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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Childhood Economic Mobility and Systemic Inflammation Among Men Who Experienced Low Income in Toddlerhood: The Moderating Role of Trait Hostility.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood economic upward mobility (ie, increases in family income across childhood) may attenuate links between childhood poverty and systemic inflammation in adulthood, the extent of which may vary depending on inter-individual differences in personality characteristics, including hostility. METHODS: Men who experienced low income in toddlerhood (N=171) were followed prospectively into adulthood. Annual family income was collected 12 times when men were 1.5 to 17 years old. Men completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and had their fasting blood drawn to measure circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) at age 32. Multiple linear regression analyses examined main and moderation effects of childhood economic upward mobility and adult hostility on CRP levels adjusting for income at 1.5 years, race, parent educational attainment, and adult income, education, waist circumference, and smoking status. RESULTS: Main effects were nonsignificant, but an interaction effect emerged. Counter to expectations, childhood economic upward mobility related to greater adult CRP as trait hostility decreased ( β =-0.203, P =.018). Simple slope analyses further revealed that childhood economic upward mobility was positively associated with CRP among men lower in hostility ( β =0.23, SE=0.09, P =.020) but was unrelated to CRP among men higher in hostility. Results of post hoc sensitivity analyses are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Counterintuitive findings suggest that for men who experience poverty in toddlerhood, the association between childhood economic upward mobility and adult CRP may be nuanced and even in the positive direction for men low in hostility, which aligns with work on unintended health consequences of upward mobility.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Neighborhood Hostility is Associated With the Relationship Between Park Proximity and Physical Activity Among Youth: National Evidence From Chile.

PURPOSE: Physical inactivity among youth is highly prevalent worldwide. Although proximity to parks and recreational facilities is generally associated with higher physical activity (PA), unsafe or hostile neighborhood environments may limit their use. This study examined whether neighborhood hostility moderates the association between access to recreational facilities and adherence to World Health Organization PA guidelines among Chilean youth. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2024 National Physical Activity and Sport Survey of Chile, including 3,477 urban participants stratified into childhood (5-10 years), early adolescence (11-13 years), and late adolescence (14-17 years). Built environment exposures included perceived access to recreational facilities, a cumulative neighborhood hostility score (0-5). Logistic regression models were stratified by age group and adjusted for covariates. Interaction terms assessed moderation by neighborhood hostility, and causal mediation analyses were performed. RESULTS: Adherence to World Health Organization guidelines was low (41.9% in childhood, 43.8% in early adolescence, and 43.9% in late adolescence). Greater distance to recreational facilities was associated with lower odds of meeting activity guidelines. Higher neighborhood hostility was independently associated with lower PA levels. Among adolescents, neighborhood hostility substantially attenuated the association between proximity and activity. Mediation analyses indicated partial mediation, with effective park utilization emerging as the strongest mechanism, accounting for 21.8% of the association (p < .001), followed by psychological motivation (11.9%). DISCUSSION: Proximity to recreational infrastructure alone is insufficient to promote PA in hostile neighborhoods. Policy approaches should integrate infrastructure provision with strategies addressing neighborhood safety and promoting active engagement.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Sperm/cervical-mucus crossed hostility testing and antisperm antibodies in the husband.

The behaviour of sperms has been investigated in preovulatory cervical mucus in 44 infertile couples. In 22 couples, immobilising and agglutinating autoantibodies were detected in the husband's sera in high titres. In 10 couples, antisperm antibodies were detected in the husbands by indirect immunofluorescent testing. In 12 couples, no evidence of antisperm antibodies was found in either husbands or wives. The results obtained with husband and wife were compared with the behaviour of the husband's sperms in cervical mucus from fertile donors, and with the behaviour of sperms from fertile donors in the wives' mucus. This crossed hostility test indicated that high tires of immobilising and agglutinating antisperm antibodies in the husband effectively prevented the sperms from penetrating the cervical mucus, even though the sperms appeared normal on seminal analysis. Antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence did not have this effect. Poor penetration was also observed with low sperm motility or poor cervical mucus. It is concluded that this test, taken with the postcoital test, could provide a useful screen for immunological causes of infertility and an accurate test for the clinical relevance of antisperm antibody tests.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2026

Associations of red blood cell fatty acids with personality traits: 10-year follow-up in the Kibbutzim Family Study (KFS).

BACKGROUND: The ability of hostility and type-A personality to predict cardiovascular outcomes makes understanding antecedents of these personality traits an important public health objective. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine whether blood-measured fatty acids (the exposure) are associated with hostility and type-A personality (the outcome), while accounting for lifestyle, sociodemographic factors, and polygenic background. METHODS: Personality traits, sociodemographic, and lifestyle data were obtained in 1992-1993 from 452 family members living in kibbutz settlements in Israel (visit 1) and remeasured 8 to 10 y later in 379 individuals (visit 2). Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid concentrations were determined in visit 1 by gas chromatography. Longitudinal associations of visit 1 fatty acids with visit 2 personality traits were examined using linear models, before and after controlling for baseline personality scores. The contribution of environmental factors to personality scores beyond heritability was estimated by variance decomposition. RESULTS: In longitudinal analysis, 1% increase in visit 1 total n-6 (&#x3c9;-6) fatty acid was associated with a 0.328-unit decrease in visit 2 type-A score [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.571, -0.085]. After adjustment for baseline personality levels, the association was slightly attenuated (&#x3b2;= -0.204; CI: -0.399, -0.009). One percent higher total n-6 was also associated with 1.119 units lower visit 2 hostility score (CI: -2.777, 0.038; P = 0.055). Finally, independent of the genetic contribution (32%-38% of adjusted variability in hostility and type-A personality), 1% increase in total n-3 and total n-6 was associated with 2.539 (CI: -3.907, -1.171) and 0.201 (CI: -0.365, -0.037) units lower hostility and type-A scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Higher RBC total n-6 fatty acid concentrations are associated with lower type-A personality scores. After adjustment for baseline personality levels, the associations between total n-6 and hostility and between total n-3 and hostility are attenuated. These findings support further investigation of the relationship between fatty acid biology and personality traits using study designs better suited to causal inference.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Family functioning and psychiatric outcomes in children and young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities caused by rare genetic mutations.

BACKGROUND: A range of rare chromosomal micro-deletions or -duplications (Copy Number Variants - CNVs) are associated with high risk of neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions (ND-CNVs). There is great individual variability in outcomes, but we lack insights into the contributing social factors, including family functioning. METHODS: Caregivers of 598 children and young people (CYP) with a range of 16 ND-CNVs and 222 siblings without ND-CNVs (controls) completed questionnaires on overall family climate (cohesion and conflict) as well as caregiver-CYP relationship warmth and hostility and took part in a research diagnostic interview about CYPs' psychiatric symptoms. CYPs' intelligence quotient (IQ) was also measured. RESULTS: Comparisons with published data from neurotypical families indicated that families affected by ND-CNVs are characterised by higher family cohesion and conflict as well as lower caregiver-CYP warmth and hostility. Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder reduced more steeply in CYP with ND-CNVs compared to controls with increasing family cohesion (interaction effect: &#x3b2; = -0.14, p = 4.65 &#xd7; 10-2). In contrast, they rose more steeply with increasing family conflict (interaction effect: &#x3b2; = 0.18, p = 1.05 &#xd7; 10-2). Furthermore, symptoms of mood disorder increased more steeply with increased caregiver-CYP hostility in CYP with ND-CNVs (interaction effect: &#x3b2; = 0.15, p = 4.55 &#xd7; 10-2). CONCLUSIONS: Raising a CYP with a rare genetic condition is challenging. Timely access to interventions that support caregivers in fostering a positive family environment may reduce behavioural difficulties in CYP, with subsequent benefits for family functioning.

CNV↗
PubMed1979

Demographic and affective covariates of pain.

Relationships of four demographic variables and five affective variables to eight attributes of low back pain were investigated in 251 patients by stepwise, multivariate analysis. The demographic variables are age, sex, race, and education. The affective variables are state anxiety, trait anxiety anxiety, hostility, and depression. Seven of the pain variables are from the factorially derived Low Back Pain Questionnaire. The eighth pain variable is a self-estimate of intensity. Relationships among demographic and pain variables are small and unsystematic. Hostility has a small, systematically inverse relation to pain variables, supporting theories relating low back pain to inhibition of anger. Anxiety has a small positive relationship, and depression has no relationship to pain variables. In general, the small relationships indicate that the Low Back Pain Questionnaire provides descriptions of pain that are not confounded by social characteristics or current emotional states of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Psychological responses to genetic counseling for Down's syndrome.

To assess some of the emotional aspects of why parents seek genetic counseling and to measure the effect of genetic counseling in parents of children with Down's syndrome, pre- and post-counseling measures of anxiety, hostility, depression, and self-concept were obtained from 43 parents. Pre-counseling responses were compared with those of normative controls, and pre- and post-counseling scores were compared for areas of significant change. Anxiety, hostility and depression levels were significantly higher in parents seeking counseling than in normative controls (both P less than 0.002). Following genetic counseling, there was a significant lowering of anxiety (P less than 0.0005) and depression (P less than 0.05) along with a significant increase in overall self-concept (P less than 0.01). The study documents the importance of looking at factors related to emotional needs and self-image of parents in genetic counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Interpersonal relationships and child-rearing practices in 214 parents of battered children.

The self-reported child-rearing practices of 214 parents of battered babies were characterized in a few but not all respects by demanding behaviour which exceeded that to be expected in relation to their social class and age. Inconsistency in child management was noted in the comparison between lack of demonstrativeness and emotional over-involvement, and between physical punishment and a tendency to be lax in the supervision of the child, and was reminiscent of parents of delinquents. Unhappiness and hostility in relationships with members of their families of origin, with unsupporting partners and with people in general were other important features. Generally, identified perpetrators were characterized by features significant for the sample as a whole.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

The use of benzodiazepines in prison populations.

Experience with the use of tranquilizing drugs in the control of anxiety and in attempts at behavior modification, prompted a controlled study in the use of the benzodiazepines at the Utah state prison. It appeared that the benefits derived from the administration of these drugs in prisoner control were nearly outweighed by the frequent appearance of paradoxical rage reactions and increase in hostility and aggressive tendencies in these individuals. A double blind, cohort, prospective, randomized study was set up comparing Valium and Serax in their antianxiety qualities and their tendency to produce increased aggression and paradoxical rage reactions. Guidelines are proposed for the use of benzodiazepines and Serax is suggested as a superior drug to Valium for this purpose if indeed a tranquilizer of this type is indicated.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A brief anxiety rating scale in evaluating anxiolytics.

The Wang Anxiety Rating Scale (WARS) was designed to evaluate degrees of anxiety in patients receiving anxiolytic medication. WARS contains 12 pertinent symptoms of anxiety: nervousness, restlessness, excitability, irritability, worrying, disturbed concentration, palpitation, insomnia, hostility, tremors, smoking, and excessive perspiration. Frequently encountered side effects of anxiolytic medications are excluded. The validity of the WARS was determined by correlation with the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) in a single-blind study in which 20 chronically anxious patients consecutively received placebo (three days), 15 mg clorazepate dipotassium (two weeks), and 22.5 mg clorazepate dipotassium (two weeks). Both anxiety scales, a side effect scale, and a global assessment were completed at regular intervals (periods 0-6). Results show (1) highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between WARS and HARS for periods 1-6; (2) greater correlation between HARS and side effect scale than between WARS and side effect scale; (3) greater correlation between WARS and global assessment than between HARS and global assessment; correlated changes in scores for WARS, HARS, and global assessment demonstrate efficacy of active medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The GP as a psychiatric community resource.

One hundred pyschiatric inpatients were interviewed to determine their normal use of a family doctor and opinion about his value in aftercare. The ward team made a similar decision and when appropriate, a family doctor was approached about his willingness to undertake the aftercare. There were 54 patients who had a family doctor, 38 felt he could assist in aftercare. By contrast, the ward team seldom considered referral appropriate and family doctors were initially hostile to the concept. The demographic variables and attitudes underlying the views of patients, staff, and family doctors are discussed together with their implications for community care.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Dual-Reporter Gene-Based Multimodal Imaging for Tracking Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diabetic Skin Wound Repair.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a clinically challenging complication characterized by poor healing outcomes, and conventional therapies provide limited benefit. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation offers a promising strategy for DFU repair. However, the low survival of transplanted MSCs in the hostile wound microenvironment, coupled with the lack of real-time, non-invasive methods to track these cells in vivo, severely hampers their therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation. METHODS: We engineered MSCs to co-express a dual reporter system comprising near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). These modified cells were then integrated with a fibrin glue (FG) scaffold to create a unified platform that supports both multimodal imaging and therapeutic function within skin wounds. First, FTH1 overexpression enhances the antioxidant capacity of MSCs, while the FG scaffold provides structural support; this combination enhances cell survival and retention. Second, the iRFP/FTH1 dual reporter enables near-infrared fluorescence imaging and MRI-based localization, establishing a multimodal platform for real-time cell tracking. RESULTS: In a full-thickness skin defect model in diabetic mice, multimodal imaging revealed that transplanted cells persisted in the wound area for approximately seven days. Treatment with iRFP/FTH1-MSCs/FG significantly accelerated wound closure and promoted hair follicle regeneration and angiogenesis. Additionally, local iron deposition resulting from FTH1 expression enhanced fibroblast migration and collagen synthesis, further facilitating extracellular matrix remodeling. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that this therapy drives macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and activates the PI3K-AKT-VEGF signaling pathway. These complementary effects synergistically enhance tissue regeneration and systematically improve diabetic wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this multimodal stem cell-scaffold system effectively integrates dynamic cell tracking with stem cell therapy during skin wound repair. It addresses a critical technical gap in visualizing stem cells within the wound microenvironment and provides valuable methodological and theoretical foundations for optimizing regenerative strategies for diabetic skin wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)--factors derived from the HSCL-90.

A factor analysis of the 90-item version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, performed on the pretreatment self-ratings of nonpsychotic outpatients with symptoms of depression and anxiety, revealed the presence of 8 clinically meaningful factors. These eight orthogonal factors each contained at least 5 items with loadings above 0.40 and explained 4.5% or more of the matrix variance. They were labeled Somatization, Phobic-Anxiety, Retarded Depression, Agitated Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anger-Hostility and Psychoticism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

A standardised risk-stratified approach to the urological management of children with spina bifida.

BACKGROUND: The establishment of a multidisciplinary spina bifida (SB) clinic in 2006 resulted in a review of the literature and an audit of renal outcomes based on then management practices. The audit showed 17% new onset renal scarring over a mean 5.8-year follow-up period. This prompted the development of a local protocol based on risk stratification combining serial ultrasound and non-invasive bladder function assessments, with invasive urodynamic studies reserved for high-risk patients. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to assess the impact of a risk stratified protocol on renal scarring and continence outcomes in children with SB. METHODS: A single centre, retrospective case review of SB patients treated after the introduction of the protocol was conducted. Electronic medical records were used to access patient demographics, continence status and the results of investigations and adherence to the local management protocol. Management that deviated from the protocol was deemed non-adherence. Renal scarring was determined by the presence of scarring on DMSA renogram. Continence was defined as having no urinary incontinence or no more than a single episode of incontinence in a month in patients above the age of 5. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics in percentages were used, for comparisons of dichotomous variables the Students t-test was performed and to calculate statistical significance a Fisher exact test was done. RESULTS: 167 SB patients were identified with a mean follow up of 56 months. 141 patients were considered adherent to the protocol, 26 were non-adherent. In the protocol adherent group 5 patients (3.5%) developed renal scarring compared with 6 patients (23%) managed out of protocol (p = 0.002). Overall, 49/108 patients were continent either self-voiding 8/108 (7%), with urethral CIC 19/108 (20%) and 22/108 (45%) of them required bladder augmentation. Urinary continence improved with age with 26% continence at age 10, 64% continence by age 15 and 90% continent above 15 years of age. CONCLUSION: A management approach based on risk stratification resulted in incidence of renal scarring that is better than historical controls and comparable to published outcomes. Social continence was achieved in 90% of SB patients by 15 years of age. Hostile bladder changes can be readily identified using non-invasive assessment methods. An expectant treatment approach based on risk stratification is associated with good long term renal outcome and utilises invasive urodynamic resources for SB patients at high risk of renal injury or to address urinary continence in the older child.

Humans↗