain a balance, describes the women's experiences as they strove to maintain the weight they had lost.

Adult↗